误差理论在中学物理实验教学中的运用

误差理论如何具体运用到中学物理实验中，是个值得研究的问题。本文认为，误差理论在中学物理实验中，可用于分析实验结果，确定实验误差范围，指导选择实验仪器及指导确定实验方法等方面。     

脉冲示踪法实验误差分析

本文从理论和实验两方面分析了脉冲示踪法中脉冲时间、示踪剂输入和记录仪记录时间差、示踪剂纯度与用量和实验温度对反应器内物料停留时间分布和流动模型参数测定误差的影响,以便在实验中采取相应措施减小或消除误差,获得准确的实验结果。     

相位共轭技术在补偿光纤色散中的应用

报导了利用相位共轭技术补偿光纤中由于色散引起的脉冲展宽的理论与实验研究,实验结果和理论基本相符。详细讨论了实验产生误差的原因。     

同轴激光束在圆柱类零件圆柱度检测方面的应用

设计了一种能够实现高精度、非接触、全场测量圆柱度的无损检测方法。利用同轴激光束的传输特性设计实验来检测圆柱零件的圆柱度误差,得到的实验结果与实验理论相吻合,证实了实验理论的正确性。并可以推广到该类零件其他形状误差的检验中,为该类零件检测研究提供了一个新方向。     

周边固定大长宽比矩形薄板挠度的实验研究与计算公式

通过对周边固定大长宽比矩形薄板受均布载荷挠度的实验,发现数据与用目前工程中使用公式的计算结果有较大的误差。通过对约束条件的分析和理论推证,得到了新的计算公式。实验证明,新计算公式的计算结果与实验结果相比,误差较小,提高了计算精度,并且有较宽的适用范围。     

机床中应用的滑阀式液压随动系统过渡过程的研究

在本文中对金属切削机床中长应用的单边、双边和四边滑閥式液压随动系统的过液过程进行了某些理论和实验的研究。在理论研究中考虑了工作器官运动部份的惯性和油液的可压缩性。并分别在不考虑和考虑系统工作器官導轨中摩擦的两种情况下进行了研究。在不考虑摩擦力时,应用了线性化方程式和频率法来进行分析。在考虑摩擦力时,非线性的微分方程式是用电子模拟计算机来解的。实验研究是在1A62型车床上用液压倣形刀架进行的。实验时改变了系统的各主要参数。为了记录系统误差的过渡过程应用了电阻(糸糸)式传感器。实验研究的结果在大多数情况下证实了理论研究中的分析和结论,同时,利用实验结构也有可能给予理论结论以某些修正。研究的结果说明,当滑閥式液压随动系统中的摩擦力数值小时,则在系统是稳定的条件下,由外界控制作用所引起的过渡过程基本上是单调的,或有不大的动误差,因此在分析系统工作精度时,可不考虑其动误差。但当系统中摩擦力相当大时,则必须考虑动误差。有时动误差可达到相当大的数值。当过渡过程仅是由外界干扰作用所引起时,则一般也不产生动误差。根据理论和实验研究的结果,在本文中叙述了系统主要参数对过渡过程中所产生误差的影响。以及单、双、四边滑閥式液压随动系统的性能比较。     

类氢离子电离能的相对论性计算

给出了以相对论动力学方程取代牛顿力学方程而形成的相对论性玻尔类氢离子理论,在此基础上给出了类氢离子电离能的相对论性计算公式,对实验上已观测到的36个类氢离子的电离能进行了具体计算,计算结果与实验值的误差远小于玻尔理论或量子力学理论的误差.     

半自动内圆磨床定程磨削精度的理论分析和计算

机械加工精度问题是工艺科学领域内的中心问题之一,在当前生产中也日益突出。精度研究的理论和实践已有了很大的发展。误差综合的理论和方法是精度研究的基本问题。在已发表的若干论文中提出的误差计算方法,由于没有考虑误差之间的相互联系和影响,没有考虑到单个原始误差对于输出误差的作用大小是随着工艺过程进行而变化的,因此比较粗略。作者在对M228半自动内圆磨床定程磨削精度试验研究和统计分析的基础上,进一步作了理论分析,提出了定程磨削输出误差理论计算的方法。本文主要内容是:(1)阐述了误差系统,引入了误差传递比,将输出误差的构成区别为来源于毛坯输入原始误差和工艺系统固有误差两部分;(2)研究了单个工件在磨削过程中尺寸变化的基本规律。实验结果证明所导出的各个公式符合实际磨削过程;(3)推导了毛坯输入原始误差的复映规律;(4)导出了工艺系统主要固有原始误差的传递比,给出了计算输出总误差的一系列公式。根据实验数据列举了计算实例。     

STM管式扫描器交叉耦合及非正交误差的研究

由于扫描隧道显微镜（ＳＴＭ）管式扫描器自身结构的不完善,在运动过程中会产生一定的结构误差,交叉耦合误差和非正交误差是其中两项重要的误差。本文对这两项误差进行了定量的理论分析,得到了相应的误差公式及误差曲线,并通过实验验证了理论推导结果的正确性。最后,根据对误差产生原因的研究,文中还提出了一些相应的误差补偿措施。     

测头的调整对齿向精度测量结果的影响

分析在万能工具显微镜上测头接触高度位置的调整误差，对斜齿轮分度圆螺旋角误差和齿向误差测量结果的影响，理论和实验结果表明，测头接触高度位置的变化地分度圆旋角误差测量结果没有影响，而对齿向误差测量结果的影响。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with