冷锻模具材料高速基体钢应变控制室温疲劳性能

对冷锻模具材料高速基体钢进行了室温下的单轴静态拉伸试验和应变控制单轴对称拉压低周疲劳试验,获得了静态拉伸力学性能和低周疲劳性能参数.通过对试验数据进行拟合,得到了高速基体钢材料在室温下静态单调拉伸应力-应变关系、循环应力-应变关系以及循环应变-寿命曲线.试验结果表明,该模具材料在本试验控制的循环应变幅范围内发生了循环软化,疲劳断裂之前未观察到明显的应力饱和现象.以控制应变幅为1.5%的试样为例,对材料的低周疲劳行为特性进行了分析.材料的循环应力响应分为明显软化,软化效应减弱和瞬时断裂3个阶段.     

800 MPa级低合金高强度钢低周疲劳性能

对利用驰豫-析出-控制相变(TMCP RPC工艺)技术获得的800MPa级超细晶粒低合金高强度钢的低周疲劳性能进行了测试,并对其循环特性和疲劳断口进行了观察和分析,发现该材料为循环软化,而且随着应变幅的提高,材料的软化速率逐渐增大.对材料的疲劳断口观察表明,疲劳裂纹起始于试样表面,沿断口周边分布,呈多源性特征.     

新型耐热钢的高温低周疲劳性能

研究了新型锅炉用耐热钢ＨＣＭ２Ｓ钢和Ｐ９１钢的高温低周疲劳性能．结果表明,ＨＣＭ２Ｓ钢和Ｐ９１钢均为循环软化材料．通过ＴＥＭ分析发现：ＨＣＭ２Ｓ钢的循环软化与富碳小岛中的马氏体板条回复、稳定位错胞的形成和Ｍ６Ｃ的生成有关,Ｐ９１钢的循环软化则与位错密度降低、位错重新分布引起的强化作用减弱有关,而Ｍ２３Ｃ６粗化只是Ｐ９１钢初始软化后,其强度不断降低的一个原因．同时,还给出了ＨＣＭ２Ｓ钢和Ｐ９１钢的应变－寿命方程     

船用945钢的低循环疲劳行为

通过恒应变控制的低循环疲劳试验,本文研究了船用945钢的低循环疲劳行为.得到了该钢的循环应力一应变曲线和应变一寿命关系,验证了该钢属于循环软化材料,具有典型的Masing特性.另外,还讨论了该钢的循环非弹性响应规律.     

高温循环变形对JLF-1钢微观结构的影响

低活性铁素体/马氏体钢,JLF-1,是聚变堆和超临界水冷堆的候选结构材料,高温循环软化现象是设计必须考虑的因素之一.为掌握JLF-1钢高温循环变形机理,本文采用透射电镜对JLF-1钢高温低周疲劳后样品的微观结构进行了分析,发现JLF-1钢的循环软化现象与位错密度、位错胞、板条宽度有关 其峰值拉应力与位错密度、板条宽度呈函数关系.     

Q345钢对接接头低周疲劳性能试验研究

采用等幅轴向低周疲劳试验,通过疲劳寿命、循环应力-应变响应特征及应力-应变滞回曲线等指标研究了Q345钢对接接头的疲劳性能,观察了疲劳断口宏观特征,并在试验研究和有限元分析的基础上,建立了该焊缝材料的疲劳寿命预测公式.结果表明:焊缝材料初始阶段表现为明显循环硬化现象,后期为轻微循环软化,总体上提高了材料的强度及疲劳性能;随着轴向位移的增加,应力幅增大,循环硬化率线性减小;滞回曲线光滑、饱满,材料耗能能力稳定;疲劳断口可明显划分为裂纹源区、裂纹扩展区和裂纹瞬断区,为典型疲劳破坏断口.得到的疲劳寿命预测公式对实际工程中Q345钢结构的疲劳分析和寿命预测具有重要意义.     

Z3CN20—09M铸造奥氏体不锈钢的低周疲劳行为

采用径向应变控制研究了Z3CN20-09M奥氏体不锈钢在室温和350℃高温下的低周疲劳行为．Z3CN20-09M不锈钢表现为先硬化后软化的循环特性,但硬化的程度取决于温度和应变幅．随着应变幅的增加,Z3CN20-09M钢的低周疲劳循环寿命逐渐减短,而相同循环次数下应力幅也随之提高．温度对Z3CN20-09M钢的低周疲劳行为影响较大,与室温相比高温下的循环硬化程度更高,相同应变幅下高温的低周疲劳寿命也高于常温下的寿命．通过疲劳实验的原位观察发现,奥氏体内的滑移面、夹杂物及奥氏体和铁素体两相的界面是疲劳裂纹可能的形核位置,奥氏体和铁素体两相的不协调变形使相界处产生应力集中,导致疲劳裂纹容易沿两相界面扩展．     

10CrNiMo高强钢的低周疲劳特性

采用圆形横截面光滑试样,通过轴向不同应变幅控制的低周疲劳试验,研究了10CrNiMo高强钢的低周疲劳特性,包括循环应力-应变行为、应变-寿命特点、循环应力响应及其力学滞后现象,给出了相应的疲劳参数、循环软硬化特性及应变滞后规律.对裂纹扩展方向及试样疲劳断口的观察表明:裂纹扩展面与轴向力呈现多角度关系,裂纹萌生于试样表面,沿断口周边分布,且具有多源性;疲劳裂纹主要以锐化--钝化机制扩展.     

X12CrMoWVNbN10-1-1转子钢室温低周疲劳特性

采用应变控制对超超临界汽轮机转子钢X12CrMoWVNbN10-1-1进行室温低周疲劳试验,并对试验结果进行了讨论.拟合了循环应力-应变曲线和应变-寿命曲线,得到该材料的室温低周疲劳特性参数,包括Ramberg-Osgood参数和Manson-Coffin参数,推测出该材料的转变寿命.对低周疲劳试验开始和结束两个阶段的拉压应力峰值、拉压卸载弹性模量以及迟滞回线面积进行了对比分析,并对不同应变幅控制的低周疲劳对应的应力变化进行了讨论.     

引入应变循环损伤的材料裂纹扩展行为预测模型

根据循环载荷下的裂尖循环弹塑性应力应变场分析,结合Manson-Coffin经验关系,定义了基于循环塑性区内材料塑性应变幅值的单位平均损伤;根据Miner疲劳线性累积损伤理论,以裂尖扩展方向的循环塑性区尺寸为裂纹裂尖的单位扩展量,提出了基于低周疲劳损伤预测I型裂纹扩展速率的新预测模型.新模型中给出的参数均有明确的物理意义,不需要人为调试.Cr2Ni2MoV和X12CrMoWVNbN 10-1-1两种转子材料的低周疲劳试验结果表明,新模型对这两种材料裂纹扩展速率的预测结果与试验结果吻合良好.利用相关文献中提供的6种材料的低周疲劳性能数据,进一步验证了新模型用于裂纹扩展速率预测的良好适用性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that