利用接收函数方法研究大盈江断裂两侧S波速度结构

 利用研究区(24.2°~25.2°N,97.5°~98.5°E)内大盈江断裂两侧5个流动数字地震台站记录到的宽频带远震P波波形数据进行接收函数反演,得到台站下方0~100km深度范围内地壳、上地幔S波速度细结构.结果表明:研究区内,以大盈江断裂为界,其西北侧Moho面深度约为38km;东南侧Moho面深度为40~42km.断裂两侧地壳、上地幔S波速度结构存在显著差异,东南侧台站下方地壳和上地幔均存在大范围低速区;西北侧台站下方地壳内存在低速层,而上地幔中无明显低速层.研究区内的S波速度结构存在明显的横向非均匀性.     

面波波形反演中的模拟退火法

采用求解非线性全局优化问题的模拟退火法作为反演手段 ,对面波波形进行反演 ,研究青藏高原地壳上地幔速度结构。通过青藏高原的面波波形振幅谱显示出在周期为 2 0 s和4 0 s时存在两个极小值 ,这可能是由地壳中存在低速层引起的。面波波形反演得到的速度模型也证实了青藏高原在 2 0 km深度左右普遍存在低速层 ;喜马拉雅山造山带在 6 0 km深度附近也存在一低速层。壳内低速层是青藏高原变形及隆升过程最重要的动力学边界条件之一     

龙门山逆冲构造带大地电磁测深初步成果

通过对穿过龙门山逆冲构造带中段松潘一中江大地电磁观测资料的处理和反演解释,揭示了松潘-甘孜褶皱带、龙门山及川西前陆盆地30 km深度的地壳电性结构,发现龙门山-松潘地壳15～20 km深部存在西倾连续的壳内商导层,大地电磁测深结果明显显示龙门山深部逆冲推覆构造特征.龙门山深部电性结构初步研究,对于分析其与相邻构造单元的关系,研究青藏高原东缘陆内造山带深部地球动力学过程都具有重要理论意义.     

利用SS前驱波研究纳斯卡–南美俯冲带周边上地幔间断面起伏及其动力学意义

利用USArray的远震记录资料, 对1万多条地震记录的SS前驱波进行共反射点叠加分析(叠加范围是半径为5°的球冠), 得到纳斯卡板块南部及南美板块西部(120°W—60°W, 30°S—5°N)上地幔间断面的起伏形态。由于数据很好地覆盖了研究区域, 叠加范围更小, 因此比以往的结果具有更高的空间分辨率。在Galapagos, Easter和 San Felix这3个热点下方观测到的间断面起伏形态符合地幔深部存在高温异常的假设。还观测到: 在东太平洋洋隆南段下方, 410 km间断面深度增加; 在俯冲带下方, 410 km和 660 km间断面深度增加。     

四川地区壳幔结构剖面S波接收函数分析

寻找青藏高原岩石圈热流物质向东流动的准确地震学证据及其动力学机制解释难点在于精确岩石圈厚度的求取.本文利用S波接收函数方法计算得到四川地区51个宽频台站的211个远震事件叠加接收函数,通过时深转换获得了该地区准确的地壳和岩石圈埋深分布.主要研究结果如下:四川地区地壳厚度变化范围为40～72 km,西藏的东部到四川盆地逐渐变薄,最厚的地方在雅江(YJI)地区,约为72 km,最薄的地方在盆地内部西充(XCO)地区,约为40 km,松潘-甘孜地块、川滇块体及滇中以北较厚,平均厚度为52～68 km,龙门山断裂西侧为55～60 km,四川盆地为40～50 km,存在10～15 km地壳厚度变化梯度;岩石圈埋深变化范围为100～180 km,整个四川地区表现出厚的四川盆地被薄的岩石圈环绕,外缘厚度为100～130 km,盆地内部为140～180 km,最厚的地方在"X"型断裂附近,呈现出"一凹两隆"的特征,最薄的地方是约100～120 km的龙门山断裂西侧及盆地西南部.建立的动力学模型为青藏高原东部热物质在向东流动的过程中被冷的、厚的、坚固的四川盆地阻挡,进而向东北和东南两个方向逃逸.     

汶川地震的岩石圈深部结构与动力学背景

中国西部地区由于受到印度板块向北推移挤压,青藏高原强烈变形,高原内部及其边缘的活断层上经常发生强烈地震,是大陆内部最活跃的地震区.汶川8级地震就发生在青藏高原东缘的松潘一甘孜地块与扬子地块交界的龙门山主中央断裂带上.作者利用面波层析成像、跨龙门山的被动源地震观测、爆破地震剖面的结果对震源附近的岩石圈结构和动力学特征进行研究,发现松潘一甘孜地块与扬子地块的岩石圈结构与性质有重大差异.扬子地块岩石圈显示为高速、坚固和稳定特性,而松潘-甘孜地块为低速、软弱及易于破碎.在松潘-甘孜地块中,中地壳内普遍存在一个低速层,它是引起中上地亮推覆运动的滑脱层,龙门山的推覆构造就是上部地壳仰冲的结果.汶川地震震源深度为14 km,正好位于龙门山推覆体的映秀-北川主中央断裂带上.     

我国大陆地壳及上地幔分块结构特征

根据地震测深资料及其它地球物理资料,可以将中国大陆分为5个次一级的板块及25个微板块。华南板块平均地壳厚度为32—45km,软流圈深度自80km变为200km。华北板块地壳厚度为35—45km,软流圈深度为60—100km。青藏板块平均地壳厚度达60—76km,软流圈深度为120—140km。估计了壳幔密度差,计算了我国大陆地壳厚度。讨论了我国大陆分块结构与现代构造活动性的关系和古板块划分。     

岩石圈下层塑性流动与板缘驱动力远程传递

大陆岩石圈和软流圈多层简化模型的分析表明：（１）喜马拉雅碰撞边界的驱动力,主要借助高原重力势的作用,通过岩石圈下层（含下地壳和岩石圈地幔）的塑性流动及其对脆性上导（上部地壳）曳引,实现其向中东亚大陆的远程传递,控制板内构造变形：（２）上部地壳单独传力时,因底面受下层阻碍,所能达到的最大作用距离仅约２００ｋｍ;（３）上、下层之间非连续分布的壳内软弱层（低速、高层层）和岩石圈之下的软流圈对上述流动传力     

华南块体各向异性分区及上地幔动力学含义

利用SKS波分裂方法,对布设在华南地区的宽频带流动地震观测台阵数据进行分析。研究结果表明,华南块体(SCB)的SKS波分裂自西向东存在明显的变化。在华南块体西部克拉通岩石圈保留完整的四川盆地区域,SKS波分裂不明显,反映该区域岩石圈厚且缺乏大规模的一致性变形;在四川盆地东缘褶皱带区域,SKS波分裂快波方向主要为NNE向,分裂延迟时间可以达到1s左右,记录了该区域岩石圈地幔经历的一致的显著变形;华南块体东部的SKS波分裂快波方向主要为ENE向,分裂延迟时间为1s左右,该区域各向异性主要来自软流圈流动的贡献,与大地幔楔的流动方向契合;四川盆地东缘以东200km范围内,各向异性结果大部分显示为Null值,显示该区域在地质历史上可能发生过复杂的地球动力学过程。     

南海北部沉积层和地壳内低速层的分布与识别

与构造活动密切相关的低速层一直是地球物理学家关注的焦点,随着我国南海北部海域海底地震仪与海陆联合地震探测的发展,完成的6条测线解释结果初步揭示了该区地壳结构特征,展现了低速层的分布情况．在南海北部共有5处发现速度倒转现象,其中3处发现于莺歌海盆地和珠江口盆地,属于沉积层中的低速层,其特征深度一般为2．0—6．0 km、速度2．5—3．0 km·s~(-1)、厚度为2．0—4．6 km,由于埋深较浅,可以利用折射震相与反射震相相结合的方法辨识低速层．其余2处位于南海东北部与西北部的海陆过渡带处,属于壳内低速层,其特征深度一般为7．0—18．0 km、速度为5．5—6．0 km·s~(-1)、厚度为3．0—6．0 km,由于埋深较大,难以接收到低速层底界面的反射波,而采用低速层走时间断的特性进行辨识．并结合其他学科的研究成果,初步探讨了不同深度低速层的构造成因,为南海形成演化理论提供了科学依据．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with