热轧Nb微合金化TRIP钢高温区变形过程中Nb的析出行为

通过Gleeble热模拟实验研究了含0.038% Nb (质量分数)的热轧TRIP钢在高温奥氏体区的热加工工艺,借助光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜分析了组织演变和Nb的析出行为,并利用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪定量分析了Nb的固溶/析出程度.在1250℃奥氏体化5 min后添加Nb有70%固溶于奥氏体.在1000℃以上的奥氏体再结晶区变形过程中Nb的析出量仅占总固溶量的3%,不能有效抑制静态再结晶,奥氏体晶粒得到明显细化.在900℃的奥氏体未再结晶区变形前析出Nb量已达到总固溶量的9%,再结晶被抑制而获得拉长状奥氏体.奥氏体未再结晶区变形可促进铁素体转变并细化铁素体晶粒.再结晶奥氏体或形变奥氏体状态下冷却至650℃时分别有占总添加量的48%和40%的Nb仍以固溶态存在.     

Nb对低碳Si-Mn钢连续冷却转变的影响

利用Gleeble 1500对含Nb与不含Nb两种低碳Si-Mn钢进行了连续冷却转变实验,并绘制了未变形及变形条件下的CCT曲线.结果表明:在未变形条件下,Nb的添加降低了铁素体相变温度(Ar3),使未变形CCT曲线下移;在变形条件下,应变诱导析出的Nb(C,N)等析出物使铁素体的转变温度上升并降低了贝氏体的转变冷速,从而使Ar3提高,CCT曲线上移;在变形条件下,Nb使铁素体晶粒明显细化,进而使实验钢的硬度明显提高.     

铌对低碳钢形变强化相变的影响

利用热模拟压缩变形实验研究了含铌钢和相应成分的低碳钢过冷奥氏体形变强化相变的组织演变规律,探讨了铌在析出状态时对形变强化相变的影响,进行了转变动力学曲线的分析. 结果表明:形变强化相变之前有Nb(CN)析出可以显著促进铁素体形核. 含铌钢的过冷奥氏体在A3～Ar3之间变形,可以得到平均晶粒尺寸为1.9 μm的形变强化相变铁素体. 其转变动力学与低碳钢相类似,以形变强化相变为主;在铁素体转变基本完成时,含铌钢的铁素体晶粒较细小.     

铌对高钢级管线钢中第二相析出与奥氏体晶粒长大行为的影响

基于双亚点阵模型,计算了两种不同铌含量的高钢级管线钢在不同温度下Nb、Ti和Al的析出量,测定了不同加热温度和保温时间下奥氏体晶粒尺寸,建立两种钢奥氏体晶粒长大模型.发现Nb含量增加提高了其全固溶温度,并且温降过程中Nb析出量显著增多,在晶界两边析出的细小碳氮化物对奥氏体晶粒长大有显著的阴碍作用.高铌钢加热温度为1250℃时奥氏体晶粒显著粗化,预测模型也不同于1050～1200℃的模型,但相同保温温度下晶粒尺寸明显小于低铌实验钢.通过数据拟合计算出高铌钢的长大激活能远远高于低铌钢,再次证明高Nb的管线钢在1200℃以下能够有效地细化奥氏体晶粒,预测模型与实验值吻合较好.     

X70针状铁素体管线钢析出相

用透射电镜研究了X70针状铁素体管线钢中的析出相.一种是以TiN为主、尺寸较大(50nm～1μm)、外形规则、几乎呈立方体的Ti(Nb)NC复合析出相,其中Ti/Nb比值处于5～12之间.另一种是以NbC为主、尺寸十分细小(小于20nm)、形态为圆形或椭圆形的Nb(Ti)C复合析出相,Nb/Ti比值处于1～6.37之间,衍射分析结果表明其为多晶粒构成.分析表明,尺寸较大的方形析出相在1150℃的温度时已经存在,并且在热模拟过程中变化不大.细小圆形析出相绝大部分是在1100～900℃之间析出,而且与基体保持共格或半共格的关系.V的析出不明显,其作用相对较弱.高温热塑性曲线的测量结果显示,在没有变形情况下,1050℃时析出相开始析出,900～850℃之间析出量达到最大.     

均热时间对含Ti、Nb微合金元素高强钢固溶规律的影响

采用相分析和X射线衍射技术,研究了含Ti、Nb等微合金元素的高强钢中碳氮化物的溶解行为. 结果表明,加热到1 250 ℃,未均热时,主要是面心立方结构的Ti(CN)、(TiNb)(CN)、TiC析出相;均热时间为45 min,部分Ti和Nb继续溶解,析出相转为Ti(CN)、TiC为主,平均颗粒尺寸由300 nm增大为323 nm,此时Ti、Nb固溶已经达到平衡,固溶率分别为64.2%和85.8%. 当保温80 min时,析出相含量基本没有变化,但颗粒尺寸有所增加.     

多元微合金钢中的应变诱导复合析出

采用透射电子显微镜结合纳米束能谱技术，研究了含Nb，Ti,Mo等多种微合金元素的超低碳贝氏体钢在奥氏体非再结晶区终轧后弛豫阶段的应变诱导析出行为．实验结果表明：经30％预变形后，在850℃和900℃等温弛豫时，钢中析出开始主要有纯Nb及Nb-Ti复合的两类，以后者为主．随弛豫时间延长，纯Nb型析出物消失，复合夹杂中铌钛比增加．弛豫阶段后期，Mo会以置换原子形式进入(Ti,Nb)(C，N)的面心立方晶格中，其量随弛豫时间的延长而增加．析出物形状以不规则外形为主，其密度及平均尺寸与变形温度和弛豫时间密切相关．     

汽车大梁钢中第二相粒子析出行为

运用热动力学理论和Oswald熟化理论研究了不同氮含量汽车大梁钢中第二相粒子的析出和熟化行为.研究发现钢中N含量的增加会促进V(C,N)在奥氏体中析出从而细化铁素体晶粒,当氮的质量分数增至4.2×10 4时铁素体晶粒尺寸能细化至4.7μm.形核率–温度曲线和析出–温度–时间曲线表明氮含量的增加可以扩大奥氏体区中最大形核率的温度范围,氮的质量分数由5.5×10 5增至4.2×10 4时其最快析出的鼻点温度由840℃上升至968℃.透射电镜观察显示氮含量的增加明显降低析出V(C,N)粒子的尺寸.VN在奥氏体中的Oswald熟化速率计算表明熟化速率随温度的降低不断减少,同时增加N含量还可以有效降低析出粒子的熟化速率,从而抑制沉淀析出的第二相粒子的熟化长大过程.     

变形量及N含量对油井管用中碳V-Ti-N微合金钢显微组织的影响

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机,研究了某油井管生产工艺中张力减径过程变形量以及C和N含量对中碳V-Ti-N微合金非调质钢室温组织的影响.结果表明:HCLN钢在800℃变形量为20%、40%和60%时,对应的室温组织中铁素体的体积分数依次为17.2%、19.7%和29.9%.N质量分数为2.3×10-4时,800℃变形60%后控冷钢中铁素体的体积分数为含低N(1.1×10-4)钢的1.7倍左右,使含C0.34%的钢中铁素体含量接近于含C0.26%的钢,并使铁素体平均晶粒尺寸降低到3μm左右.变形量和钢中N含量二者增大均有利于增加钢中铁素体的数量,且二者综合运用的效果更有效.通过分析可知,800℃变形量的增大,可以提高未再结晶奥氏体晶粒内的缺陷密度,有利于过冷奥氏体连续冷却转变时为晶内铁素体形核提供更多的形核位置.N含量的增大,能够促进第二相析出物的析出,诱导晶内铁素体的析出,提高铁素体含量,并细化其晶粒尺寸.     

微量Zr添加对Mn-Mo-Nb-Cu-B钢晶粒长大倾向性的影响

设计了一种低碳Mn-Mo-Nb-Cu-Zr-B钢,经热处理工艺,采用中等冷速冷却,可得到以板条贝氏体为主,含粒状贝氏体和针状铁素体的混合组织,轧态屈服强度大于850MPa,达到X120管线钢的强度要求. TEM观察表明,0.015% Zr(质量分数)添加到钢中形成大量含Zr的复杂的碳氮化物,它们的形状不规则,尺寸约为80～200nm;从形态看,它们在高温形成,并且由于其熔点高,再加热到1200℃时,这种析出物中的Ti、Nb会有部分溶解,使其尺寸有所减小,利于控制奥氏体晶粒长大;其他近椭球形的(Ti,Nb)(C,N)则在加热时逐渐溶解直至消失. 由于这种含Zr析出物在钢的基体中均匀分布,加热到高温时,它们会明显阻碍晶界移动,从而使含Zr钢的奥氏体晶粒长大倾向性明显比不含Zr钢小. 可见,添加微量Zr能够起到提高钢材焊接性能的作用.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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