常切力盘状螺旋流特性的试验与研究

从实测的盘状螺旋流压力与流动角的变化规律出发,分析了螺旋流流动角与工作压力的关系;给出了流速场随旋流半径的分布情况;对压力与流动角、水流速度、螺旋流的旋转强度、摩阻流速、压差系数以及旋流泄泥器之间的相互关系进行了研究;利用Blassius公式计算了切应力;利用运动方程求解压应力并以实测值进行验证。研究表明:螺旋流中除工作压力及流量外,流动角是影响压差、压差系数的主要因素:缝隙高度越小,压差变化越大,对增加泄泥器的推移力越有利。     

同心环隙有压科特流层流解析解及实验验证

本文对同心环隙有压科特流层流提出了一维流动的动量矩微分方程,并根据广义牛顿内摩擦力定律,求得了圆周切应力τ与圆周切线速度 u 的解析解.对流场中的零切应力环面,流速极环面和流速拐环面的存在条件进行了讨论.证明了流速极环面并不与零切应力环面重合.对所提出的上述理论进行了实验印证.实验表明用一维理论来描述这种运动是简单可行的.本文把层流的无压环隙科特流与有压槽道流作为两个特例概括在所提出的理论之中.     

多因素影响的梯形明渠三维流动规律

为了研究梯形明渠三维流动规律,使用流体动力学软件Fluent的Realizable k-ε模型对梯形明渠进行了模拟.首先,数值模拟了边坡坡度比为1、流速为1m/s条件下的三维流动.数值结果表明:对称面上流速的沿程变化不显著,底区流速满足对数律分布,外区流速用乘幂公式拟合有一定的误差.其次,分析了同一高度横向各点的速度值、静压、总压的沿程变化,壁面上不同高度切应力、总压的沿程变化和出入口的总压差.最后,考察了8种不同坡度、8种不同流速情况下边壁、床面的切应力、总压的变化趋势,得到了切应力和总压随流速的计算公式,揭示了梯形明渠的流动规律.     

水平管内气液两相泡状流壁面切应力的研究

利用TSI-1268W热膜探针测量了内径为35mm的水平管内气液两相泡状流的壁面切应力，得到了充分发展段同一截面上不同周向位置处的壁面切应力及其波动幅度数据．结果显示，管道顶部壁面切应力瞬时信号的功率谱密度没有明显的单一峰值，表明壁面切应力的变化具有非周期性特征．液相中加入气泡后，在管道下部的壁面切应力增大，在含气率较高的管道上部出现了壁面切应力减小的现象．随着气相流速的增加，管道上部的壁面切应力有较小幅度的降低，管道中下部的壁面切应力有较大幅度的增加；随着液相流速的增加，管道中下部的壁面切应力增加的幅度基本相同．低液流速度下，在管道上部，泡状流时的壁面切应力波动幅度要小于单相液流时的值，并随着气相流速的增加而减小，在管道下部，泡状流时的壁面切应力波动幅度与单相液流时的值接近．气泡的加入似乎对壁面切应力的波动有抑制作用，在高液流速度下，加入气泡对壁面切应力波动幅度的影响变小．     

光滑壁面明渠非均匀流水力特性

在分析激光测速试验资料的基础上，对比了明渠均匀紊流和非均匀紊流在紊流分区结构、流速分布、紊流强度和壁面切应力等方面的水力特性，指出两种流态流速分布公式存在差异，非均匀流的脉动流速、壁面切应力都较均匀流为小，并给出了用新的无量纲参数表达的适用于均匀流和非均匀流的统一的流速公式以及垂线平均流速及其位置的计算公式。     

超临界压力下水在螺旋管内的混合对流换热

采用FLUENT 6．0 CFD商业软件，对螺旋管内超临界压力下水在发展段的层流混合对流换热特性进行了数值研究，细致地分析了螺旋管螺距、入口流动Grashof数和Dean数等对流动和换热的影响．研究结果表明，在超临界压力下，水物性参数的剧烈变化在垂直流动方向引起了很强的二次流动，同时由螺旋管引起的向心力也造成了很强的二次流，与相同尺寸直管道相比，螺旋管内二次流的存在大大强化了流动换热，但是也相应地增加了流动阻力，因此螺旋管入口De数越小，则二次流越大，摩擦阻力越小。同时，流动换热随质量流速的增加而增加。     

多弧离子法制备的Ti（C,N）膜微结构随C2H2／N2流量比变…

用多弧离子法在高速钢（Ｗ１８Ｃｒ４Ｖ）基底上沉积了Ｔｉ（Ｎ，Ｃ）薄膜，并运用ＳＥＭ、ＸＲＤ、ＸＰＳ对该膜微观结构随进气流量ｒ＝Ｇ２Ｈ２／Ｎ２变化的情况进行了测试和分析。结果表明薄膜随ｒ增加趋于致密，在ｒ值较小时呈现较强的（１１１）择优取向，随着ｒ值增大，（１１１）是这一取向逐渐变弱，（２２０）取向渐强，薄膜呈现典型耐心立方结构，主要万分为复合相Ｔｉ（ｎ，Ｃ）膜含有少量石墨相成分存在。     

规则波作用下墩柱周围流动特性实验研究

通过波浪水槽实验研究波浪作用下墩柱周围的流动特性．利用声学多普勒流速仪（ADV）测量墩柱迎浪面、侧面和背部的瞬时流速,通过统计学方法计算得到平均流速、脉动强度和雷诺应力的分布．研究结果表明,墩柱周围的流场呈明显的三维特性．墩柱迎浪面由于反射波与人射波相互影响,三个方向的平均流速均较小．背面由于受到掩护作用,流速三维性减弱;横向、垂向流速基本接近于零;侧面流速值最大,三维性最强．墩柱附近床面横向切应力较小而水平方向的切应力较大,水平脉动强度约为其他两个方向的3～5倍．     

明渠减速流下床面摩阻流速研究

针对明渠非均匀流,采用立面二维数值试验的方法,并将雷诺应力垂线分布计算结果延伸至床面,以此计算减速流情况下床面摩阻流速,得到了不同壅水下床面摩阻流速的计算结果.研究表明:在壅水情况下,当流量和底坡相同时,壅水段摩阻流速随水深的增加而逐渐减小;在相同水深和底坡下,摩阻流速随流量的增加而增大;在相同流量和水深下,摩阻流速随底坡的增大而增大.为满足工程中计算的需要,根据数值试验结果拟合得到了明渠水流壅水情况下床面摩阻流速的实用计算式.     

竖井进流水平旋转内消能泄洪洞流场数值模拟

应用雷诺应力模型，模拟了竖井进流水平旋转内消能泄洪洞空腔环流的水力特性。数值模拟与试验结果比较表明，雷诺应力模型模拟水平旋流泄洪洞的水力特性是可行的，泄洪洞底部压强沿程呈减小变化规律并与实测值一致；轴向流速沿径向呈峰值靠近壁面的抛物线分布，切向流速呈强迫涡和自由涡的组合涡分布，自由涡占大部分区域，轴、切向流速模拟值与实测流速值均符舍得较好。并计算和分析了空腔环流的压强等值线、湍动能、湍动耗散率、旋流夹角等的沿程变化，揭示了竖井进流水平旋转内消能泄洪洞空腔环流的一些特有的水力特性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that