关于外平面图的完备着色

本文证明了对每一个△(G)≥3的外平面图G,有X~c(G)≤△(G)+3,其中X~c(G)为G的完备色数,△(G)为G的顶点最大度。     

最大度为6的平面图是13-线性可染的

图G的线性色数lc（G）是指G的所有线性染色中所用的最少颜色的个数．运用Discharging方法，研究了平面图的线性色数问题，证明了最大度为6的平面图是13-线性可染的．     

一些特殊平面图的圆色数

给出了四类无穷族平面图的圆色数：第一族平面图的圆色数介于3和4之间；最后两族平面图的圆色数都是7/2；第二族平面图的圆色数为11/3，这是一族满足圆色数介于7/2和4之间的无穷族平面图，回答了Gao提出的问题．     

1-树与外平面图的无圈边着色

设f是图G的一个正常边着色，若在f下G中没有2-色圈，则称f是图G的一个无圈边着色，其所用最小色数为G的无圈边色数。N．Alon猜想对所有简单图，无圈边色数不超过其最大度加2。本文证明了该猜想对1-树与外平面图成立，且它们的色数均不超过最大度加1。     

最大度为3的2-连通外平面图的星边染色

如果图G中没有长为4的路是2-边染色的,那么称图G的一个正常边染色是星边染色的.使得G有星边染色的最小颜色数称为G的星边色数,记作X1s(G).研究了最大度为3的2-连通外平面图的星边染色,证明了4≤X1s(G)≤6,确定了一些特殊外平面图的星边色数.     

外部平面图的平方图的染色

图G的平方图，记作G^2，是一个以原图的顶点集为顶点集，若原图中两点的距离不大于2则连以边所成的图．本文确定了圈的平方图的色数．对于外部平面图，得到以下结论：设G是一个最大度为△(G)的简单连通外部平面图，G≠C5．则x(G^2)≤△(G) 2．     

平面图的强边染色的一个结果

如果图G的一个正常边染色的任意有公共邻边的两条边的染色不相同,则它是图G的一个强边染色。图G的强边染色所需要的最小颜色数称作图G的强边色数。本文利用差值转移方法证明了最大顶点度为偶数且不小于6的平面图,如果其不含有3圈,则其强边色数不超过5△2/4,特别地,本文证明了最大顶点度为4的平面图,如果其围长不小于5,则其强边色数不超过20。     

几类平面图的集合色数

设G是非平凡连通图,记c:V(G)→N是G的一个顶点染色,这里相邻的两个顶点可以着相同的颜色。对于图G的任一顶点ν,与ν相邻的顶点所着颜色的集称为邻色集,记NC(ν)。如果G中任意相邻的两个顶点ν,u满足NC(u)≠NC(ν),则称c是G的一个集合染色。集合染色所需的最少的颜色数称为G的集合色数,记χs(G)。本文给出了团数是3的平面图,没有4圈的平面图及烟花图和风车图的集合色数。     

平面图正常4—着色数的一个计算公式

四色定理等价于任何准极大平面图（near-triangulation）至少有一个正常4－着色。给出了对任意给定的准极大平面图都能准确求出其正常4－着色数的计算公式,该公式的复杂性揭示了四色定理本身所蕴涵的难度。为研究四色定理提供了一条与以往不同的途径。     

不含3圈的平面图的无圈边染色

图的无圈边染色是图的染色理论中的一个重要问题,2001年,Alon等猜想任意简单图G的无圈边色数都不超过△（G）＋2,其中△（G）为图G的最大顶点度。为了研究该猜想对平面图是否成立,利用差值转移方法,证明了不包含三角形的平面图G的无圈边色数不超过△（G）＋3．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that