以光催化氧化与生物降解一体式反应器处理苯酚的研究

将TiO2催化剂与生物膜组合为一体,开发了一种光催化氧化与生物降解一体式反应器,并用于苯酚的处理.分别比较5种方法降解苯酚的效率,即在单独的光催化氧化、单独的生物方法、先光催化氧化再生物降解、先生物降解再光催化氧化以及光催化氧化与生物降解一体化等条件下的降解效率,重点比较苯酚矿化的程度.结果表明:采用单独的生物方法对苯酚进行降解时,苯酚的降解速率比单独的光催化氧化要快,但两种方法对苯酚的矿化程度较低,即相应的COD去除率小于50%.当光催化氧化/生物降解和生物降解/光催化氧化分别进行分步组合并对苯酚进行降解时,苯酚的降解效率有所提高,相应的COD去除率分别提高到70%和60%.而采用光催化氧化与生物降解一体化方法对苯酚进行处理时,苯酚的降解效率进一步提高,同时COD的去除率高达95%以上.     

酚类化学品在好氧污水处理系统中归趋特征

酚类化学品(PCs)大多具有内分泌干扰及水生毒性效应,对生态环境带来潜在风险。污水处理厂(STP)阶段的去除和归趋对于评估PCs的环境风险具有重要意义。使用快速生物降解性、STP室内模拟试验、STP实测及模型预测方法研究18种PCs在好氧STP系统中的生物降解潜力、去除和归趋特性。结果表明:8种PCs可快速生物降解,在STP室内模拟系统中去除率85%,分别为4-乙基苯酚、2-甲基-5-异丙基苯酚、1-萘酚、4-仲丁基苯酚、4-n-庚基苯酚、4-溴苯酚、4-异丙基苯酚、4-丁基苯酚。4-仲丁基-2,6-二叔丁基苯酚、2,4-二叔戊基苯酚、4-叔丁基苯酚不可快速生物降解,4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)苯酚28 d生物降解率为48%,这4个物质在STP室内模拟系统中去除率较高(90%),在实际STP中的去除情况为2,4-二叔戊基苯酚(83%)、4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)苯酚(38%～74%)、4-叔丁基苯酚(12%～71%),模型揭示其去除可能与挥发性、吸附性有关。3种PCs不可快速生物降解,在STP室内模拟系统各试验阶段去除率均不高,分别为四溴双酚A(61%～71%)、五溴苯酚(25%～51%)、2-氨基-4-溴苯酚(68%～97%)。四溴双酚A和五溴苯酚主要通过污泥吸附去除,2-氨基-4-溴苯酚的去除可能与生物降解有关。2,4-二溴苯酚、2,4,6-三溴苯酚和2-氟-4-溴苯酚可快速生物降解,但在STP室内模拟系统中,水力停留时间(HRT)为6 h时去除率有限,HRT需12 h才能达到80%以上去除。PCs在STP进水中检出率较高,大部分PCs检出率可达100%。进水和出水中检出浓度分别为未检出(ND)～13 635 ng/L以及ND～289 ng/L。PCs在实际STP中的去除率偏低,且变异性较大,可能与废水波动性、运行工况有关,在风险评估中应该考虑这种变异性。     

盐度升高对三种苯酚处理系统冲击的研究

高含盐废水能使常规生物处理系统处理性能下降、甚至崩溃.以苯酚为基质,对SBR处理系统(A)以及两种接触氧化处理系统B、C(其中B使用自制粉煤灰微孔填料,C使用自制微孔玻璃填料)抗盐度冲击能力的研究表明,盐度突然升高到3%会使A,B,C三种系统的苯酚去除率分别下降87%,68%和74%;但短时间内三种系统都能恢复到加盐前的处理水平.以降解速率变化为依据,使用微孔填料的B,C处理系统抗盐度冲击能力大于A系统,且B,C系统出水平均浊度低于5NTU.在NaCl含量0~150g.L-1下,苯酚生物降解速率对苯酚浓度均为0级反应,适当延长水力停留时间可以使苯酚完全去除.     

双酯基季铵盐生物降解性影响因素研究

研究了水体中双酯基季铵盐的生物降解性,测试好氧条件下曝气量、初始接种量、双酯基季铵盐起始浓度对其生物降解性能的影响.结果表明,双酯基季铵盐具有极强的生物降解性,最佳工艺条件为:曝气量15L·h-1,反应温度25℃,初始接种量160mg MLSS·L-1,双酯基季铵盐最佳起始浓度10mg DOC·L-1.此时,双酯基季铵盐10d的生物降解率为43.1%,28d的生物降解率为87.92%.     

分散染料的生物降解性能

采用了[BOD5]／[CODcr]和呼吸速率曲线两种方法对6大类14种分散染料的好氧生物降解性能进行测试。实验表明，分散染料在好氧状态下大都难降解。然后又考察了这些染料的厌氧生物降解性能，发现这些染料经厌氧反应后大都变得可生化降解，并且染料结构与其降解性能之间有一定的关系。     

焦化废水中有机污染物好氧生物降解特性的研究

在实验室条件下，用瓦呼仪作为测试手段，研究了焦化废水中咪唑等八种有机物的好氧生物降解特性．并对这些有机物在单一基质和与苯酚共基质条件下降解特性的变化情况进行了研究．     

年产50吨邻氟苯酚

<正>技术简介邻氟苯酚生产以邻氟苯胺和亚硝酸钠为主要原料。生产工艺简单:邻氟苯胺→重氮化→水解→提纯。所有副产品可循环回收,少量三废可处理合格达标。     

超高效液相色谱荧光法检测卷烟主流烟气中的挥发酚

建立了快速测定卷烟主流烟气中(邻、间、对)-苯二酚、(邻、间、对)-甲基苯酚和苯酚的超高效液相色谱荧光检测法(UPLC-FLR).采用1%的醋酸水溶液对剑桥滤片进行超声提取后,经0.2μm滤膜过滤直接进行UPLC分析.利用FLR检测器分别对7种挥发酚进行定性定量,且(间、对)甲基苯酚可以完全分开.该法检测卷烟主流烟气中挥发酚相对标准偏差为0.73%～4.62%,回收率为86.62%～96.88%.方法具有前处理简便、分析时间短、重现性好等优点,适合卷烟主流烟气中酚类物质的批量快速检测.     

水解酸化工艺改善油田采出水生物降解性能

研究了水解酸化工艺改善难生物降解油田采出水的生物降解性能及其有机物去除效果．结果表明,在污泥量为25000 mg/L,HRT为8h条件下,采出水中石油类物质降低到了10 mg/L以下,挥发酚类物质降低到了未检出水平,生物降解性能得到了较大改善,其BOD_5/COD提高了17%,为后续好氧生物处理提供了良好的基质准备．工艺抗毒性和冲击负荷能力较强,出水稳定．     

聚环氧琥珀酸的微生物降解研究

用摇床培养实验方法,研究聚环氧琥珀酸(PESA)在不同条件下的生物降解性能.结果表明:当接种物浓度为2g/L,而PESA浓度分别为800和50 mg/L时,PESA的生物降解率分别可达到52.56%,90.53%;当接种物浓度为0.1 g/L,而PESA分别为500和50 mg/L时,PESA的生物降解率分别可达到71.32%,84.05%.同时还做了PESA与其他阻垢剂的生物降解性的比较实验,结果表明:生物降解性与聚合物的分子结构有很大关系,分子结构决定聚合物的降解快慢及其能否完全降解.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.