Stable dislocation configuration in the surface layer of metals

The stable dislocation configuration in the surface layer of metals was calculated according to dislo-cation energy theory. It was shown that the stable dislocation configuration was only influenced by Burger's vector, while dislocation line could fluctuate closely around the direction vertical to free sur-face in a limited range.     

12Cr1MoV耐热钢高温加热过程中位错组态的TEM研究

用透射电子显微镜(TEM)对12Cr1MoV珠光体耐热钢的位错组态和其他细节进行了观察和分析.结果表明,在12Cr1MoV正火后的高温回火和高温长时间加热过程中,12Cr1MoV中的相变位错首先发生部分回复,接着出现了位错胞结构,随后位错密度大大降低.最终,12Cr1MoV钢在高温时效后形成了低密度的线状位错组态,构成了比较稳定的位错网络.以上这些微结构变化伴随着材料力学性能的退化.     

Effect of dislocation configuration on non-equilibrium boron segregation during cooling

Different densities and configurations of crystal defects were obtained in an austenitic Fe-30%Ni alloy and an ultra low carbon bainitic (ULCB) alloy by undergoing different deformations and annealing treatments at high temperatures. Boron segregation on grain boundaries and subgrain boundaries during air-cooling were revealed by means of the particle tracking autoradiography technique. It is found that non-equilibrium segregation is resisted indeformed grains after recovery and polygonization, boron-depleted zones seem to be quite clear inrecrystallized grains than those in deformed original grains during cooling. Subgrain boundaries andpolygonized dislocation cells have a significant effect on non-equilibrium boron segregation duringthe air-cooling. The results implicates that dislocation configuration is a more important factor affecting boron segregation at grain boundaries rather that the density of defects itself in thegrain.     

Effect of dislocation structure evolution on low-angle grain boundary formation in 7050 aluminum alloy during aging

The effect of dislocation structure evolution on low-angle grain boundary formation in 7050 aluminum alloy during aging was studied by using optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and electron backscatter diffraction analysis of misorientation angle distribution, cumulative misorientation and geometrically necessary dislocation (GND) density. Experimental results indicate that coarse spindle-shaped grains with the dimension of 200 μm×80 μm separate into fine equiaxed grains of 20 μm in size as a result of newborn low-angle grain boundaries formed during the aging process. More specifically, the dislocation arrays, which are rearranged and formed due to scattered dislocations during earlier quenching, transform into low-angle grain boundaries with aging time. The relative frequency of 3°-5° low-angle grain boundaries increases to over 30%. The GND density, which describes low-angle grain boundaries with the misorientation angle under 3°, tends to decrease during initial aging. The inhomogeneous distribution of GNDs is affected by grain orientation. A decrease in GND density mainly occurs from 1.83×1013 to 4.40×1011 m-2 in grains with 〈111〉 fiber texture. This is consistent with a decrease of unit cumulative misorientation. Precipitation on grain boundaries and the formation of a precipitation free zone (PFZ) are facilitated due to the eroding activity of the Graff etchant. Consequently, low-angle grain boundaries could be readily viewed by optical microscopy due to an increase in their electric potential difference.     

高速旋转卡盘及工件刚度对动态夹紧力的影响

为解决高速车削对工件夹紧系统要求越来越高的问题,采用理论分析、有限元计算和实验研究相结合的方法定量分析了高速旋转卡盘和工件刚度对动态夹紧力的影响规律。研究表明:并非100%的卡爪离心力转化为卡盘的动态夹紧力损失,工件刚度越低,动态夹紧力损失越小。卡盘通过其径向刚度和弯曲刚度综合影响动态夹紧力变化,高的卡盘单元径向刚度对降低动态夹紧力损失有利;在较大工件刚度时,采用较低的卡盘弯曲刚度有助于降低动态夹紧力损失。该文的计算模型具有较高的精度,对提高高速车削过程安全性并充分发挥卡盘的高速潜能以及高速卡盘的优化设计与应用具有重要意义。     

高速旋转卡盘及工件刚度对动态夹紧力的影响

为解决高速车削对工件夹紧系统要求越来越高的问题,采用理论分析、有限元计算和实验研究相结合的方法定量分析了高速旋转卡盘和工件刚度对动态夹紧力的影响规律。研究表明:并非100%的卡爪离心力转化为卡盘的动态夹紧力损失,工件刚度越低,动态夹紧力损失越小。卡盘通过其径向刚度和弯曲刚度综合影响动态夹紧力变化,高的卡盘单元径向刚度对降低动态夹紧力损失有利;在工件刚度较大时,采用较低的卡盘弯曲刚度有助于降低动态夹紧力损失。该文的计算模型具有较高的精度,对提高高速车削过程的安全性并充分发挥卡盘的高速潜能以及高速卡盘的优化设计与应用具有重要意义。     

高纯铝的电化学抛光工艺研究

本文研究了高氯酸/乙醇抛光液体系在15V安全电压下高纯铝的抛光工艺以及抛光过程的电流密度,并对＂暗色膜＂现象进行了解释,对抛光电极间距、操作温度对抛光效果的影响进行探讨,得出最佳抛光工艺：电极间距7～8cm,操作温度10～15℃,电流密度0.7～0.8A/m~2,抛光时间3min。     

向错强度与阻尼系数对纳米晶材料小角度晶界湮没的影响

[目的]研究一维纳米晶材料演化过程中的小角度晶界湮没过程,探究向错强度与阻尼系数对位错湮没的影响。[方法]建立位错运动方程,计算模拟小角度晶界的晶格位错在外应力作用下发生的变化。[结果]随着切应力增加,晶界由过阻尼运动变为无穷远的单向运动,向错强度越大晶界越难以湮没,并且晶界位错由同时湮没转变为两端先湮没,中心后湮没;阻尼系数越大,湮没临界切应力越大,但到达一定值时,阻尼系数不再影响临界值。[结论]晶界湮没存在临界切应力,向错强度主要影响临界切应力,阻尼系数主要影响位错初始速度和运动停止时间。     

圆锥形图形化蓝宝石衬底对MOCVD生长GaN外延膜的位错密度和应力应变影响

通过金属氧化物化学气相沉积（MOCVD）方法在2．5μm×1．6μm×0．5μm圆锥形图形化蓝宝石衬底（CPSS）和没有图形化平面蓝宝石衬底（uss）上生长GaN外延膜．高分辨率X射线衍射仪（HRXRD）测试结果表明,生长在CPSS上GaN的刃位错的密度比生长在USS上GaN的刃位错密度低得多;从透射电子显微镜（TEM）观察,CPSS可有效地减小GaN外延膜中的线位错密度;拉曼散射谱显示通过CPSS可有效地减小GaN外延膜中的残余应力;比较两种外延膜中的光致发光谱（PL）,能从生长在CPSS上GaN外延膜中观察到强而尖的带边发射．以上结果表明：生长在CPSS上GaN外延膜的质量高于生长在USS上GaN外延膜的质量．     

微细电火花加工微孔时加工作用力影响

在用微细电火花加工大深径比微孔的过程中发现,相同加工条件下工具电极越长则加工孔径越大.为了解释这一现象,采用经典Bernoulli-Euler杆件理论,针对加工作用力对电极变形影响的3种情况,对工具电极的变形量进行了求解,结果表明计算值与实验结果非常接近,从理论上揭示了加工作用力对微孔加工过程的影响.加工中随电极长度的增加,加工作用力使其弯曲变形随之增大,从而导致同一直径的电极在长度不同时加工出的孔径不等.