In vitro and in vivo catabolism of cholesterol in meal-fed rats

Zusammenfassung Bei männlichen Wistar-Ratten wurde der Einfluss des meal-feeding-Regimes nach täglicher 2stündlicher Fütterung an Leberschnitten auf den Katabolismus von Cholesterol-4-¹⁴C geprüft und normal befunden. Im In-vivo-Versuch unter denselben experimentellen Bedingungen zeigte weder der Katabolismus noch die Exkretion des i. p. applizierten Cholesterol-4-¹⁴C eine Veränderung.     

Inhibition of deiodination of diiodotyrosine in vivo; relation to catecholamine biosynthesis

Résumé La diiodotyrosine est un puissant inhibiteur in vitro de l'enzyme limitant la synthèse des catécholamines, la tyrosine hydroxylase. Or, administrée in vivo à des rats, la diiodotyrosine n'inhibe que très peu la production endogène de catécholamines. Cependant, en ralentissant la rapide désioduration de la diiodotyrosine injectée par le ménadione, on observe une inhibition marquée de la synthèse des catécholamines in vivo.     

In vivo and in vitro effect of sulfathiazole on serum glycoproteins

Zusammenfassung Durch Sulfathiazolzugabe in vitro oder durch Sulfathiazolbehandlung in vivo wird der Glycoproteingehalt des Albumins und der-1-Globuline reduziert.     

In vivo and in vitro molecular hybridization of malate dehydrogenase isozymes

Résumé Les hybrides moléculaires des isozymes de la déshydrogénase de malate de différentes espèces de poissons peuvent être engendrés in vitro en gelant puis dégelant les isozymes en présence du sel. L'isozyme hybride est identique à celle observée in vivo dans l'hybride interspécifique F₁.     

In vivo and in vitro differences between leukocytic uptake of oligodeoxynucleotides

Development and application of therapeutic oligonucleotides rely on proper analysis of binding and uptake. We have used several model oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) to analyze binding/uptake by rat and human leukocytes. Here we describe: (1) differences between in vivo and in vitro uptake of ODNs to rat leukocytes, (2) differences after injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), (3) large in vitro differences between primary mononuclear cells in PBS, plasma and blood, and (4) differences of ODN uptake between rat and human leukocytes. Our data show that ODN uptake by primary blood cells was different in PBS, plasma and blood. In addition, LPS treatment increased ODN uptake by leukocytes in blood, indicating that pathological conditions may influence ODN uptake. Furthermore, ODN uptake in rat and human blood is also different, suggesting that preclinical ODN uptake data from rat blood cannot easily be extrapolated to the human condition. Received 17 December 2007; received after revision 16 January 2008; accepted 5 February 2008     

In vitro and in vivo interaction of nuclear antibodies with corresponding antigens

Zusammenfassung Es wird mit indirekter Immunofluoreszenz gezeigt, dass Leberzellkerne mit Antikörpern bedeckt werden können, wenn sie systemischemLupus erythromatosus-Serum (SLE) für weniger als 2 sec ausgesetzt werden, und dass die Färbungsintensität vom Titer des Antikörpers abhängt.Diese Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass das in SLE-Geweben durch direkte Immunofluoreszenz nachgewiesene nukleare-Globulin hauptsächlich nukleare post-Biopsiereaktionen wiederspiegelt und weniger in vivo-Reaktionen, und dass in beiden Fällen nur abgestorbene oder nicht intakte Zellen vom Antikörper durchdrungen werden.

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This investigation was supported in part by a training grant (2E-130) from the U.S. Public Health Service. Taken in part from thesis (G.W.B.) submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of the University of Buffalo (N.Y., USA) in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (1962). Present address (G.W.B.): Department of Pathology, State University of New York at Buffalo.     

In vivo and in vitro incorporation of 3H-thymidine in the uterus of the rabbit during pseudopregnancy

During pseudopregnancy in the Rabbit the DNA synthesis in the uterine epithelium is very reduced. These results conjoined with the decrease of the mitotic index and previous ultrastructural observations allow to think that multinucleated cells proceed mainly by cell fusion.     

In vitro and in vivo inhibitory action of 2-amino-4,6-dichloropyrimidine on polio and herpes virus

Résumé La 2-amino-4,6-dichloropyrimidine (Py 11) est capable d'inhiber la réplication du poliovirus et du virusHerpes simplex dans des milieux de culture complète, à condition que la mercaptoéthanolamine y soit aussi présente. Les combinaisons des deux composés sont actives, in vivo contre l'herpes cornealis du lapin.

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This work has been supported by a Grant of the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Roma.     

In vitro andin vivo activity on catalase of electrophoretically pure human serum albumin

Riassunto Albumine umane purissime dimostranoin vivo sulla catalasi epatica dei topi, una inibizione molto significativa fino alla dose di 10 mg/topo;in vitro, sulla catalasi cristallizzata, determinano un certo aumento dell'attività di difficile interpretazione.

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Acknowledgment. The present research was partially supported by a grant from Farmitalia S.p.A.     

Fenofibrate inhibits angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo

Fenofibrate, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-alpha activator, used as a normolipidemic agent, is thought to offer additional beneficial effects in atherosclerosis. Since angiogenesis is involved in plaque progression, hemorrhage, and instability, the main causes of ischemic events, this study was designed to evaluate the action of fenofibrate on angiogenesis. Our results show that fenofibrate (i) inhibits endothelial cell proliferation induced by angiogenic factors, followed at high concentrations by an increase in apoptosis, (ii) inhibits endothelial cell migration in a healing wound model, (iii) inhibits capillary tube formation in vitro, and (iv) inhibits angiogenesis in vivo. Concerning the mechanism of action, the inhibition of endothelial cell migration by fenofibrate can be explained by a disorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. At the molecular level, fenofibrate markedly decreased basic fibroblast growth factor-induced Akt activation and cyclooxygenase 2 gene expression. This inhibition of angiogenesis could participate in the beneficial effect of fenofibrate in atherosclerosis.     

In vivo and in vitro study of the effect of pregnant female serum graft rejection in Salamandra salamandra Lin]

Serum from pregnant female Salamandra salamandra inhibits the cytotoxic reaction from the mother towards its larvae. Such a serum accelerates the allograft rejection reaction. In vitro studies show that a serum from pregnant female inhibits the cytotoxic reaction of host spleen cells towards epithelial cells of the donor of the graft.     

Captopril (SQ 14,225): In vitro and in vivo influence on the proliferative response of rat lymphocytes

Summary Captopril in vitro (50–500 g/ml) increased³H-TdR incorporation in unstimulated and mitogen-stimulated cultures of rat lymphocytes. Unseparated spleen and lymph node cells of rats orally treated with captopril (50 mg/kg/day×4) showed decreased basal and mitogen stimulated³H-TdR incorporation. The removal of macrophages abrogated this inhibitory effect. Leucine aminopeptidase activity of macrophages was reduced — in vivo and in vitro — by captopril.Acknowledgments. The authors thank the Squibb Institute for Medical Research for the gift of Captopril. The excellent technical assistance of Ms B. Hasselriis, Ms B. Rumler and Ms E. Greve Petersen is gratefully acknowledged.     

An alternative route for biosynthesis of methylhistamine: In vitro and in vivo formation through decarboxylation ofl-3-methylhistidine

Résumé On a mis en évidence chez le Rat une formation de méthylhistamine-³H par décarboxylation de lal-3-méthylhistidine-³H. Cette réaction se produit in vitro et in vivo dans des tissus riches en histidine décarboxylase et elle est prévenue par un inhibiteur de cette enzyme. Les implications biologiques de l'existence de cette nouvelle voie métabolique sont envisagées.     

Mechanisms of glial-guided neuronal migration in vitro and in vivo

Our laboratory has developed an in vitro model system in which glial-guided neuronal migration can be observed in real time. Cerebellar granule neurons migrate on astroglial fibers by apposing their cell soma against the glial arm, forming a specialized migration junction, and extending a motile leading process in the direction of migration. In vitro assays indicate that the neuronal antigen astrotactin functions as a neuron-glia ligand, and is likely to play a role in the movement of neurons along glial fibers. In heterotypic recombinations of neurons and glia from mouse cerebellum and rat hippocampus, neurons migrate on heterotypic glial processes with a cytology, speed and mode of movement identical to that of neuronal migration on homotypic glial fibers, suggesting that glial fibers provide a permissive pathway for neuronal migration in developing brain. In vivo analyses of developing cerebellum demonstrate a close coordination of afferent axon ingrowth relative to target cell migration. These studies indicate that climbing fibers contact immature Purkinje neurons during the migration and settling of Purkinje cells, implicating a role for afferents in the termination of migration.     

Mechanisms of glial-guided neuronal migration in vitro and in vivo

Summary Our laboratory has developed an in vitro model system in which glial-guided neuronal migration can be observed in real time. Cerebellar granule neurons migrate on astroglial fibers by apposing their cell soma against the glial arm, forming a specialized migration junction, and extending a motile leading process in the direction of migration. In vitro assays indicate that the neuronal antigen astrotactin functions as a neuron-glia ligand, and is likely to play a role in the movement of neurons along glial fibers. In heterotypic recombinations of neurons and glia from mouse cerebellum and rat hippocampus, neurons migrate on heterotypic glial processes with a cytology, speed and mode of movement identical to that of neuronal migration on homotypic glial fibers, suggesting that glial fibers provide a permissive pathway for neuronal migration in developing brain. In vivo analyses of developing cerebellum demonstrate a close coordination of afferent axon ingrowth relative to target cell migration. These studies indicate that climbing fibers contact immature Purkinje neurons during the migration and settling of Purkinje cells, implicating a role for afferents in the termination of migration.