汶川地震的岩石圈深部结构与动力学背景

中国西部地区由于受到印度板块向北推移挤压,青藏高原强烈变形,高原内部及其边缘的活断层上经常发生强烈地震,是大陆内部最活跃的地震区.汶川8级地震就发生在青藏高原东缘的松潘一甘孜地块与扬子地块交界的龙门山主中央断裂带上.作者利用面波层析成像、跨龙门山的被动源地震观测、爆破地震剖面的结果对震源附近的岩石圈结构和动力学特征进行研究,发现松潘一甘孜地块与扬子地块的岩石圈结构与性质有重大差异.扬子地块岩石圈显示为高速、坚固和稳定特性,而松潘-甘孜地块为低速、软弱及易于破碎.在松潘-甘孜地块中,中地壳内普遍存在一个低速层,它是引起中上地亮推覆运动的滑脱层,龙门山的推覆构造就是上部地壳仰冲的结果.汶川地震震源深度为14 km,正好位于龙门山推覆体的映秀-北川主中央断裂带上.     

华北克拉通北缘中段中新元古代热构造事件及其演化

近年华北地块北缘陆续发现和厘定出许多中新元古代变质火山-沉积地层,各种类型的深成侵入岩体以及各种样式的构造形迹,但对其性质及构造属性认识不统一。作者在详细研究前人成果基础上,认为华北地块北缘中段中新元古代经历了中元古代早期的伸展裂解、中元古代晚期的挤压汇聚、新元古代-早古生代的伸展裂解及早古生代晚期的挤压汇聚演化过程,伴随挤压汇聚有火山深成侵入岩浆活动和构造变质热事件的年代记录。中元古代晚期挤压汇聚事件表明华北地块北缘发育一条中元古代晚期大陆边缘碰撞造山带,这一碰撞造山事件为华北地块在 Rodinia 超大陆拼合模式提供了最基本的制约条件。     

华北克拉通中元古代岩墙群形成的构造应力场数值模拟

华北克拉通中部广泛发育中元古代镁铁质岩墙群。这些岩墙群未变形和未变质,侵位于先存破裂中,成为恢复华北克拉通中部中元古代构造应力场的显著标志。克拉通北部地块的镁铁质岩墙群为张剪性,而中部和南部地块为张性。根据华北克拉通中部中元古代镁铁质岩墙群的分布和成因机制分析,来恢复模拟中元古代的构造应力场。数值模拟结果表明镁铁质岩墙群在中元古代形成于伸展的大地构造背景,与横穿华北克拉通中部的燕辽-中条拗拉槽系的伸展作用有一定的联系。     

关于黔中隆起的几个问题

据地史记录,地球物理和地球化学异常,地学界所称的“黔中隆起”,是一条东接“武陵隆起”西联“牛首山隆起”的热线带,是一条横贯扬子地块的一直都在活动的构造带,只是在各阶段的活动方式、活动烈度、表现形式和涉及地域不同而已。这一热线构造活动带,在前晚元古代(距今约14亿年)是处于离散型张裂阶段,表现为以中元古界梵净山群所反映的大陆边缘裂谷盆地环境;武陵期,它因扬子板块的俯     

华北克拉通中元古代岩墙群形成的构造应力场数值模拟

华北克拉通中部广泛发育中元古代镁铁质岩墙群. 这些岩墙群未变形和未变质,侵位于先存破裂中,成为恢复华北克拉通中部中元古代构造应力场的显著标志.克拉通北部地块的镁铁质岩墙群为张剪性,而中部和南部地块为张性.根据华北克拉通中部中元古代镁铁质岩墙群的分布和成因机制分析,来恢复模拟中元古代的构造应力场.数值模拟结果表明镁铁质岩墙群在中元古代形成于伸展的大地构造背景,与横穿华北克拉通中部的燕辽-中条拗拉槽系的伸展作用有一定的联系.     

华北克拉通元古代岩墙群形成的构造应力场数值模拟

华北克拉通中部广泛发育中元古代镁铁质岩墙群。这些岩墙未变形和未变质，侵位于先存破裂中，成为恢复华北克拉通中部中元古代构造应力场的显著标志。克拉通北部地块的镁铁质岩墙群为张剪性，而中部和南部地块为张性。根据华北克拉通中部中元古代镁铁质岩墙群的分布和成因机制分析，来恢复模拟中元古代的构造应力场。数值模拟结果表明镁铁质岩墙群在中元古代形成于伸展的大地构造背景，与横穿华北克拉通中部的燕辽-中条拗拉槽系的伸展作用有一定的联系。     

新路盆地火山岩Sr-Nd同位素地球化学特征及其地质意义

在浙西新路盆地中生代酸性火山岩的Sr-Nd同位素组成和Nd同位素模式年龄基础上,探讨了其源岩性质及其大地构造意义。结果显示,构成新路盆地主体的黄尖组晶屑熔结凝灰岩和花岗斑岩的平均锶初始值分别为0.714 10、0.710 39,ε_(Nd)(t)值分别为-5.5、-5.7;黄尖组晶屑熔结凝灰岩和花岗斑岩的两阶段模式年龄均值分别为1 366Ma、1 387Ma,与扬子地块基底双溪坞群变质岩年龄(900~1 000 Ma)差异明显,而与华夏地块基底陈蔡群变质岩年龄(1 400 Ma)接近;2个单元火山岩Nd同位素均位于陈蔡群Nd同位素演化域。研究认为,新路盆地黄尖组熔结凝灰岩和花岗斑岩具有相似的物质来源,均表现出壳源和幔源物质混合成因特点,壳源物质可能源自南部华夏地块的陈蔡群变质岩,与扬子地块变质基底双溪坞群无关;推测发生于1 000~900 Ma B.P.时期或其后的浙西地区扬子地块与华夏地块之间的陆陆碰撞,具有华夏地块向扬子地块俯冲的动力学特点。上述大地构造运动方式以及岩石成因特点,或许是导致赣杭火山岩带分属华夏地块和扬子地块的火山岩均呈现出与铀成矿关系密切的重要原因。     

华夏地块生长与演化：来自赣江河流沉积物碎屑锆石Lu-Hf同位素的制约

为研究赣江河流沉积物的物质来源及源区地壳生长和演化规律,对已报道年龄的123个赣江河流沉积物碎屑锆石中的80个代表性锆石开展Lu-Hf同位素组成分析。研究表明:赣江碎屑锆石年龄分布特征与华夏地块的年龄分布非常一致,表明赣江沉积物主要来源于华夏地块;结合Hf同位素分析结果,能够反映源区华夏地块的形成与演化历史。新太古代锆石的εHf(t)值近似为0,表明该时期发生了强烈的壳幔混合作用;中-新元古代锆石εHf(t)值既有正值也有负值,说明源区物质既有古老地壳物质的再循环,也有新生地壳物质的加入;显生宙以来,εHf(t)值绝大多数为负值,且对应的两阶段模式年龄以古元古代-中元古代的年龄为主,说明显生宙以来的岩浆活动主要来源于古元古代-中元古代新生地壳的再造,直接来源于亏损地幔的物质很少。2.1~1.1 Ga是华夏地块地壳生长的主要阶段,此阶段形成的物质构成现今华夏地块全部地壳物质的80%以上。     

阿拉善右旗腰泉片麻状花岗岩年代学及构造意义

<正>阿拉善地块西以阿尔金断裂与塔里木板块相接,北望中亚造山带,南邻祁连造山带.本区由北向南存在两条重要的边界断裂带,即阿拉善北缘断裂带(或称巴丹吉林断裂带)和乌套海恩格尔乌苏断裂带.以乌套海恩格尔乌苏断裂带为界,将阿拉善地块划分为南北两大构造区[1-5].阿拉善地块古元古代构造层形成于裂谷型海盆环境,该构造层主要由龙首山群组成,经吕梁运动固结形成本区褶皱基底[6].中元古代变质地层以角度     

川西元古代蛇绿岩与扬子板块西缘元古代造山带

川西盐边、石棉两地的基性超基性杂岩和火山岩系为世界上少见的元古代高钛到蛇绿岩,这意味着该区曾经历过海洋化过程和板块运动。故康定至攀枝花一线的“康滇地轴”应为原始扬子板块西缘的元古代造山带。文章评述了该区蛇绿岩及有关基性超基性杂岩的研究现状,提出重建该造山带地质历史的思路和线索。     

江南元古宙古岛弧基底变质岩的Sm—Nd同位素研究

江南元古宙古岛弧的基底变质岩主要由浅变质的岛弧火山-沉积岩系组成。根据Sm-Nd同位素年龄资料,古岛弧西段基底变质岩的形成时间为早元古宙,中段为中元古宙中-晚期,东段为晚元古宙早期,形成时间持续长达13亿年左右。在9亿年前左右,江南古岛弧与华夏古陆发生碰撞拼贴,从而结束了江南古岛弧的演化史。     

Sm-Nd isochron age of ophiolite along northern margin of Altun Tagh Mountain and its tectonic significance

An ophiolite belt is exposed to the northern edge of Altun Tagh Mountain. Geochronological researches were made on gabbro and basalt. Sm-Nd isochron age of gabbro is (829 ± 60) Ma, while the age of gabbro mixed basalt is (949 ± 62) Ma. The dating of Sm-Nd isochron proves that ophiolite formed in (829 ± 60) Ma, which implies that the northern half of Tarim (or north Tarim Block) had been separated by an ocean from the southern half of Tarim and Qaidarn (or south Tarim Block) until (829 ± 60) Ma. The south Tarim Block could accrete to the north Tarim Block at the beginning of Sinian, thereby forming the north Altun Tagh suture. The Sinian system would be the first cover on the amalgamated Tarim craton.     

Geochronology and Nd and Pb isotope characteristics of gabbro dikes in the Luobusha ophiolite, Tibet

We report a combined internal and whole-rock Sm-Nd isochron age, and Nd and Pb isotopic data for gabbro dikes of the Luobusha ophiolite in Tibet. The Sm-Nd isochron of data for two whole rocks and plagioclase and clinopyroxene separates from one of the rocks yields a Middle Jurassic age of (177±31) Ma (with an initial ε_Nd(t) = +8), which provides a significant bound on the time of formation of the Luobusha ophiolite. The Nd and Pb isotopic characteristics of the dike indicate an Indian-Ocean-type isotopic affinity, and we conclude that the Luobusha ophiolite formed in an oceanic setting during the Middle Jurassic.     

Sm-Nd isotope study and dating on Honguleleng ophiolite in Xinjiang, China

A study of the Sm-Nd isotope composition of Honguleleng ophiolite in Xinjiang, China, isochron age ((626±25)Ma),ε_Nd(t) =8.40,and its model age (T _DM ^Nd ) in the range of 1 180–1 208 Ma, indicates that the ophiolite was formed in the late stage of the Upper Sinian. In combination with its facies association, petrochemistry, REE patterns, trace elements and associated chromites orebodies, it is believed that the Honguleleng ophiolitic magma derived from the LREE-enriched, self-depleted mantle source and formed at paleo-ocean ridge. This ophiolite is a relic of an oceanic crust within the collision zone.     

扬子地块南缘元古代浊积岩源区风化特征和源岩性质的沉积地球化学记录

对扬子地台南缘元古代浊积岩的常量元素和微量元素地球化学研究表明，源区遭受了中等程度的风化作用影响，这种影响记录在碱金属和碱土金属元素的丰度与分布型式、蚀变化学指数(CIA)以及Th／U比值等方面。稀土元素的组成和配分型式、Th／Sc和La／Sc比值以及其他常量和微量元素之间的关系表明，沉积岩不具备成熟的再旋回沉积物的特征，其源岩主要为由酸性岩浆岩等长英质组分构成的古老上地壳，源岩曾受到了显著的壳内分异作用的影响。中元古界冷家溪群地层的源岩较新元古界板溪群合有较高的Co，Cr，Ni，Sc，V等基性组分，且基性的铁镁质成分主要反映在粘土级组分的沉积记录中。     

Sm-Nd age dating of high-pressure granulites and amphibolite from Sanggan area, North China craton

The high pressure (HP) metamorphic age has been dated to HP rocks from the Sanggan area, North China craton. We have got garnet+whole rock isochron ages of (1 842±38) Ma for HP granulite, and (1 856 ± 26) Ma for HP amphibolite. The Sm-Nd whole rock isochron of HP granulites give out an age of (1 870±150) Ma with Nd depleted mantle model age of (2 402—2 482) Ma. Considering the Nd isotope homogenization during the peak metamorphism of the HP granulite, Sm-Nd closure temperature and the retention of Nd isotopic memory in garnets partially broken down during decompression, all these isochron ages are thought to be HP metamorphic age. Furthermore, we proposed that the HP metamorphism took place at the end of Paleoproterozoic during the large-scale collision and assembly of the North China craton.     

Sm-Nd dating and Nd-Sr isotopic characteristics of the Shimian ophiolite suite, Sichuan Province

By measuring the Sm-Nd and Rb-Sr isotopic compositions of harzburgite and gabbro from Shimian ophiolite suite, we got the whole rock Sm-Nd isochron age of (938±30) Ma (2?), and the ??Nd of 7.6±0.8 (2?), which shows that the ophiolite was formed at the Early Neoproterozoic. The obvious change (0.70209-0.70708) of ISr values of the ophiolite is caused by the meteoric hydrothermal alteration. The high ? Nd values indicate that the primitive magma was derived from the intense depleted mantle reservoir. It is suggested that this area was in a back-arc basin environment during the Early Neoproterozic.     

The Nd-Sr isotope study of Mesozoic granitoids in Jiangxi Province

Nd-Sr isotopic compositions of 12 Mesozoic granitoids from Jiangxi Province have been reported. They show low-εNd( - 13.8--8.3), high-/Sr(0.71069-0.73981) and old tDM (2087-1635 Ma). Comparison between the Sm-Nd isotopic compositions of the granitoids and those of the basement metamorphic rocks suggests that these granitoids were mainly derived from the metasedimentary rocks. There is an east-west trend Mesozoic granitoid zone with low-tDM from S. Jiangxi to S. Fujian. The origin of these granites was preliminarily discussed.     

Age of Anzishan granulites in the Mianxian-Lueyang suture zone of Qingling orogen: With a discussion of the timing of final assembly of Yangtze and North China craton blocks

Many granulite blocks have been recently discovered in the Anzishan area, Mianxian County, Shaanxi Province, in the central segment of the Mianxian-Lueyang suture zone. Sm-Nd isochron and 40Ar/39Ar ages of mineral samples of granulites from this area are reported in the note. The granulite mineral samples give a Sm-Nd isochron age of t=(206 ( 55) Ma (2(), with INd = 0.51302(7(2() and MSWD = 1.6, and a biotite 40Ar/39Ar plateau age of (199.7(1.7) Ma (2(). The formation and uplift of the granulites were related to subduction of the Yangtze block beneath the South Qinling microcontinent and their collision and the final amalgamation of the Yangtze and Sino-Korean craton blocks in the Indosinian, and their age is consistent with or close to those of the Dabie ultrahigh-pressure and high-pressure metamorphic rocks, so have great tectonic significance.     

The basic dyke swarms in the Wudang block and its geological significance

The basic dyke swarms, which have been deformed and metamorphosed, are widespread in the Wudang block. They are geochemicaiiy characterized by the continental tholeiites, and their Sm-Nd isochron age is (782 ±164) Ma. All of these indicate that there was an ancient continental block In the Proterozoic and a rifting occurring on this continental block during ±800 Ma.