土工格栅加筋地基承载特性数值分析

为研究加筋地基承载性能,基于已有室内试验结果采用有限差分法建立加筋地基数值模型,分析竖向荷载下土工格栅加筋地基的力学特性及加筋层数对土体的荷载-沉降变形特性、应力分布及土工格栅位移的影响,探讨筋土结构的内部土体和土工格栅应力位移场的演变规律,引入承载力提高系数综合分析加筋层数对加筋地基的沉降及承载力的影响。研究表明:在竖向荷载作用下,地基土体呈拱状不均匀沉降,基础两侧土体隆起变形,加筋后能够改善地基的不均匀沉降及减小侧向变形,约束基础两侧土体的隆起;土工格栅具有良好的应力扩散作用,加筋地基的承载力随着加筋层数的增加而增加,但增长幅度逐渐变缓,加筋层数为4层时承载力最高,为最佳加筋层数;土工格栅的有效埋深约为1.5B(B为基础宽度),当筋材埋深超出筋材有效深度影响范围,筋材的加筋作用不再增强。     

土工格栅加筋路堤结构性能试验研究

基于2种格栅和3种加筋层数组成的5种工况进行现场试验,对各种工况下土压力、格栅应变和路堤沉降进行了跟踪观测并比较分析了格栅应变、土压力和沉降的变化规律。结果表明:相同条件下,双向格栅的加筋效果要好于单向格栅;筋材应变初期相对比较大,随着时间的增长,筋材应变呈现减少的趋势,并趋于恒定;加筋区土压力分布均匀,且最大土压力随着加筋层间距的减小而明显变小,加筋对路堤起到了侧限的作用。所得结果为加筋结构的稳定分析与工程实践具有一定的指导意义。     

土工格栅加筋砂土的三轴试验研究

为研究土工格栅的加筋机理,文章设计了3种不同网格尺寸的土工格栅,采用应变控制式三轴仪进行加筋砂土的不固结不排水三轴剪切试验,探究土工格栅网格尺寸、加筋层数及围压对砂土强度特性的影响。试验结果表明：未加筋时,砂土主要表现为中上部鼓胀破坏,随着加筋层数的增加,砂土的破坏形态依次转变为中部鼓胀破坏和剪切破坏;素砂和加筋砂土的偏应力-轴向应变曲线表现为应变软化型。不同网格尺寸的土工格栅对砂土的强度特性影响不同,土工格栅网格尺寸为3 mm×3 mm时,加筋效果类似硬化的“土工布”;1层土工格栅加筋时,随着土工格栅网格尺寸的减小,对砂土的强度影响不大;2、3层土工格栅加筋时,网格尺寸越小,加筋效果越好;加土工格栅可有效提高砂土的黏聚力,当土工格栅网格尺寸较小时,土工格栅还可提高砂土的内摩擦角。     

埋地柔性管道荷载响应及其加筋防护性能

为了解决城市埋地管道频繁受外部荷载作用而损害的问题,提出在采用新型土工合成材料加筋防护埋地柔性管道的基础上,借助室内模型试验开展静载和循环荷载作用下埋地柔性管道的力学响应与变形特性研究,确定对管土体系产生较大破坏作用的荷载类型,并提出格栅加筋防护埋地管道的适用荷载水平范围,进而定量和定性地分析首层筋材埋深、筋材长度、筋材层间距和层数对土工格栅加筋防护埋地管道效果的影响,并确定合理的筋材铺设参数。研究结果表明:相比于同水平静载,循环荷载将会造成更大的土层沉降,但低水平循环荷载对埋地管道的影响较小,而高水平循环荷载会对管道产生更大的破坏作用;当采用单层格栅加筋防护时,对管道上方土体和管道最终变形量的控制作用不明显,当循环荷载水平在0～300 kPa范围时,筋材埋深为0.4B(B为加载板宽度)和筋材长度为5D(D为管道外径)时,单层加筋防护效果最优;针对管道埋深H=3D,选取筋材长度为5D和首层筋材埋深为0.4B的多层筋材防护,当筋材层间距0.5B和筋材层数N为3层时效果最优,加筋不仅能显著减缓土层沉降与管道变形,同时还能有效地控制最终的变形量,并能明显降低管周土压力,使加筋防护达到理想的效果。该成果可为长期处于类似交通荷载等复杂荷载作用下埋地管道的设计和防护提供理论支撑。     

玄武岩纤维土工格栅加筋膨胀土三轴试验

采用玄武岩纤维双向土工格栅加筋膨胀土,分层压实成直径101 mm、高200 mm的试样,进行加筋与不加筋、饱和与非饱和的膨胀土试样在不同围压下的固结不排水三轴试验,研究其强度特性的变化。结果表明:饱和试样破坏模式表现为塑性破坏,非饱和试样破坏模式表现为偏脆性破坏;非饱和试样达到峰值强度时的轴向应变(5%以内)明显小于饱和试样(11%左右),同时峰值强度显著增加;同种加筋类型下,非饱和试样黏聚力远远大于饱和试样,而内摩擦角提高相对较小;无论饱和试样还是非饱和试样,与未加筋土相比,加筋膨胀土初始屈服应力增大,峰值强度提高,且随加筋层数增多,其提高值增大;无论饱和试样还是非饱和试样,加筋使膨胀土的内摩擦角略有提高,而黏聚力提高值相对明显。     

饱和软土场地格栅加筋路堤地震动力响应分析

为探讨饱和软土场地中格栅加筋路堤地震动力响应特性规律,基于大型通用有限元分析软件ADINA,建立了饱和软土地基上格栅加筋路堤的数值分析模型,研究了布筋方式、筋材弹性模量与间距及路堤填料性质对格栅加筋路堤地震动力响应的影响规律.结果表明:增大筋材弹性模量可有效提升路堤动力稳定性,且筋材越靠近路堤底部其效果越显著;随着加筋层数增加,加筋效果提升率有所衰减;增加填料摩擦角和填料黏聚力可提高加筋路堤动力性能,但填料土性参数达到一定幅值后,其变化所引起动力性能提升效果降低.     

CFRP材料加筋粘土的试验研究

作为新型材料CFRP材料应用于加筋材料在国内尚未开始研究.测试了CFRP材料作为加筋材料的力学指标试验.将CFRP材料作为加筋材料,应用3轴试验研究加筋粘土试样的强度变化规律.试验表明CFRP材料完全可以作为加筋材料,而且在粘土中加入CFRP材料后可以明显提高粘土试样的强度.试验表明CFRP材料不适合饱和度较大的粘土.图8,表5,参10.     

土工带加筋垫层中筋带应力的研究

对玻塑土工带加筋垫层中筋带应力的发挥进行研究。设计了8种不同筋带布置的加筋垫层并进行载荷试验,测得各种加筋垫层地基的变形曲线、极限承载力及极限平衡时垫层内筋带的应力值。对数据进行分析后发现,筋带应力的大小是影响加筋垫层力学性质的决定因素。筋带应力的发挥与筋带布置参数首层加筋距、加筋距、加筋密度、加筋层数等有很大的关系。对加筋垫层的作用原理进行理论分析后,提出使筋带应力充分发挥的筋带布置方案。     

加筋尾矿砂的三轴试验研究

基于室内三轴剪切试验，以聚丙烯土工织物为筋材，对不同加筋层数下尾矿砂的变形、破坏特征进行了研究。结果表明，随着试样加筋层数的增加，尾矿砂的的抗剪强度指标明显提高。加筋可显著地提高尾矿砂的内聚力数值，但对内摩擦角的影响较小。加筋以后尾矿砂的变形规律可用邓肯-张非线性弹性模型进行描述。最后:文中给出了加筋尾矿砂的变形计算参数。     

不同形式土工格栅加筋砂的强度特性

在聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）焊接土工格栅的基础上,设计了不同形式的土工格栅,通过三轴剪切试验研究了不同形式土工格栅加筋砂的强度及破坏形态,分析了单向土工格栅横肋间距对加筋砂强度的影响,探讨了格栅基本单元内部筋材布置形式对加筋砂强度的影响.结果表明,不同形式的土工格栅具有不同的加筋效果.其中：多向土工格栅的加筋效果最佳,但材料用量最多,为土工格栅基本单元的2.21倍;双向土工格栅的加筋效果优于单向和三向土工格栅;单向土工格栅在低围压下的加筋效果比三向土工格栅的好,而在高围压下的加筋效果比三向土工格栅的差,且其加筋效果随着横肋间距的减小而增强;单向土工格栅的良好加筋效果主要体现于提高加筋砂的黏聚力,而双向、三向和多向土工格栅的良好加筋效果主要体现在于提高加筋砂的内摩擦角.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that