交联壳聚糖在化学形态分析中的应用

简要介绍了近年来汞、铬、硒、锡和锑的化学形态分析进展，并详尽介绍了一种新的选择性富集分离试剂——交联壳聚糖在化学形态分析中的应用情况，综述了交联壳聚糖及其衍生物在化学形态分析中的广泛应用．     

联用技术在砷形态分析中的应用进展

综述了高效液相色谱与原子吸收光谱、原子发射光谱、原子荧光光谱和电感耦合等离子质谱等联用技术以及毛细管电泳原子荧光光谱联用技术在砷形态分析中的应用研究新进展,并对砷形态分析中的样品贮存、前处理技术进行了总结和评述。     

交联改性壳聚糖在棉织物活性染料染色中的应用

采用交联改性降解壳聚糖对棉织物进行接枝改性,考察壳聚糖接枝改性对棉织物雷马素活性染料染色性能的影响.结果表明:棉织物经壳聚糖改性后,增加了织物表面对染料阴离子的亲和力和固着力,上染率和K/S值都有所提升,其固色率也有很大提高,均达80%以上;经雷马素红RR和雷马素黄RR染色后,改性棉织物的干、湿摩擦牢度和耐皂洗褪色同未改性棉织物一样,分别为4、3~4和4级,耐皂洗沾色降低半级,为3~4级.用雷马素蓝RR染色后,改性棉织物干摩擦牢度提高半级,达4级,湿摩擦牢度和耐皂洗等级同未改性棉织物一样,分别为3~4和4级.     

砷化学形态分析研究进展

文章总结了近年来砷形态和痕量分析研究进展，包括分离、测定方法的进展情况。     

交联黄原酸壳聚糖的制备及性能

以壳聚糖为原料,制备出交联黄原酸壳聚糖。考察pH值、温度、时间、Pb⁽²⁺⁾初始浓度等因素对吸附性能的影响。实验研究表明:在铅离子初始浓度为3.0 mmol/L,pH=5,25℃吸附100 min的条件下,改性壳聚糖对铅离子的吸附效果最佳。该研究可为废水处理提供新思路。     

交联壳聚糖的合成及其对重金属离子吸附的研究进展

壳聚糖是一种天然高分子,分子中含有大量的氨基和羟基,对金属离子有很好的吸附能力。通过交联改性的方法可以提高壳聚糖的物理、化学性质。从直接交联、交联中进行化学修饰、分子印迹法交联3个方面简要介绍了交联壳聚糖的合成和对重金属离子吸附的研究进展。     

模板交联壳聚糖对模拟三价核素吸附性能研究

文章以钕离子为模板、戊二醛为交联剂,合成了钕模板交联壳聚糖;考察了pH值、吸附时间、Nd(Ⅲ)初始质量浓度对钕模板交联壳聚糖吸附性能的影响,得到钕模板交联壳聚糖吸附Nd(Ⅲ)的最佳条件为:pH值为6～8,Nd(Ⅲ)的质量浓度为57.14 mg/L,吸附时间为2h.在此条件下模板交联壳聚糖对Nd(Ⅲ)的吸附容量为41.0...     

藻类中砷的形态分析研究

采用原子荧光光谱法,研究了藻类中砷的形态分析,测定3种藻类中的有机砷和无机砷。在选定的试验条件下,方法检出限为0.01 mg/kg和0.04 mg/kg;进行3种藻类样品的测定,相对标准偏差为1.32%～4.65%、2.78%～6.15%,加标回收率为83.85%～100.58%、78.12%～111.18%。样品处理简便快速,线性范围宽,基体干扰小,精密度、准确性均能满足藻类中的形态分析。     

砷在环境中的存在形态

前言利用砷及其化合物作为杀虫剂和杀菌剂已有悠久的历史,尤其是我国,使用历史更久远。环境砷污染对人体产生种种危害,甚至中毒死亡,已多有报导,砷及其化合物可致皮肤癌也早有报导。但是另一方面,如果均匀饮用极微量的砷,可使人强健身体,使妇女的肌肤更加光润鲜嫩。用砷作为治疗药物也有悠久历史。如治疗牛皮癣等,砷的有机化     

环氧丙基杯[6]冠醚接枝壳聚糖的合成与吸附性能研究

通过具有稳定杯式构象的环氧丙基杯[6] 1,4 冠4与壳聚糖发生接枝交联反应,合成了新型杯[6]冠醚接枝壳聚糖衍生物.研究了其对阳离子的吸附性能后发现,与没有稳定构象的杯[6]芳烃接枝壳聚糖衍生物相比,具有稳定杯式构象的杯[6]芳烃壳聚糖对离子的选择性吸附性能大为提高,尤其是对Na 和Ag 表现出较好的选择性吸附能力.     

Applications of crown ether cross-linked chitosan for the analysis of lead and cadmium in environmental water samples

A new type of crown ether cross-linked chitosan was synthesized by the reaction of chitosan with 4,4′-dibromodibenzo-18-crown-6 (Br-DBC). Its token structure was analyzed with FT-IR and NMR and the adsorption behaviors for lead and cadmium in environmental water samples by FAAS were studied. In addition the best analysis conditions were discussed and the adsorption mechanism was explained. As the enrichment factor is above 100, both recoveries are 94%–106%, the detection limits of lead and cadmium are 0.5μg·L⁻¹ and 0.04 μg·L⁻¹ and the relatively standard deviations of lead and cadmium are 3.1% and 2.8% respectively, this new method was successfully applied to the determination of environmental water samples. This method is fast and simple and it greatly enhances the determination ability of FAAS for lead and cadmium. Foundation item: Supported by the State Education Committee Doctoral Foundation (No. 2000048615) Biography: Tang Yu-rong(1943-), female, Associate professor, research direction: trace elements analysis.     

砷矿区受污染土壤中As赋存形态分析

对云南省楚雄州某废弃砷矿区的土壤采取4个样品进行分析,采用BCR法对该矿区土壤中砷的弱酸提取态、可还原态和可氧化态、总态4种存在形态进行提取研究.结果表明该砷矿区土壤重金属最大含量达465.125 5 mg/kg,从砷的存在形态来看,主要以残渣态砷为主,含量达280.2 mg/kg,占到砷含量的67.11%.该矿区土壤已经受到严重污染,且以残渣态砷为主,属于难处理废物,对当地的水环境和土壤健康存在环境风险.     

Recent advances in speciation analysis of mercury, arsenic and selenium

Mercury(Hg),arsenic(As) and selenium(Se) are ubiquitous in the environment and exist in a variety of species,which have great influence on their transport,bioaccumulation and toxicity.This review presents the recent research progress in speciation analysis of Hg,As,and Se,with emphasis on enhanced cold vapor generation as interface for liquid chromatography and atomic spectrometry,speciation of volatile species in gas phase,and isotope dilution technique to improve the precision and accuracy of speciation.Hyphenated techniques to characterize the complexes of Hg and As with phytochelatins and chromatographic separation coupled with multi-collector-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to measure species-specific isotopic ratios,are also briefly discussed.     

氮杂冠醚的合成

报道了在酸性条件下,以丙酮和吡咯为原料合成大环氮杂冠醚--卟吩环的合成方法,反应时间为7 d,催化剂用甲磺酸,反应温度控制在5 ℃时,产率可达82%.     

Laser photolysis of indolinospirobenzopyran bearing crown ether moity

The photochromic reaction of the indolinospirobenzopyran possessing a monoaza-benzo-15-C-5 at the 1′-position with or without alkali-metal cation as studied using nanosecond laser photolysis technique. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Special Funds of the State Education Committee for Doctorate Scientific Research Wu Xinyan: born in March, 1971, Ph. D. graduate student     

含脲官能团的新型二茂铁开链冠醚受体的合成

以1,1’-二茂铁二甲酰氯为原料,合成了含脲官能团的新型二茂铁开链冠醚受体,并通过IR,^1H NMR等手段对其进行了表征。     

肉桂醛交联壳聚糖微球的制备及对川陈皮素的控释研究

川陈皮素(Nobiletin)是存在于柑橘皮中的一类多甲氧基黄酮(Polymethoxyflavones,PMFs),具有抗炎、抗肿瘤、改善肥胖和胰岛素抗性作用.但川陈皮素的低水溶性和高结晶性导致其生物可利用率低.该文利用壳聚糖与乳化技术制备肉桂醛/壳聚糖微球,并用于包载川陈皮素.结果表明,肉桂醛/壳聚糖微球的形成及其结构与原料复配比、贮藏时间、贮藏温度(室温、50℃)有关.肉桂醛含量较高时,有利于微球的形成,且外貌更规整.空白壳聚糖微球在酸性条件下易于溶蚀瓦解.肉桂醛/壳聚糖微球通过碱性条件室温静置处理或50℃加热静置处理,其质地更为坚硬,且结构更致密,在酸性条件的稳定性提升.体外释放实验表明,肉桂醛的含量较高时,川陈皮素释放速率较慢;经室温处理或热处理后的微球能更好地控制川陈皮素的释放.体外模拟消化实验表明,乳液中川陈皮素生物可给性为60.8%, 室温处理的肉桂醛/壳聚糖微球中川陈皮素生物可给性为48.3%, 热处理的肉桂醛/壳聚糖微球中生物可给性为33.3%. 所得结果显示,包载川陈皮素的肉桂醛/壳聚糖微球能有效控制川陈皮素在胃肠道中的释放.     

冠醚修饰卟啉的合成及其荧光开关性能

设计合成了一个5,15-meso-meso冠醚修饰的卟啉1（化合物1）作为荧光开关的模型化合物,选择Cu+离子作为淬灭剂,激发该化合物不同发光单元时,分别记录化合物1的荧光淬灭效果,发现不同激发光的使用可以调节激发电子的流向,同时有效地表现出Cu+离子调控下的荧光开关性能.文中对目标化合物进行了详细的表征,同时对化合物1的开关性能进行了合理的解释.     

Synthesis and properties of crown ether benzotellurazole heterocyclic styryl cyanines and merocyanines

Two Crown ether benzotellurastyryl cyanines and three crown ether benzotelluramerocyanines are synthesized via the key intermediate-3-methyl-5,6(15-crown-5)-2 (β-acetanilide) vinyl benzotellurazolium iodide. The reactive conditions are discussed. The influence of alkali (-earth) metal ions on the visible absorption spectra of these two types of crown ether cyanines are also studied. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Ke Weijun: born in 1971, Ph.D.     

The radiolytic behavior and mechanism of calixarene crown ether under γ-irradiation

Bis(2-propyloxy)calix[4]crown-6 (BPC6) is an effective separation agent for cesium removing from spent nuclear fuel. The study on radiolytic behavior of BPC6 itself under γ-irradiation was required for evaluating its feasibility of practical application. It was found that BPC6 exhibited excellent radiation stability at dose less than 100 kGy. However, the isopropyl groups in BPC6 under- went oxidation and dealkylation to form carbonyl groups and phenolic hydroxyl groups at dose above 300 kGy, respectively. When the dose was more than 1000 kGy, the ring opening of crown ether structure of BPC6 resulted in the formation of phenolic hydroxyl groups as well. The formation of radiolytic products containing phenolic hydroxyl groups during the irradiation of BPC was confirmed by using FeCl 3 as a probe. Combining with the radiolytic behavior of two model chemicals (1-isopropoxybenzene and benzo-18-crown-6 ether), the radiolytic behavior and mechanism of BPC6 under -irradiation was testified further.