夯实水泥土桩复合地基中桩-土-垫层共同作用机理

基于剪切位移法,引入Mylonakis&Gazetas桩-土相互作用及温克尔地基模型,导出复合地基中桩-桩、桩-土及土-土相互作用柔度系数计算式;在此基础上,考虑垫层的影响,提出路堤荷载作用下桩-土-垫层共同作用分析的新方法,并利用Matlab软件编制相应的计算程序。以夯实水泥土桩复合地基为例,进行路堤荷载下夯实水泥土桩复合地基的室内模型试验,探讨垫层模量及厚度对桩与土差异沉降的影响。研究结果表明:在路堤荷载作用下,设置合适的柔性垫层,能有效增加桩体承担荷载的比例,发挥桩的承载能力,减少桩与桩间土之间的差异沉降及复合地基的沉降,改善复合地基的工作性状。     

路堤下桩网复合地基桩土应力比计算

针对"路堤-加筋垫层-复合桩基"共同作用模型所存在的不足,从土拱、筋材变形以及桩土荷载传递三个方面对其进行改进.首先,考虑地基分层、埋深与上覆荷载对桩土荷载传递的影响,推导桩、土竖向变形函数.然后,引入沉降主控的筋材拉膜效应经验模型,考虑路堤与地基侧向变形对筋材拉力的影响.最后,在土柱模型的基础上,考虑相对位移量对界面摩阻力发挥的影响,推导路堤底部荷载分配与差异沉降的关系.在上述工作的基础上,以桩土沉降与荷载分配为等量关系,建立了改进后的路堤、筋材、桩体、桩间土共同作用模型,并得到了路堤下桩网复合地基的桩土应力比计算方法.通过工程实例对本文方法进行验证,证明了本文方法的合理性.     

基于剪切位移法的刚性桩复合地基沉降计算

在对刚性桩复合地基的工作机理及受荷过程中刚性桩与桩间土的受力特性进行分析探讨的基础上,引入Mylonakis ＆ Gazetas模型模拟桩与桩及桩与土之间的相互作用,充分考虑桩侧土体的非线性特性,假定桩侧土剪应力与剪应变的弹塑性关系,应用剪切位移法分别导出弹性阶段及弹塑性阶段的桩顶荷载与桩顶位移的显式关系式.在此基础上,考虑垫层作用的影响,提出一种能综合考虑桩-土-垫层体系共同作用的刚性桩复合地基沉降计算方法.结合某模型试验实测结果对文中理论计算进行了验证,其结果表明该计算方法是可行的.     

路堤荷载下刚性桩复合地基桩帽效应分析

在分析路堤荷载作用下刚性桩复合地基中桩帽效应的基础上,通过理论分析、有限元计算、室内模型试验以及现场测试等方法,研究了桩帽以及桩帽尺寸的大小,对刚性桩复合地基中桩土分担比、加筋垫层的应力以及整体沉降特性等的影响.研究表明:桩帽的存在增加了桩顶与垫层之间的接触面积,起到均化桩顶集中力、减小桩顶向垫层刺入量的作用,使带帽刚性桩复合地基控制沉降的能力远好于不带帽刚性桩复合地基;桩帽尺寸逐渐增大,桩间土的应力明显减小,Q-S曲线由"陡降型"向"缓变形"转变,有助于带帽刚性桩复合地基整体承载力的发挥,从而提高了刚性桩复合地基的利用效率.     

考虑水平摩阻力和大变形的刚性桩网复合地基桩土应力比计算方法

为了研究水平摩阻力对加筋垫层挠度和复合地基桩土应力比的影响,以单桩处理范围内的刚性桩网复合地基为研究对象,考虑加筋垫层的大变形效应和三维尺寸效应,运用大挠度薄板理论对加筋垫层荷载传递特性进行分析,建立其挠度控制微分方程,并结合真实边界条件和桩土相互作用,将荷载传递过程分为假定状态和实际状态,运用伽辽金法和功能原理对其挠度进行分步求解.在此基础之上,利用Winkler地基梁理论对桩土应力比进行计算.采用室内足尺试验对计算方法进行验证,并综合分析土体基床系数、桩间距、桩径和界面摩擦刚度等因素对桩土应力比的影响.研究表明:理论计算结果与试验结果较为吻合,桩土应力比随桩间土基床系数和桩径的增大而减小,随桩间距、界面摩擦刚度和桩体基床系数的增大而增大,成果可为工程实践提供参考.     

刚性桩复合地基桩土应力比计算

分别取桩、土单元进行受力分析,建立变形协调微分方程.基于荷载传递法,考虑群桩效应的影响,计算出桩与桩侧单位厚度土相互作用的等效刚度系数.根据桩、土和垫层的协同作用及边界条件,求得了刚性桩复合地基桩土应力比,并对影响桩土应力比的参数进行了分析.本文方法考虑了群桩效应、侧向土压力等因素对桩侧摩阻力的影响,对已有的模型试验进行计算,所得计算结果与实测结果较为吻合,验证了该方法的合理性,对工程实践具有一定的指导意义.     

刚性桩复合地基在不同荷载下的桩土分担特性

利用解析解答对刚性桩复合地基在竖向荷载下的工作特性进行了较深入的分析，着重讨论了桩土应力比及荷载分担比等随复合地基荷载、垫层厚度、垫层模量、桩长、桩间距、桩间土模量和桩端土抗力系数等因素变化的规律．计算结果表明，竖向荷载作用下，桩土应力比随复合地基荷载、垫层模量、桩长和桩间距的增加而增大，随垫层厚度和土体模量的增加而减小，同时也表明复合地基的设计参数有合理的取值范围．     

超长桩荷载-沉降关系非线性迭代计算方法

基于超长桩试验资料,提出桩侧广义双曲荷载传递模型以反映桩侧土弹塑性、软化与稳定三阶段工作特性,桩端采用双曲线荷载传递模型模拟土的非线性变形特性,并引入混凝土的Rusch模型来考虑高荷载水平作用下超长桩桩身混凝土的弹塑性性状,从而建立了与超长桩工作性状相适应的层状地基中超长桩荷载传递分析理论。该理论可用于计算多层地基中超长桩的沉降和极限承载力,也可用于分析层状地基中超长桩的荷载传递规律。计算得到的荷载-沉降曲线与实测的曲线较为吻合,可作为确定桩承载力的依据,经过对工程实例的计算与实测对比分析,证明该理论可靠、方法简单,且具有较好的适用性。     

基于弹性地基板理论的桩网复合地基桩土应力比及沉降计算

将桩网复合地基中的水平加筋垫层视为弹性薄板,垫层下的竖向桩体及桩间土体视为不同刚度的弹簧体系,基于Filonenko-Borodich双参数弹性地基模型,考虑加筋垫层的抗弯、拉作用,根据静力平衡建立薄板挠曲变形控制微分方程,并利用Bessel复变函数推导出相应的挠度函数。在此基础上,考虑桩土变形协调,推导桩网复合地基桩土应力比及沉降的计算公式。为验证本文方法的可行性,对某工程算例进行计算分析。最后,基于本文方法,探讨分析加筋垫层复合弹性模量、筋材拉力、桩土刚度比等因素对桩网复合地基桩土应力比和沉降的影响。研究结果表明:计算与实测结果吻合良好。桩土应力比随桩土刚度比、加筋垫层复合弹性模量及格栅拉力的增大而增大。     

柔性基础下CFG桩复合地基工作机理探讨

为了清楚对于柔性基础下刚性桩复合地基的力学特性,通过理论分析了对柔性基础下的刚性桩复合地基在上部荷载作用下的荷载传递机理,将它考虑为由基础、垫层、土体、增强体、下卧层组成的系统进行研究,这些元素相互影响,相互耦合。研究了柔性基础的桩土应力比变化规律,研究表明与刚性基础相比柔性基础下桩土应力比要小得多,它随荷载增加先减小后增大呈波浪形变化,其研究成果可为路堤下复合地基设计提供有益参考。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-