东荣二矿煤自燃倾向性实验测试

采集东荣二矿17#煤层煤样,利用“XKⅢ型“煤低温自然发火实验台进行测试,模拟现场散热情况、漏风状况及浮煤厚度,依靠煤自身氧化放热升温,得出随煤温升高的耗氧速度、CO产生率、CO2产生率、放热强度、煤自燃极限参数等的变化规律,研究煤的低温氧化放热特性,预测煤的临界温度和干裂温度、实验最短自然发火期及自燃倾向性.实验表明:煤样起始温度为20℃时,最短自然发火期为46 d;临界温度为60～75℃、干裂温度为90～110℃、浮煤厚度小于0.7 m、下限氧浓度在60℃左右,浮煤不自燃.     

东滩煤矿3层煤自然发火特性的实验研究

结合东滩煤矿的现场实际,采用ZRM-15型煤自然发火实验装置对东滩矿煤样进行了历时78 d的煤自然发火实验,模拟了从常温至452.7℃煤自燃的全过程,掌握了煤自燃高温区域的发生、发展及其动态变化过程和指标气体体积浓度随温度的变化趋势。实验结果表明：实验装置内煤体高温点动态变化的总趋势是由煤体中上部向下部移动。氧化初期,距供风表面一定距离的炉体中上部温度变化较快;随着煤氧化时间加长,温度变化较快的区域不断向进风侧移动,高温点最终移至供风侧煤体表面,形成明火。     

煤低温自燃发火的热效应及热平衡测算法

煤在低温自燃发火过程中的热效应是多种多样的,但主要是煤与氧的化学反应热.通过装煤850kg的大型煤低温自燃发火实验台模拟煤自燃过程,根据实验台测定的温度场变化和传热学理论,推导出计算不同温度时松散煤体低温氧化放热强度的热平衡测算法.通过对不同煤样的自燃发火测试,利用该方法推算出不同的煤在相同温度下的放热强度,为煤自燃特性的定量分析及自燃发火预测提供了理论依据.图1,表1,参8.     

煤自燃性测试技术及数值分析

利用装煤量850kg的XK型煤自然发火实验台,真实地模拟了煤的自燃过程,根据实验测定的温度场和气体浓度场变化,结合流体力学和传热学理论,推算出不同温度时煤氧复合的耗氧速度,放热强度,为煤自燃性的定量分析及自然发火预测提供理论依据,并根据煤自身的氧化放热性能及其所处的蓄热环境,应用热平衡法推导出煤自燃极限参数的计算方法,为煤自燃预测及防治提供了量化的理论判据。     

煤自然发火过程温度、氧浓度的时空演化规律

为研究煤自然发火过程不同区域的动态发展规律,使用大型煤自然发火实验台测试松散煤体在恒风量条件下从常温至140℃的氧化过程,分析了温度、氧浓度在时间及空间上的变化规律。结果表明:松散煤体自燃过程温度随煤体高度的变化在不同温度阶段趋势差异较大,高温点由煤体中部位置向着进风侧方向移动;不同煤体高度温度与时间呈现指数增长,70℃前后煤体呈现缓慢和快速增长分阶段特性;松散煤体进风口和出气口两侧氧体积分数18%以上,温度超过70℃后,不同煤体高度的氧浓度随时间增长逐渐下降。     

地温对煤层自燃危险性的影响研究

研究了地温地煤层自燃危险性的影响,通过分析煤体氧化放热性,自燃蓄热条件和供氧条件与地温的关系,推导出煤温与砂氧速度和放热强度的关系式、热风压和升温必要条件的表达式,同时在煤自然发火实验台上进行了实验研究,研究结果表明,由于地温的作用,增强了煤体自身的氧化放热性能,同时改善了自然的蓄热条件和供氧条件,增大了煤体的自燃危险性,该项研究对于进一步完善自燃理论,以及促进煤层自燃防治技术的发展具有一定的实际     

姚桥矿煤最短自然发火期实验和数值分析

针对目前煤炭自然的严重情况，利用大型煤低温自然发火实验台，对煤自然特性参数进行了测定和计算，确定了煤的自然发火期、临界温度、气体产生率、放热强度和极限参数，为煤自然过程的研究和煤自然火灾的预测和防治打下了基础。实验中所得数据能够很好的满足现场要求，实验精度在90％以上。     

煤最短自然发火期灰色预测模型研究

根据不同煤层自然发火期实验测试结果和宏观可测定的、表征煤自身氧化放热性的常用指标，运用灰色系统理论，建立了确定蓄散热条件下的煤最短自然发火期GM(0，5)的灰色预测模型。该预测模型预测值与实际值平均相对误差为1．45％，最大相对误差为-21．27％，能真实地反映出煤层自燃性与煤的灰分、挥发分、硫分和含氧量等的影响关系，可定性用于煤自然发火期的预测。     

综放面采空区遗煤自燃危险区域判定方法的研究

根据大型煤自然发火实验测定的松散煤体放热强度和耗氧速率，通过测定采空区氧浓度分布状况，推断出采空区漏风强度分布规律。根据能量守恒原理，结合采空区实际的浮煤厚度、漏风强度和氧浓度的分布，提出了采空区遗煤自燃极限参数的计算方法，构建了煤自燃危险区域判定的必要条件，根据采空区氧化升温区的宽度和遗煤最短自然发火期，提出了能引起自烯的最小推进速度计算方法，从而构建自烯危险区域判定的充分条件，采用煤自然发火二维数学模型，推算出实际生产条件下采空区自燃危险区域的最短自然发火期。     

用于煤自然发火期预测的神经网络模型和实验技术

根据煤的硫分、灰分以及煤自燃过程中的耗氧速率、CO和CO2产生率等随温度变化的序列值与煤自然发火期之间存在的密切对应关系，建立了前向多层人工神经网络模型，用已有的煤自然发火实验数据对网络进行训练，得到了神经元间的联结强度，从而准确地表征这种对应关系．设计了一套油浴程序升温实验装置，确定了实验试管的尺寸和实验条件，从而能够准确测定煤自燃在不同温度下的耗氧速率及气体产生率．将煤样油浴程序升温实验数据及煤质分析数据代入人工神经网络，可算出煤的自然发火期．与煤自然发火实验相比，该方法测定煤样的自然发火期用煤量减少了99％以上，实验耗时缩短了90％以上，二者测试结果的偏差小于3d．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with