碎石桩内部的拱效应分析

基于颗粒介质堆中应力传递的试验研究，模拟碎石材料桩的压缩变形过程，分析了在轴向静力荷载作用下，碎石桩内部材料中的应力分布、位移形式、颗料介质微观变化对宏观力学响应的影响、桩周土对桩体材料的作用及桩体材料拱效应的影响范围，进而研究抑制拱效应、提高桩体承载力的问题．研究结果表明，利用微结构可以解释散体介质的许多特性，解释散体材料桩破坏的内在机理．     

颗粒堆中轴向静荷载力传递实验分析

对三维有序对称排列的颗粒堆中力传递进行了较为详细的实验与分析,运用随机理论定量分析实验数据,分析在轴向静力荷载作用下荷载力下传规律、力的分布特征及边界效应等因素的影响,并给出了荷载力与颗粒自重共同作用下引起的内力竖向传递的随机方程.     

移动荷载作用下桥梁动态响应的数值模拟

对车桥系统耦合振动理论进行了分析,研究了桥梁在移动车辆荷载作用下的强迫振动,分析其共振条件及移动荷载作用下桥梁的行为特性,并采用数值模拟计算的方法,比较了桥梁在匀速常量力和匀速简谐力作用下的动态响应,得出在移动荷载作用下桥梁产生的变形和应力,为桥梁的设计提供依据.     

颗粒形状影响下碎石-桩界面侧摩阻力计算研究

提出了一种颗粒形状影响下碎石地层中碎石-桩界面侧摩阻力计算方法,使用可 描述应力应变硬化及软化的界面剪切函数计算单桩侧摩阻力;为探究碎石颗粒形状对界面剪 切应力应变行为的影响,制备了八种碎石,使用图像处理的方法获得碎石的形状参数（长细 比、凸度及球度）;考虑三种形状参数的权重,提出了一种改进的颗粒整体规整度的计算方法; 建立不规则碎石-桩界面剪切的离散元模型,探究了颗粒整体规整度与临界界面摩擦角、界面 剪切临界状态之间的关系 .结果表明：颗粒整体规整度与临界界面摩擦角之间存在很强的线 性关系,且整体规整度只改变临界状态线的截距.在桩侧摩阻函数中考虑颗粒形状的影响,并 求解碎石地层中竖向荷载下不同深度桩基础桩侧摩阻力.将室内试验结果与采用本文提出的 考虑颗粒形状的桩侧摩阻计算方法获得结果进行对比,验证了本文所提出方法的适用性及准 确性.     

循环剪切作用下卵石-碎石复合垫层变形特性试验研究

为研究卵石-碎石复合垫层在地震荷载下的变形特性,开展了一系列位移控制的大型循环剪切试验,探讨了垫层材料、法向应力、剪切幅值、颗粒破碎、循环剪切次数和剪切方向等因素的影响。结果表明：卵石、碎石在颗粒形态及孔隙率等方面的差异显著影响了垫层的变形特性;由于垫层材料间的相互作用,因此卵石-碎石复合垫层的水平变形和累积法向变形均大于单一材料垫层的变形。     

套筒长度对加筋碎石桩复合地基路堤变形和稳定性的影响

采用离心模型试验研究套筒长度对加筋碎石桩复合地基路堤变形和稳定性的影响。研究结果表明:(不加筋)碎石桩复合地基路堤下的桩体主要发生鼓胀变形,导致路堤整体产生显著沉降,但未出现剪切滑移趋势;半长加筋碎石桩复合地基路堤边坡及靠近坡肩下的桩体由于抗弯刚度不足,其在路堤荷载下产生弯曲变形及倾倒,同时位于路堤中心、主要承受竖向荷载的桩体则在加筋套筒底部未加筋部位产生明显的鼓胀变形,从而导致路堤产生很大的沉降,其桩顶和桩间土沉降量是碎石桩复合地基路堤的1.7倍左右;全长加筋碎石桩复合地基路堤边坡下桩体在路堤荷载下向外弯曲,由于其抗弯和抗压刚度较大,路堤沉降较小。在实际应用中,应对桩体采用全长加筋方式,以减小加筋碎石桩复合地基路堤的沉降,提高稳定性。     

母岩性质对粗颗粒材料动力特性影响试验研究

母岩的性质是影响粗颗粒材料动力特性的重要因素.母岩强度越高,对应的动弹性模量值越大,动永久变形量越小;棱角明显的堆石料在动荷载的作用下较浑圆度较好砂砾石料易产生颗粒破碎,使得其动弹性模量值产生一定的降低,而动永久变形量则产生相应的增加;母岩强度和形状的变化对其动力特性的影响随着围压的提高会变得越来越明显,因此对于高土石坝选用母岩强度高、颗粒浑圆度较好的粗颗粒料作为坝体填筑材料是控制坝体在地震荷载作用下变形、提高坝体整体抗震能力的一种简便易行的方法.     

地面堆载对桩基的附加效应分析

在火力发电厂结构设计中通常会遇到地面堆载比较大的建筑物,如干煤棚,干煤棚堆煤线一般高度在10m以上,并且原煤的容重较大,由此对地面产生的面荷载较大,如果干煤棚处地质情况较差且采用摩檫端承桩基础时,因堆煤面荷载对桩基础而言又是非对称荷载,设计上如果不考虑这部分堆煤面荷载对桩基础的影响,那么干煤棚的桩基础将存在很大的安全隐患。以设计的某发电厂干煤棚基础为依托详细阐述地面堆载对桩产生附加效应的分析及计算方法。     

三维颗粒堆中力传递实验与分析

对受集中荷载作用的三维颗粒堆中力的传递与分布进行了实验,对其结果进行半定量统计分析,研究了有序对称密实排列颗粒堆中力的传递特征、压痕与压力的关系、颗粒堆传力不均匀性及荷载力概率密度的变化规律,并解释了抛物型曲面传导的原因.     

基层加固透水人行步道受力性能试验研究

提出一种以土工格室加固级配碎石基层同时取代透水混凝土层的改良透水铺装结构用于Ⅲ型道路.为了对比改良透水铺装结构与常规透水混凝土铺装结构的受力性能差异,对上述两种铺装结构进行了重物堆载条件下的现场受力性能试验,并分别对两种铺装结构在荷载作用下的基底应力分布情况及土工格室壁应变情况进行了对比分析.结果表明,改良后的铺装道路在荷载作用下的基底应力分布较常规铺装更加均匀,更能够避免应力集中和不均匀沉降;改良铺装道路中土工格室在不同区域的应变分布较为均匀,且应变值远小于土工格室的极限拉伸应变,说明土工格室能够有效约束级配碎石层并能有效传递及分散应力;改良后的透水铺装结构能够满足Ⅲ型道路的承载能力需求.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the