石油套管钢钙处理机理及效果

系统地研究了国内某钢厂生产的39Mn2V石油套管钢钙处理前后的总氧含量变化及夹杂物类型,从热力学上分析了钢中氧化铝和硫化锰的变性机理.研究结果表明现有工艺条件下喂入的硅钙量可以将Al2O3完全变性为炼钢温度下呈液态的12CaO.7Al2O3和3CaO.Al2O3夹杂物,但不能将MnS完全变性为CaS.     

Al脱氧弹簧钢钙处理过程中铝酸钙硫化物析出热力学分析

通过钢液与夹杂物间的热力学平衡计算,对Al脱氧弹簧钢钙处理过程中铝酸钙硫化物的析出行为进行热力学分析,探讨[Al]、[Ca]、[S]浓度和钢液温度对Al2O3夹杂物变性行为的影响。结果表明,1600℃钢液温度下,w[Al]=0.03%时,Al2O3生成为低熔点12CaO·7Al2O3时的w[Ca]0.0034%,其值随钢液温度降低而减小,随铝含量增大而增大。CaS析出时的临界钙含量随钢液温度降低而显著减小,当w[S]0.005%时,w[Ca]随w[S]变化而显著变化。要使钢中夹杂物控制在低熔点12CaO·7Al2O3区域,需控制w[S]0.0037%,该值随钢液温度的降低或铝含量的增大而减小。     

钙处理对铝镇静钢中非金属夹杂物变性效果的影响

通过对LF前—LF后—中间包—连铸工艺生产40Cr钢各环节系统取样,以及电子显微镜对夹杂物的形貌、尺寸及组成的分析,发现40Cr铸坯中含有大量CaO(CaS)-Al2O3-MgO类复合夹杂.采用Factsage计算得到的CaO-CaS-Al2O3三元相图对钙处理后CaO(CaS)-Al2O3夹杂形成过程进行了理论计算;并对实际发现的CaO(CaS)-Al2O3-MgO类复合夹杂物的面扫描分布进行描边处理,探讨了该类夹杂物的组成和形成过程.经Factsage理论计算发现,CaO-CaS-Al2O3三元相图中液相区各成分质量分数为CaO 32%～58%、CaS 0%～5%以及Al2O342%～65%,钙处理后CaO含量有逐渐增加,CaS含量有逐渐减小趋势.结合夹杂物的面扫描分布发现,CaO(CaS)-Al2O3-MgO类复合夹杂物的组成为xCaO·yAl2O3+mMgO·nAl2O3+Al2O3+CaS,钙处理后Ca能够使Al2O3变性为CaO-Al2O3,但同时夹杂物中也有很高的CaS成分,随着钙处理的充分进行,CaS将由内及外向CaO-Al2O3逐渐转变.     

冶炼65钢夹杂物控制的实践

冶炼过程中产生的夹杂物对65钢(C:0.62～0.70、Si:0.17 ～0.37、Mn:0.50～0.80)性能有较大影响,采用扫描电子显微镜分析了不同生产阶段65钢中夹杂物,结果表明,转炉出钢钢样中氧化物夹杂主要为FeO·CaO·SiO2、Al2O3·CaO·SiO2和SiO2·MnO,喂线前钢样中氧化物夹杂主要为CaO·SiO2·Al2O3和SiO2·MnO·Al2O3,中间包钢样中的氧化物夹杂主要为CaO · Al2O3 MnO·SiO2 · FeO和MnO · Al2O3·FeO,盘条中氧化物夹杂主要为CaO ·Al2O3型和CaO·CaS·MnS复合夹杂物.加强合金脱氧、优化钙处理、提高水口氩封和优质保护渣,可促进钢中夹杂物的控制和去除.     

铝镇静钢钙处理后氧化铝夹杂物变性动力学模型

将Al2O3以及固态的钙铝酸盐均视为未反应核,确定铝离子在液态钙铝酸盐层的扩散是铝镇静钢钙处理后Al2O3夹杂物变性的限制性环节,由未反应核模型建立了Al2O3夹杂物变性的动力学模型,并且通过热力学分析计算了模型参数.模型结果显示:随着Al2O3夹杂物直径的增大,其完全变性为液态钙铝酸盐的时间大幅延长.钢液中Ca在一定范围内增加,不仅在热力学上有利于Al2O3变性,也使其变性速率迅速增大,但Ca超过一定值时对变性速率促进减弱.温度升高不利于Al2O3夹杂物变性反应,从而使变性的驱动力减小,对夹杂物变性促进作用不很明显.模型结果与工业试验和夹杂观察结果基本相符.     

409L不锈钢中镁铝尖晶石夹杂物的生成研究

基于409L不锈钢VOD生产实际,分析了Al脱氧条件下MgO.Al2O3复合夹杂物的组成形态;同时采用热力学计算方法得出1873K时MgO,MgO.Al2O3和Al2O3的平衡相图,研究了MgO.Al2O3夹杂物生成与转变的热力学条件.结果表明,钢水中的尖晶石复合夹杂物中的MgO.Al2O3相呈非晶态结构,夹杂物尺寸在5μm左右.生产过程中,当钢水中Al的质量分数控制在0.04%,w(Mg)≥1.3×10-8时,钢水中即可生成MgO.Al2O3夹杂物;w(Mg)≥9.7×10-7时,MgO.Al2O3开始转变成为MgO夹杂.     

钙处理过程夹杂物演变及热力学分析

通过检测分析钙处理前后钢中夹杂物的形貌和成分的变化,探讨钢液钙处理过程中夹杂物演变规律.利用热力学计算,优化钙处理工艺.结果表明,钙处理可以将钢液中不规则固态夹杂物改性为球形液态夹杂物;1873 K下,当[ Al ]为0.030%时,[O]控制在5×10-6~17×10-6,[Ca]控制在0.7×10-6~30×10-6,钢中夹杂物变性效果良好;当[Al]为0.030%时,[ S]控制在6×10-6~19×10-6,既能使钢中Al2 O3夹杂生成液态铝酸钙夹杂物,同时又可以减少CaS生成.     

气瓶钢精炼过程中的MgO·Al_2O_3夹杂物

研究了EAF-LF-VD-CC流程冶炼气瓶钢30CrMo时精炼过程中含MgO.Al2O3夹杂物的生成和转化,对夹杂物进行了三维分析观察.研究结果表明:LF精炼30min后夹杂物中Mg含量减小,Ca含量增加,MgO.Al2O3夹杂物消失.LF精炼后期Mg含量变化不大,Ca含量减小,未出现MgO.Al2O3夹杂物;VD精炼过程中夹杂物中的Mg含量增加,Ca含量变化不大,重新生成了MgO.Al2O3夹杂物;精炼过程中MgO.Al2O3夹杂物可以向复合夹杂物转变的,但为防止精炼后期MgO.Al2O3夹杂物重新生成必须保证钢液中具有一定的钙含量.     

Al--Ca复合合金钢水脱氧机理的研究

通过Al-Ca复合合金钢水脱氧的平衡热力学计算,确定了钢液的氧的质量分数在3×10-6~1×10-4条件下,1600℃时的Al-Ca复合合金脱氧产物的稳定区域图.以此为基础,假定钙的收得率为100%,预测了钢液在Al-Ca复合合金Ca/Al质量比为5,加入量为M kg;Al-Ca复合合金Ca/Al质量比为0.2,加入量为M kg;Al-Ca复合合金Ca/Al质量比为0.2,加入量为0.2M kg三种不同脱氧制度下夹杂物的演变历程.结果表明,在Ca/Al=5,复合合金加入量使初始钢液中的[Ca]为0.01%,[Al]为0.002%时,夹杂物在钢液精炼过程中的演变历程为:12CaO·7Al2O3(l)/CaO·Al2O3(l)→CaO(s)→12CaO·7Al2O3(l)/CaO·Al2O3(l)→CaO(s)→12CaO·7Al2O3(l)/CaO·Al2O3(l),并确定了固态和液态脱氧产物在脱氧过程中交替形成为最理想的Al-Ca复合合金脱氧制度,可为钢铁企业脱氧剂的选择和应用提供参考和借鉴.     

合金钢中镁铝尖晶石夹杂物生成与转化热力学

通过FactSage 6.0热力学软件计算,研究了合金钢中镁铝尖晶石(MgO.Al2O3)形成和向低熔点复合夹杂物转化的热力学条件,以及钙处理对钢液成分和夹杂物成分的影响.研究结果表明:钢中生成镁铝尖晶石夹杂物需要镁的含量较低;当钢液中溶解钙的质量分数为1×10-6时,镁铝尖晶石会转化变成液态的复合夹杂物;随着钙加入量的增加,液态复合夹杂物中Al2O3和MgO的含量继续降低,CaO的含量继续增加,SiO2的含量较低,基本保持不变;随着钙加入量的增加,钢液中的氧含量会降低,镁含量增加.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

正~~