2-羟基吡啶质子转移异构化的理论研究

采用量子化学中的密度泛函理论，在B3LYP/6-311＋＋G＊＊计算水平上，系统考察了在水、氨和甲醇分子辅助下，2-羟基吡啶醇式和酮式结构的质子转移异构化行为.结果表明：其醇式和酮式结构均能稳定存在，但后者在能量上稍占优势.3种分子参与的质子转移反应均是按照协同机理进行的.它们的参与能够大大降低反应能垒，使得在动力学上难以发生的质子转移反应得以进行.其中甲醇的辅助效果最佳，其次为水和氨分子.另外，辅助分子和各种介质的溶剂效应均有利于酮式结构的稳定性，这与有关的研究吻合较好.     

4-苯基嘧啶-2-硫酮互变异构的理论研究

采用B3LYP/6-311 G＊＊方法,计算并考察了4-苯基嘧啶-2-硫酮分子的硫醇式和硫酮式构型进行结构互变质子迁移的两种可能途径：（a）分子内质子迁移,（b）水助质子迁移.计算结果表明,途经（b）所需要的活化能较小,氢键在降低反应活化能方面起着重要作用.Onsager自洽反应场溶剂模型用于水相的计算,并探讨了水溶剂化效应对异构化过程的几何结构和能量的影响.     

两种不对称四硫富瓦烯衍生物的合成、结构及电化学行为研究

以1,3-甲基二硫基-二硫醇-2-硫酮(化合物1)和1,3-环戊烯二硫基-二硫醇-2-硫酮(化合物5)为原料,在P(OEt)3存在下,分别与1,3-二(氰乙硫基)-二硫醇-2-氧酮(化合物3)发生不对称偶联,得到了两个新型的不对称四硫富瓦烯衍生物(化合物6a和6b).对二者进行了熔点、IR、1H NMR、13C NMR、MS、EA等表征,解析了其晶体结构,并对它们的电化学行为做了初步的研究.     

溶剂效应对2-(2-羟基苯基)苯并咪唑 质子转移的影响

采用光谱法和密度泛函理论研究了DMF,甲醇等有机溶剂及不同组成的1,4-二氧六环/甲醇混合溶剂中2-(2-羟基苯基)苯并咪唑(HPBI)的分子内质子转移反应,考察了溶剂极性对HPBI光谱性质及激发态分子内质子转移(ESIPT)机制的影响,探讨了酸碱度对HPBI在水溶液中荧光光谱受的影响.结果表明,在所考察的溶剂中,HPBI均表现出烯醇式和酮式的双发射峰(350 nm和460 nm附近),且溶剂极性越小越有利于质子转移.结合可极化连续介质模型(PCM),M06-2X/6-311++G(d)及TD M06-2X/6-311++G(d)的密度泛函理论计算进一步表明,在同一溶剂中,烯醇式构型是基态HPBI的主要存在形态,而在激发态时的结构,HPBI的烯醇式构型通过质子转移转化为酮式构型.此外,当溶液中碱达到一定浓度时,将在415 nm处产生一个酚氧负离子所发射的新荧光峰,TD B3LYP/6-311++G(d)的理论预测该发射峰的波长为409. 44 nm.     

乳清酸异构化反应的理论研究

乳清酸是配位化学中的优良配体．它的酮式和烯醇式互变异构体,以及其不对称结构,使其成为多用途的多齿有机配体．在B3LYP／6—311＋G＊高基组水平上,使用Gaussioan 98程序包对乳清酸的结构进行了全优化,以充分理解它的空间构型、异构化过程并获得一些有用参数．研究表明,空间位阻效应、氢键和共轭效应在维持乳清酸空间构型中发挥重要作用,并且异构体1a在能量上最稳定．对异构化过程的研究显示,质子转移过程的能垒相对较高,但顺反异构过程的能垒相对较低．IR光谱能够帮助我们区分不同的异构体和光谱实验中不同的振动模式．     

2-硫代巴比妥酸互变异构的理论计算

采用B3LYP/6-311G**方法对处于优势构象时的2-硫代巴比妥酸各互变异构体进行了几何全优化和频率计算,CPCM反应场溶剂模型用于水相的计算,得到它们的总能量、零点振动能和溶剂化能.计算结果表明,2-硫代巴比妥酸在气相中和水相中主要以(硫)酮式结构存在.采用相同方法计算并考察了(硫)醇式与(硫)酮式结构进行结构互变质子迁移有分子内质子迁移和水助质子迁移2种可能途径.计算结果表明,水助质子迁移所需要的活化能较小,氢键在降低反应活化能方面起着重要作用.     

2-(2,5-二羟基苯基)-4(3H)-喹唑啉酮质子转移及七元瓜环限制作用的理论研究

在B3LYP/6-311++G(d)和ONIOM(B3LYP/6-311++g(d):PM3)水平上,研究了2-(2,5-二羟基苯基)-4(3H)-喹唑啉酮(DHPQ)及其在七元瓜环(CB7)限制下的双质子转移过程,确定了DHPQ分子各互变异构体的结构、能量以及基态质子转移反应的过渡态.通过对结构变化和能量差异的分析,探讨了DHPQ中的双质子转移机理,考察了质子转移的纳米笼效应以及该笼效应对质子转移热力学性质的影响,同时研究纳米腔与DHPQ的几何匹配关系以及水溶剂对包合物质子转移的影响.计算结果表明:DHPQ是采取分步转移机理,纳米腔的限制对质子转移过程产生一个很大的能垒,抑制分子内质子转移过程,水溶剂的引入促进Path 2,抑制Path 1.     

无溶剂下微波辐射合成5-芳亚苄基硫代巴比妥酸

在无溶剂、无催化剂的微波反应条件下,由硫代巴比妥酸与芳香醛发生缩合反应制备了7种5 芳亚苄基硫代巴比妥酸,收率分别为:C6H5—88%,4 (CH3)2NC6H4—92%,4 ClC6H4—80%,4 HOC6H4—83%,3,4 (CH2O2)C6H3—96%,4 CH3OC6H4—87%,2,4 Cl2C6H3—78%.其产物结构通过1HNMR和IR得到了确认.     

氢键加强引起的链式激发态多质子转移的动力学研究进展

作为自然界中最广泛存在的基本反应过程之一,质子转移(proton transfer,PT)一直是动力学研究中的一个重要话题.而沿着一系列氢键进行的多质子转移过程,更是由于绿色荧光蛋白的发现及广泛应用,成为了近年来的热门课题.我们使用密度泛函理论(DFT)对新兴的链式激发态多质子转移过程进行了系统的理论研究.我们以赵广久与韩克利研究员建立的激发态氢键加强理论为基础,对6-hydroxyquinoline(6HQ)光酸分子及其阳离子形式6HQc的激发态质子转移反应,给出了新的解释及机理:(1)在一个体系中,氢键加强与氢键减弱可能会同时存在,归结其原因,主要取决于激发态分子的电荷再分布;(2)单个或者少数的水分子是很难从酸性分子上夺得质子的,只有当水分子形成更大的团簇(即氢键更多)时,其夺质子能力会大大加强;(3)链式激发态多质子转移(即多质子转移机理)并不单纯的是分步机理或者是协同机理,也有可能是分步与协同相结合的进行,是一种复杂多变的反应.     

FNCX(X=O,S)异构化反应的量子化学研究

采用MP2/6-311+ +G(2df)方法讨论了FNCX→FCNX(X=O,S)的异构化过程,优化得到了三元环过渡态的构型,讨论了异构化反应中反应物、过渡态、产物的构型、电子分布及能量等方面的变化.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with