An efficient scheme for multi-party quantum state sharing via non-maximally entangled states

We present a new scheme for investigating the usefulness of non-maximally entangled states for multi-party quantum state shar-ing in a simple and elegant manner.In our scheme,the sender,Alice shares n various probabilistic channels composed of non-maximally entangled states with n agents in a network.Our protocol involves only Bell-basis measurements,single qubit measurements,and a two-qubit unitary transformation operated by free optional agents.Our scheme is a more convenient realiza-tion because no other multipartite joint measurements are needed.Furthermore,in our scheme various probabilistic channels lessen the requirement for quantum channels,which makes it more practical for physical implementation.     

利用四粒子纠缠态实现的两量子位一般态的概率隐形传态

提出了以四粒子部分纠缠态作为量子信道的两量子位一般态的概率隐形传输方案,它通过联合么正变换和引入辅助量子位的方法来实现.     

施密特分解的三粒子态的概率隐形传输

提出了当量子信道为非最大纠缠态时的施密特分解的三粒子态的概率隐形传输,通过引入辅助粒子和进行联合么正变换,隐形传输以一定概率实现.     

量子信息的几率删除

通过一个幺正变换U和一个测量过程M,对于从一个量子态集合{|ψ₁〉, |ψ₂〉}中随机选出的两个非正交态,实现几率删除的方案。比较了量子删除和量子克隆物理过程的差异及其效率。     

二粒态的概率隐形传态

量子隐形传态是量子信息学的一个重要组成部分,本文提出一个利用两个三粒子纠缠态作为信道的量子隐形传态方案,方案中一个两粒子态将被概率的传输。     

四粒子纠缠W态的概率隐形传输

提出利用2个二粒子部分纠缠态作为量子信道,实现四粒子纠缠W态的概率隐形传输方案.发送者做3次幺正变换和2次Bell基测量,然后接收者通过引入辅助粒子并做适当的幺正变换,就能以一定的概率完成四粒子纠缠W态的隐形传输.     

二能级三粒子一般态的概率传输

研究了用六粒子的非最大纠缠纯态传输二能级三粒子的一般态.传输方案没有利用Bell基测量,而是利用幺正变换和局域进行了测量.在经典通讯的帮助下,通过做适当的幺正变换和对辅助量子位的测量,这个三粒子一般态可以一定的成功概率从发送者处传输到接收者处.     

二能级二粒子一般态的概率传输

研究了用4个粒子的非最大纠缠纯态传输二能级二粒子的一般态。传输方案没有利用Bell基测量，而是利用么正变换和局域进行了测量。在经典通讯的帮助下，通过做适当的么正变换和对辅助量子位的测量，这个二粒子一般态可以一定的成功几率从发送者处传输到接收者处。     

Long-distance quantum communication with atomic ensembles and linear optics.

Quantum communication holds promise for absolutely secure transmission of secret messages and the faithful transfer of unknown quantum states. Photonic channels appear to be very attractive for the physical implementation of quantum communication. However, owing to losses and decoherence in the channel, the communication fidelity decreases exponentially with the channel length. Here we describe a scheme that allows the implementation of robust quantum communication over long lossy channels. The scheme involves laser manipulation of atomic ensembles, beam splitters, and single-photon detectors with moderate efficiencies, and is therefore compatible with current experimental technology. We show that the communication efficiency scales polynomially with the channel length, and hence the scheme should be operable over very long distances.     

Deterministic Teleportation of an Arbitrary Two-Qubit State Via a One-Dimensional Four-Qubit Cluster State

This paper presents an approach to deterministically teleport an arbitrary two-qubit state through a one-dimensional four-qubit cluster state serving as a probabilistic quantum channel. The channel is modulated in advance to avoid damage to the original states in this scheme, which is caused by the inevitable failure of constructing a channel between the sender and the receiver. The scheme is flexible because the channel can be modulated either by the sender or by the receiver, with the option of deciding whether the sender or the receiver modulates the channel, according to the distribution of the available particle resources. The efficiency can be improved by reusing previously discarded results that may lead to a faithful channel. The scheme can be uniformly performed, so the design process can be greatly simplified to realize a reliable deterministic teleportation. Finally, the scheme is extended to deterministic teleportation of an arbitrary n-qubit state in a generalized form.     

利用部分纠缠的量子信道确定性地实现N→1和1→N的受控量子远程旋转

提出利用部分纠缠的量子信道确定性地实现多个发送者1个接受者和1个发送者多个接受者的受控量子远程旋转方案.首先考虑利用两个(N?M?1)粒子部分纠缠的Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger(GHZ)态确定性地实现N个发送者在M个监控者的控制下确定性地将她们的旋转分别传给远处接受者的操作(N→1).然后考虑在一个(2K?M?1)粒子部分纠缠的Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen(EPR)-GHZ态或K个(M+2)粒子部分纠缠的GHZ态辅助下,发送者随意地将她的旋转分为N份(NK)并在M个监控者的控制下确定性地将它们分别传给远处N个接受者的操作(1→N).方案中,量子旋转的发送者或接受者或监控者的正定算符值测量(POVM)起着关键作用,我们给出了它们的数学表式.值得注意的是,用非理想的量子信道可确定性地实现N→1或1→N的量子远程旋转.这些方案可用于量子秘密共享,量子选举等,它们具极强的保密性.     

High-speed linear optics quantum computing using active feed-forward

As information carriers in quantum computing, photonic qubits have the advantage of undergoing negligible decoherence. However, the absence of any significant photon-photon interaction is problematic for the realization of non-trivial two-qubit gates. One solution is to introduce an effective nonlinearity by measurements resulting in probabilistic gate operations. In one-way quantum computation, the random quantum measurement error can be overcome by applying a feed-forward technique, such that the future measurement basis depends on earlier measurement results. This technique is crucial for achieving deterministic quantum computation once a cluster state (the highly entangled multiparticle state on which one-way quantum computation is based) is prepared. Here we realize a concatenated scheme of measurement and active feed-forward in a one-way quantum computing experiment. We demonstrate that, for a perfect cluster state and no photon loss, our quantum computation scheme would operate with good fidelity and that our feed-forward components function with very high speed and low error for detected photons. With present technology, the individual computational step (in our case the individual feed-forward cycle) can be operated in less than 150 ns using electro-optical modulators. This is an important result for the future development of one-way quantum computers, whose large-scale implementation will depend on advances in the production and detection of the required highly entangled cluster states.     

量子通信中的量子加密网络

对量子密钥分发协议进行了研究，利用点－点量子密钥分发协议的基础上，基于传统密钥托管方案，推广到多点之间（即在网络环境下）的密钥分发协议，提出了多用户、多控制中心网络环境下量子密钥分发过程的实现方法。各中心节点只起到密钥存储、Bell基联合测量、对密钥进行接力传送的作用，密钥是动态产生的，各中心并不知道最终生成的密钥。     

三粒子W纠缠态的概率量子隐形传态

提出一个对未知三粒子W纠缠态的量子隐形传态方案.该方案用一个非最大GHZ纠缠态和一个非最大EPR纠缠态作为量子信道实现对未知经典W纠缠态的概率量子隐形传态和对未知一般W纠缠态受控的概率量子隐形传态.     

Entanglement of single-atom quantum bits at a distance

Quantum information science involves the storage, manipulation and communication of information encoded in quantum systems, where the phenomena of superposition and entanglement can provide enhancements over what is possible classically. Large-scale quantum information processors require stable and addressable quantum memories, usually in the form of fixed quantum bits (qubits), and a means of transferring and entangling the quantum information between memories that may be separated by macroscopic or even geographic distances. Atomic systems are excellent quantum memories, because appropriate internal electronic states can coherently store qubits over very long timescales. Photons, on the other hand, are the natural platform for the distribution of quantum information between remote qubits, given their ability to traverse large distances with little perturbation. Recently, there has been considerable progress in coupling small samples of atomic gases through photonic channels, including the entanglement between light and atoms and the observation of entanglement signatures between remotely located atomic ensembles. In contrast to atomic ensembles, single-atom quantum memories allow the implementation of conditional quantum gates through photonic channels, a key requirement for quantum computing. Along these lines, individual atoms have been coupled to photons in cavities, and trapped atoms have been linked to emitted photons in free space. Here we demonstrate the entanglement of two fixed single-atom quantum memories separated by one metre. Two remotely located trapped atomic ions each emit a single photon, and the interference and detection of these photons signals the entanglement of the atomic qubits. We characterize the entangled pair by directly measuring qubit correlations with near-perfect detection efficiency. Although this entanglement method is probabilistic, it is still in principle useful for subsequent quantum operations and scalable quantum information applications.     

远程制备多粒子纠缠态优化方案

提出了一个较好的远程制备多粒子的纠缠态的方案,先讨论用(N+1)粒子的纠缠态作为量子通信信道制备2N粒子的纠缠态.然后在研究用一个(N+1)粒子的纠缠态和一个(N+2)粒子的纠缠态作为量子通信信道制备(2N+1)粒子的纠缠态.与现在已有人提出的制备多粒子的纠缠态的方案相比,这个方案的优点是仅花费了两位经典位和只有一次两粒子的投影测量.     

利用三粒子GHZ态实现令牌环量子隐形传态网络

研究了三纠缠粒子量子隐形传态网络的物理基础,得到了基于三粒子GHZ态下隐形传态的幺正变换矩阵,设计了一个基于三纠缠粒子的令牌环量子隐形传态网络,给出了一个基于该网络的通信方案.笔者设计的网络中的各站点可实现任意站点间的量子通信,其监控站还可对整个网络的通信情况进行监控和计费管理.     

Entanglement of spin waves among four quantum memories

Quantum networks are composed of quantum nodes that interact coherently through quantum channels, and open a broad frontier of scientific opportunities. For example, a quantum network can serve as a 'web' for connecting quantum processors for computation and communication, or as a 'simulator' allowing investigations of quantum critical phenomena arising from interactions among the nodes mediated by the channels. The physical realization of quantum networks generically requires dynamical systems capable of generating and storing entangled states among multiple quantum memories, and efficiently transferring stored entanglement into quantum channels for distribution across the network. Although such capabilities have been demonstrated for diverse bipartite systems, entangled states have not been achieved for interconnects capable of 'mapping' multipartite entanglement stored in quantum memories to quantum channels. Here we demonstrate measurement-induced entanglement stored in four atomic memories; user-controlled, coherent transfer of the atomic entanglement to four photonic channels; and characterization of the full quadripartite entanglement using quantum uncertainty relations. Our work therefore constitutes an advance in the distribution of multipartite entanglement across quantum networks. We also show that our entanglement verification method is suitable for studying the entanglement order of condensed-matter systems in thermal equilibrium.     

Efficient quantum computing using coherent photon conversion

Single photons are excellent quantum information carriers: they were used in the earliest demonstrations of entanglement and in the production of the highest-quality entanglement reported so far. However, current schemes for preparing, processing and measuring them are inefficient. For example, down-conversion provides heralded, but randomly timed, single photons, and linear optics gates are inherently probabilistic. Here we introduce a deterministic process--coherent photon conversion (CPC)--that provides a new way to generate and process complex, multiquanta states for photonic quantum information applications. The technique uses classically pumped nonlinearities to induce coherent oscillations between orthogonal states of multiple quantum excitations. One example of CPC, based on a pumped four-wave-mixing interaction, is shown to yield a single, versatile process that provides a full set of photonic quantum processing tools. This set satisfies the DiVincenzo criteria for a scalable quantum computing architecture, including deterministic multiqubit entanglement gates (based on a novel form of photon-photon interaction), high-quality heralded single- and multiphoton states free from higher-order imperfections, and robust, high-efficiency detection. It can also be used to produce heralded multiphoton entanglement, create optically switchable quantum circuits and implement an improved form of down-conversion with reduced higher-order effects. Such tools are valuable building blocks for many quantum-enabled technologies. Finally, using photonic crystal fibres we experimentally demonstrate quantum correlations arising from a four-colour nonlinear process suitable for CPC and use these measurements to study the feasibility of reaching the deterministic regime with current technology. Our scheme, which is based on interacting bosonic fields, is not restricted to optical systems but could also be implemented in optomechanical, electromechanical and superconducting systems with extremely strong intrinsic nonlinearities. Furthermore, exploiting higher-order nonlinearities with multiple pump fields yields a mechanism for multiparty mediation of the complex, coherent dynamics.     

Digital Multi-Signature Based on the Controlled Quantum Teleportation

In this paper, a scheme which can be used in multi-user quantum digital signature is proposed. The scheme of signature and verification is based on the characters of GHZ （Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger） states and controlled quantum teleportation. Different from the digital signatures based on computational complexity, this scheme is unconditional secure, and compared to the former presented quantum signature scheme, it does not rely on an arbitrator to verify the signature and realize a message can be signed by multi-user together.