富水砂层土压平衡盾构施工渣土改良试验

针对深圳的富水砂层,采用泡沫、膨润土以及高分子聚合物等添加剂,改良盾构施工渣土,进行现场坍落度试验.基于现场试验结果,通过对土样进行电镜扫描以及压缩、渗透等室内试验研究,分析了改性渣土细观结构以及渗透、压缩特性的变化.对添加剂改善富水砂性土的流塑性、保水性以及开挖面动态土压平衡机理作了较深入的探讨.结果表明,富水砂层中,采用质量比为1∶7、外掺量为8%~10%的膨润土进行渣土改良,可满足施工需求.     

基于激光扫描技术的盾构渣土改良状态自动识别方法

为促进渣土改良状态评价方法向着规范化、自动化的方向发展,提出一种基于激光扫描技术的盾构渣土改良状态快速自动识别方法。针对不同含水率和泡沫注入比的粗粒土试样开展坍落度试验,采用激光扫描仪获得坍落体中心位置竖向截面轮廓点云数据,并通过计算机提取截面轮廓几何特征点,获得试样的坍落度和割线角,建立以坍落度和割线角的合适范围作为合适改良状态评价指标的自动识别方法。研究结果表明：采用坍落度和坍落体割线角可以准确识别改良粗粒土的改良状态;相对于传统坍落度试验,该方法的突出优点是可自动扫描并快速识别渣土的改良状态;室内坍落度试验结果验证了该方法对粗粒土试样改良状态识别的有效性,可为研究盾构水平传送带上渣土截面轮廓几何特征和渣土改良状态识别提供参考。     

土压平衡盾构改良渣土力学行为及其地层响应特征

基于土压平衡盾构改良渣土的力学行为直接影响着土舱压力传递性、地层沉降和开挖面稳定性,以南昌地区泥质粉砂岩和砾砂作为试验材料,采用泡沫剂和膨润土泥浆为改良剂,对渣土进行三轴快剪(不固结不排水)试验,并基于三维数值模拟,分析渣土改良对地层响应的影响。研究结果表明:改良和未改良渣土的应力-应变曲线都近似于硬化型曲线,并且硬化曲线特征不受改良剂的影响;改良后渣土的抗剪强度大幅度减小,改良剂添加率越高,渣土抗剪强度越低,改良效果越好;泡沫和膨润土泥浆对渣土的改良机理存在一定差异,采用泡沫改良渣土能降低渣土内摩擦角和黏聚力;采用膨润土泥浆改良渣土能减小渣土内摩擦角,而其黏聚力小幅度增大;考虑改良渣土和盾构机刀盘的影响时,开挖面支护应力曲线呈现出非线性,其分布受刀盘开口分布位置的影响;开挖面的支护应力和地层响应均受到渣土改良的影响,改良效果越好,开挖面支护应力越小,开挖面前方地层沉降越大;与采用膨润土泥浆改良渣土相比,采用泡沫改良渣土后开挖面支护应力较小,地层沉降较大。     

基于高光谱的法国梧桐和毛白杨叶片叶绿素含量反演模型研究

利用ASD便携式野外光谱仪和SPAD-502叶绿素计,实测了落叶阔叶树法国梧桐(Platanus orientalis L)和毛白杨(Populus tomentosa Carr)叶片的高光谱反射率与叶片绿度,并对原始光谱反射率及一阶导数光谱与叶片绿度进行了相关分析;采用导数光谱数据敏感波段建立了叶绿素含量估算模型,法国梧桐和毛白杨模型的确定性系数R2分别为0.7791和0.6858;采用相关系数较大的波段作为BP和RBF人工神经网络模型的输入变量,分别进行了叶绿素含量的估算,结果表明,BP和RBF神经网络模型预测效果均良好,在预测精度上,RBF略优于BP神经网络模型.     

多参数影响下污水总氮浓度预测最优方法研究

污水总氮(TN)深度脱除是当前我国污水处理领域的重大科技需求.TN的去除受到多种环境及操作条件的影响,开发多参数条件下稳健的TN浓度预测方法是降低污水厂能耗、实现智能化控制的重要前提.针对以上问题,以某实际污水处理厂反硝化深床滤池为例,采用BP神经网络(BP)、量子遗传算法优化的BP神经网络(QGA_BP)、改进的QGA_BP和支持向量回归机(SVR),在进水流量和碳源投加量等13种变量条件下,对滤池出水TN进行了模拟预测.共选取147组数据,其中130组用于出水水质和工艺参数的拟合模拟,17组用于结果验证.将总氮实测值依次与BP,QGA_BP和改进的QGA_BP神经网络以及SVR预测结果进行对比,相关系数R2依次增大,分别为0.221,0.275,0.826和0.951,即预测值与实测值之间的拟合度逐渐升高.SVR克服了神经网络预测误差较大的问题,对多参数影响下TN浓度的预测具有较高的准确性和稳定性,用其替代常用的神经网络算法具有明显的优势.     

基于Copula EDA优化BP神经网络的表面粗糙度预测

为了提高预测机械加工表面粗糙度的精度,提出了基于Copula分布估计算法(estimation of distribution algorithm,EDA)优化BP神经网络的方法.以铣削45#钢为试验对象,采用控制变量法进行切削试验.在线测量主切削力、轴向力、径向力和振幅,并进行数据处理,得到相应切削力的平均值、标准差、均方根值及振幅,同时离线测量二维粗糙度R_a、三维粗糙度平均值S_a和均方根值S_q.对切削分力的平均值、标准差、均方根值及振幅与粗糙度做相关性分析,选择Kendall秩相关系数最大的主切削力平均值作为输入变量,输入BP神经网络和基于Copula EDA优化BP神经网络,进行训练和预测.试验结果表明:基于Copula EDA优化BP神经网络的预测精度总体高于BP神经网络的预测精度,对R_a,S_a和S_q的平均预测精度分别达到91.98%,91.03%和89.10%.     

基于GMDH的地震液化场地侧向变形预测模型

基于GMDH神经网络,建立了地震液化场地侧向变形的预测模型,并将其结果与传统反向传播BP、遗传算法优化BP、径向基函数RBF等神经网络的预测结果进行比较.结果表明,缓坡和临空面场地中,所提模型在训练样本集的拟合相关系数分别为96.43％和93.82％,模型准确度较高.对于缓坡场地,倾斜率、液化土层厚度与侧向变形成正相关...     

基于BP-Adaboost的近红外光谱检测固态发酵过程pH值

为了实现固态发酵过程参数pH值的快速检测,提出基于近红外光谱技术的固态发酵过程参数pH值检测新方法.首先获取140个固态发酵过程产物样本在10 000 ～4 000 cm-1范围内的近红外光谱;然后利用酸度计测得近红外光谱预测模型的参考测量值;最后运用Adaboost(AdaptiveBoosting)算法来构建由10个弱预测器(BP神经网络)组成的BP-Adaboost强预测模型.试验结果显示:该模型的预测均方根误差(RMSEP)和预测集相关系数(R)分别为0.072 6和0.981 1;与BP模型结果相比,该模型具有较好的预测精度.     

不同含石量条件下砂卵石土特性试验研究

砂卵石地层是一种典型的力学不稳定地层,盾构在此类地层施工中常遇到出土困难、刀盘磨损和地下水喷涌等问题.针对此类地层物质组成和结构的复杂多变性,选择洛阳地铁2号线某站点附近砂卵石地层进行取样,进行不同含石量下砂卵石土的大型直剪试验、坍落度试验和渗透试验,系统地研究了含石量对砂卵石土抗剪强度、流动性和渗透性的影响.试验结果表明:砂卵石土抗剪强度和内摩擦角均随着含石量的增加而呈非线性增大,且含石量小于30%时抗剪强度和内摩擦角增大较小,含石量位于30%～70%时抗剪强度和内摩擦角增大显著,含石量大于70%时抗剪强度和内摩擦角变化不明显;砂卵石土坍落度随着含石量增大而减小,且存在一个减小速率明显不同的分界含石量约为50%;砂卵石土渗透系数随着含石量的增加而增大,且表现出与抗剪强度和内摩擦角一致的规律.     

基于BP神经网络的玛纳斯河流域雪盖率预测

为了实现对新疆玛纳斯河流域的雪盖率预测,为该区融雪径流预报提供数据支撑,本文选取反向传播(BP)神经网络模型时间序列预测的方法对研究区雪盖率的预测问题进行了研究.首先基于2001-2012年研究区中分辨率成像光谱仪(Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer,MODIS)积雪数据产品MOD10A2提取研究区雪盖并计算雪盖率,分析研究区雪盖率变化在时间上的自相关性,据此选取对预测值影响较大的相邻若干个历史时刻的雪盖率以及往年同期雪盖率的均值作为模型输入变量,建立神经网络模型,并选取相关系数与确定系数作为模型预测效果的评价指标.结果表明:以BP神经网络时间序列预测方法预测2012年积雪覆盖率,输入变量为与待预测雪盖率相邻的前期雪盖率值与往年同期雪盖率均值,预测值与实际值的相关系数为0.80,确定系数为0.61,预测结果基本反映了2012年雪盖率的年内变化趋势,可以为融雪径流模型(SRM)径流预报提供一定的数据支撑.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that