三维电极法降解苯酚废水中·OH的测定及其影响因素研究

 采用三维电极法电催化氧化降解苯酚废水,研究了苯酚的降解机理,证实了苯酚的降解机理主要是羟基自由基机理。实验结果表明,羟基自由基的生成量决定苯酚的去除率。同时,羟基自由基的生成量与三维电极体系的电极种类、槽电压、溶液pH值和空气流速有密切关系。     

TiO2纳米晶表面羟基自由基的生成对光催化性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米TiO2.用X射线衍射谱(XRD)测定了TiO2粒子的晶相结构;以对苯二甲酸作为探针分子,结合化学荧光技术研究了TiO2表面羟基自由基的生成;以降解罗丹明B(RhB)为模型反应,考察了TiO2粒子的光催化活性.结果表明,TiO2粒子的晶相结构对其羟基自由基的生成和光催化活性产生显著影响;羟基自由基的生成速率越大,光催化活性越高.     

多相催化氧化降解苯酚过程的研究

利用紫外可见光谱和高效液相色谱研究了催化氧化降解苯酚的过程.结果表明,非晶铁氧化物催化剂在催化氧化降解苯酚时具有较高的催化活性,苯酚降解的中间产物有:对苯二酚、邻苯二酚、苯醌和低级脂肪酸,其降解机理是羟基自由基攻击苯环上OH的邻位或对位而使苯环开环,生成低级脂肪酸,并最终转化成二氧化碳和水,从而使苯酚得以降解.     

对羟基偶氮苯电化学氧化降解机理研究

研究对羟基偶氮苯在电生成羟基自由基的氧化降解下最后矿化成CO2和H2O.UV、IR、HPLC等方法的测试结果表明:在对对羟基偶氮苯氧化降解的过程中,首先羟基自由基作用于对羟基偶氮苯上N的N,使其断裂生成芳香族类化合物;续而羟基自由基亲电子作用结合于苯环上生成羟基化派生物,进一步氧化使苯环断裂生成脂肪酸类有机物,羟基自由基氧化降解对羟基偶氮苯符合宏观一级反应动力学模型.     

光催化降解弱酸性红RN染料的研究

以弱酸性红RN染料为目标降解物,分析纳米TiO2对其光催化降解的机理.采用XRD表征自制纳米TiO2光催化剂的晶相结构.通过单因素实验,研究光催化剂投加量、染液初始pH值等因素变化对纳米TiO2光催化降解弱酸性红RN染液的影响.结果表明,纳米TiO2受光照激发在其表面生成了具有高活性和强氧化能力的羟基自由基(·OH),将弱酸性红RN染料催化降解为N2、H2O、CO2、Na2SO4等无害物质.采用溶胶凝胶法制备的纳米TiO2晶粒均为锐钛矿相,粒径大小为19.2nm.在300W金卤灯照射下,光催化反应240min时,0.25g纳米TiO2对100mL质量浓度为5mg/L、pH=5的弱酸性红RN染料溶液的降解率达94.2%.     

·OH氧化降解高质量浓度苯酚废水的研究

利用气体放电协同高效混溶技术制取羟基自由基溶液,进行初始质量浓度为8853 mg/L的苯酚废水溶液氧化处理实验.羟基自由基质量浓度从0增加到1700 mg/L时,苯酚去除率为48.43%,在这一范围内,除去1 g苯酚需羟基自由基0.37 g.叙述并解释了废水pH值和电导率与羟基自由基质量浓度之间的变化关系.随着羟基自由基质量浓度的增加,废水酸碱性由接近中性逐渐转为酸性,质量浓度越大,酸性越强,而电导率先减小后增大.结合降解中间体产物和实验现象,对羟基自由基氧化降解苯酚过程进行了分析.     

TiO2的晶型对其可见光催化性能的影响

以锐钛矿、金红石及混晶TiO2作光催化剂,以活性艳红X-3B及苯酚作模型污染物,研究了TiO2的晶型对其可见光催化性能的影响.结果表明:在Vis/O2条件下,以锐钛矿或混晶TiO2作光催化剂,反应80 min对活性艳红X-3B的降解率近100%,金红石型TiO2的则不到15%;在Vis/H2O2条件下,三种光催化剂均能降解苯酚,且金红石型TiO2显示更高的催化活性,反应180 min对苯酚的降解率达54%.通过对反应体系的荧光光谱分析显示,反应过程涉及.OH自由基的产生和参与;在TiO2可见光催化反应过程中,由锐钛矿型TiO2经一系列复杂反应产生H2O2,生成的H2O2在TiO2表面形成活性位吸附,从而拓宽TiO2的光吸收范围至可见光区,再在可见光激发下产生.OH自由基等活性物种而对污染物起降解作用.     

纳米TiO2光诱导产生羟基自由基的ESR研究

在纳米TiO2光催化氧化体系中，添加无机氧化物，能有效地捕获电子，增加溶液中羟基自由基浓度，提高纳米TiO2的光催化氧化能力.该文以DMPO为羟基自由基捕获剂，利用自旋捕捉－电子自旋共振（ESR）方法研究无机氧化物K2S2O8对纳米TiO2光催化氧化体系中产生羟基自由基的关系，在此基础上探讨了甘氨酸光催化氧化反应的机理.     

TiO2悬浆体系光催化降解苯酚的研究

以高压汞灯为光源,研究了TiO2悬浆体系光催化降解苯酚的动力学规律,并考察了苯酚初始质量浓度、催化剂投加量、溶液pH值、光强等对苯酚光解速率的影响.研究结果表明该反应过程可以用Langmuir-Hinshelwood(L-H)动力学方程描述;在一定条件下,催化剂的投加量、溶液pH值均存在一最佳值;各因素对光催化降解苯酚反应影响的重要性排列顺序是,光照时间＞pH值＞光照强度＞TiO2投加量.     

TiO_2悬浆体系光催化降解苯酚的研究

以高压汞灯为光源,研究了TiO2悬浆体系光催化降解苯酚的动力学规律,并考察了苯酚初 始质量浓度、催化剂投加量、溶液pH值、光强等对苯酚光解速率的影响.研究结果表明:该反应过 程可以用Langmuir-Hinshelwood(L-H)动力学方程描述;在一定条件下,催化剂的投加量、溶液 pH值均存在一最佳值;各因素对光催化降解苯酚反应影响的重要性排列顺序是,光照时间>pH 值>光照强度>TiO2投加量.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that