LDCT法气液两相流传递特性研究

用极限扩散电流技术（LDCT）对竖直管内的液体单相流与气液两相流的传质特性进行了测量，经三传类比由测量结果获得了传热特性．实验在一内径为18mm的垂直有机玻璃管内进行，实验液体为K3Fe（CN）6-K4Fe（CN）6-NaOH溶液，气体为空气．实验结果与Dittus-Boelter式的计算值及两相流传热的文献值吻合较好．实验中对气液两相流瞬时极限电流信号进行了测量与分析，采用小波分析法对瞬时极限电流波动信号进行了6尺度分解与重构，深入认识了气液两相流的传递过程．对上升管中气弹运动对传热传质的影响提出了假设.     

湍流分离流中颗粒的扩散机制

后台阶流动包含分离流重要的流动特性, 采取欧拉-拉格朗日耦合算法对后台阶分离流动中颗粒扩散运动进行数值研究. 气相场采取大涡模拟方法, 亚格子模式基于标准的Smagorinsky 模式, 颗粒相运动采取轨道法模拟. 计算所得气相的流向平均速度和平均脉动速度与实验结果吻合较好, 验证了模型和方法的正确性. 基于此, 数值分析后台阶两相流动的特性以及流场涡结构的发展和演化过程. 结果表明: 两相流中颗粒的扩散特性既受到颗粒粒径的影响, 又与颗粒和涡结构的相互作用时间有关. 后台阶流场中增加结构物时, 流场涡结构发生变化, 即与扰动源保持一定距离后, 涡数量增多, 流场中颗粒分布不均匀, 较多颗粒聚集在涡的外缘.     

推流式反应器系统中的非线性反应扩散方程

自上世纪初污水生物处理技术出现以来,应用附着微生物的生物膜反应器就一直发挥着不可忽视的作用.连续搅拌釜式反应器与推流式反应器是较为常见的两类生物膜反应器,真实反应器往往介于这两类反应器之间.对推流式反应器,现有的分析大都假设其内部沿反应器长度的径向任一点的流速     

Coherent branched flow in a two-dimensional electron gas

Semiconductor nanostructures based on two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs) could form the basis of future devices for sensing, information processing and quantum computation. Although electron transport in 2DEG nanostructures has been well studied, and many remarkable phenomena have already been discovered (for example, weak localization, quantum chaos, universal conductance fluctuations), fundamental aspects of the electron flow through these structures have so far not been clarified. However, it has recently become possible to image current directly through 2DEG devices using scanning probe microscope techniques. Here, we use such a technique to observe electron flow through a narrow constriction in a 2DEG-a quantum point contact. The images show that the electron flow from the point contact forms narrow, branching strands instead of smoothly spreading fans. Our theoretical study of this flow indicates that this branching of current flux is due to focusing of the electron paths by ripples in the background potential. The strands are decorated by interference fringes separated by half the Fermi wavelength, indicating the persistence of quantum mechanical phase coherence in the electron flow. These findings may have important implications for a better understanding of electron transport in 2DEGs and for the design of future nanostructure devices.     

输油管道内油流带电电流的计算

通过对紊流扩散系数和轴向流速的合理简化,推导出电荷守恒方程的近似解析解和冲流电流计算公式.该计算公式具有广泛的适用范围,不仅考虑了流体速度、油品电导率和温度对流动带电的影响,而且借助两个被引入的修正量,考虑了管壁粗糙度、油品老化和固/液界面的电化学反应性质等难以量化的因素对流动带电的影响.利用相关文献提供的试验数据对推导的冲流电流计算公式进行验证.结果表明,计算公式能准确预测冲流电流的大小.从而为管道油流带电虽的计算提供了一种方便可靠的手段.     

一类污染环境下具有扩散和年龄结构的随机单种群系统分析

建立并研究了一类污染环境下具有扩散和年龄结构的随机单种群动力系统,在Hilbert空间中,通过应用It(^overo)公式证明了随机种群系统强解的存在唯一性。加入毒素对种群的影响,推广了一般的具有年龄结构和扩散的随机生物种群模型。     

cGMP-dependent protein kinase enhances Ca2+ current and potentiates the serotonin-induced Ca2+ current increase in snail neurones

Protein phosphorylation catalysed by cyclic AMP-dependent, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent and Ca2+/diacylglycerol-dependent protein kinases is important both in the modulation of synaptic transmission and in the regulation of neuronal membrane permeability (for reviews see refs 5-7). However, there has previously been no evidence for the involvement of cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase (cGMP-PK) in the regulation of neuronal function. Serotonin induces an increase of Ca2+ current in a group of identified ventral neurones of the snail Helix aspersa. This effect is probably mediated by cGMP because it is mimicked by the intracellular injection of cGMP or the application of zaprinast, an inhibitor of cGMP-dependent phosphodiesterase. We have now found that the effect of either serotonin or zaprinast on the Ca2+ current is potentiated by the intracellular injection of cGMP-PK. Moreover, the intracellular injection of activated cGMP-PK (cGMP-PK + 1 microM cGMP) greatly enhances the Ca2+ current of the identified ventral neurones seen in the absence of serotonin. These results indicate that cGMP-PK has a physiological role in the control of the membrane permeability of these neurones.     

Experimental observation of spontaneous chaotic current oscillations in GaAs/Al0.45Ga0.55As superlattices at room temperature

Spontaneous self-sustained chaotic current oscillations are observed experimentally in lightly-doped weakly-coupled GaAs/Al0.45Ga0.55As superlattices at room temperature for the first time.The mole fraction of Aluminum in the barrier is chosen to be 0.45 to suppress the thermal carrier leakage through the X-band valley,The effective nonlinearity induced by the sequential well-to-well resonant tunneling can still be strong enough to induce spontaneous chaotic current oscillations even at room temperature,The frequency spectrum of the chaotic current oscillations is ranged from DC to 4 GHz,which can be used as ultra-wide-band noise sources with a bandwidth of several Giga Hertz.     

单相流体在锅炉并联管组中流量分配规律研究

本文首先对单相流体在并联管组中流量分配研究的重要性作了论述，综合评述了国内外在单相流体流量分配方面的研究工作，在此基础上，结合我国大容量锅炉的运行现状，提出了进一步研究流量分配问题的意见．     

一类可测空间中随机扩散过程测度的绝对连续性与等价性

以随机过程理论为工具讨论了一类可测空间中随机扩散过程测度μξ与μＷ的绝对连续性与等价性，导出了若干满意论断与重要结果，从而可为解决未知参数估计的某些问题（如序贯估计）提供理论依据与方法．     

β-Adrenergic activation enhances NMDA-induced current in pyramidal cells of the basolateral nucleus of amygdala

NMDA receptor （NMDA-R） in the amygdala complex is critical for both long-term potentiation （LTP） and formation of conditioned fear memory. It is reported that activation of β-adrenoceptors （β-AR） in the amygdala facilitates LTP and enhances memory consolidation. The present study examined the regulatory effect of β-AR activation on NMDA-R mediated current in pyramidal cells of the basolateral nucleus of amygdala （BLA）, using whole-cell recording technique. Bath application of the β-AR agonist isoproterenol enhanced NMDA-induced current, and this facilitatory effect was blocked by co-administered propranolol, a β-AR antagonist. The facilitatory effect of isoproterenol on NMDA-induced current could not be induced when the protein kinase A （PKA） inhibitor Rp-cAMPs was added in electrode internal solution.The present results suggest that β-AR activation in the BLA could modulate NMDA-R activity directly and positively, probably via PKA.     

长江口北槽丁坝坝田区潮流及污染物迁移扩散特征

为研究长江口深水航道北槽坝田水流结构,基于非结构网格FVM法,建立了长江口大范围二维潮流水质耦合数学模型,在数学模型验证良好的基础上,对北槽涨落潮水流结构及坝田污染物扩散进行了研究。结果表明,北槽中上段北坝田高潮位明显高于主槽,北槽下段,高潮位与主槽相近;南坝田高潮位大都高于主槽,南北坝田低潮位与主槽相近;坝田污染物落潮时释放扩散速度较快,南侧坝田污染物扩散速度比北坝田快,大潮坝田污染物扩散速度比小潮快,坝田外部污染物扩散速度比坝田内部快;坝田释放污染源后,污染物随涨落潮流在坝田与主槽内运动,短时间内污染物进入航道的量较少。     

Strongly linked current flow in polycrystalline forms of the superconductor MgB2

The discovery of superconductivity at 39 K in magnesium diboride, MgB2, raises many issues, a critical one being whether this material resembles a high-temperature copper oxide superconductor or a low-temperature metallic superconductor in terms of its behaviour in strong magnetic fields. Although the copper oxides exhibit very high transition temperatures, their in-field performance is compromized by their large anisotropy, the result of which is to restrict high bulk current densities to a region much less than the full magnetic-field-temperature (H-T) space over which superconductivity is found. Moreover, the weak coupling across grain boundaries makes transport current densities in untextured polycrystalline samples low and strongly sensitive to magnetic field. Here we report that, despite the multiphase, untextured, microscale, subdivided nature of our MgB2 samples, supercurrents flow throughout the material without exhibiting strong sensitivity to weak magnetic fields. Our combined magnetization, magneto-optical, microscopy and X-ray investigations show that the supercurrent density is mostly determined by flux pinning, rather than by the grain boundary connectivity. Our results therefore suggest that this new superconductor class is not compromized by weak-link problems, a conclusion of significance for practical applications if higher temperature analogues of this compound can be discovered.     

弯管中的气液两相流水击现象

以 90°弯管为研究对象 ,对气液两相流水击压力波在弯管中的传播和衰减规律进行了实验研究 .实验弯管采用曲率半径与管径比R /d分别为 1.9,2 .5 ,3.2 ,3.8;含气率范围为 0～ 1.7% ;表观液速为 0 .2 3～ 1.6 4m/s .得出了弯管中内外两侧不同部位水击压力及其随含气率、流速变化的规律 .压力波在弯管中的传播与在直管中差异很大 ,弯管外侧压力明显大于内侧 ,在弯管出口与入口直管段处两侧压力相同 ,形成压力环 .压力环形状受含气率影响最大、表观液速次之、曲率半径影响最小 .经过弯管后水击压力有不同程度的衰减 .随着气含率的增加 ,压力衰减加快     

直方槽道内两相流动中颗粒的趋壁行为

采用大涡模拟方法研究上行直方槽道中的气粒两相流动过程。模拟结果表明:在流向横截面上气相流动存在明显的二次流现象,预报的气相平均速度与直接数值模拟DN S的结果相吻合。受气相二次流的作用,颗粒在垂直于流动方向存在扩散。模拟了入口横截面上4个典型位置上颗粒的横向扩散,结果表明在直方槽道中心附近的颗粒基本不扩散,而在壁面附近的颗粒存在不同程度的趋壁行为。对颗粒的趋壁速率进行统计发现,颗粒的趋壁速率随粒径的增大而减小,且颗粒的趋壁行为导致颗粒在槽道壁面附近及边角区富集。     

直方槽道内两相流动中颗粒的趋壁行为

采用大涡模拟方法研究了上行直方槽道中的气粒两相流动过程,模拟结果表明在流向横截面上气相流动存在明显的二次流现象,预报的气相平均速度与直接数值模拟DNS的结果相吻合。受气相二次流的作用,颗粒在垂直于流动方向存在扩散。模拟了入口横截面上4个典型位置上颗粒的横向扩散,结果表明在直方槽道中心附近的颗粒基本不扩散,而在壁面附近的颗粒存在不同程度的趋壁行为。对颗粒的趋壁速率进行统计发现颗粒的趋壁速率随粒径的增大而减小,且颗粒的趋壁行为导致颗粒在槽道壁面附近及边角区富集。