共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Zinc-finger transcription factors in plants 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
H. Takatsuji 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1998,54(6):582-596
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In aerobic organisms, oxygen is a critical factor in tissue and organ morphogenesis from embryonic development throughout
post-natal life, as it regulates various intracellular pathways involved in cellular metabolism, proliferation, survival and
fate. In the mammalian central nervous system, oxygen plays a critical role in regulating the growth and differentiation state
of neural stem cells (NSCs), multipotent neuronal precursor cells that reside in a particular microenvironment called the
neural stem cell niche and that, under certain physiological and pathological conditions, differentiate into fully functional
mature neurons, even in adults. In both experimental and clinical settings, oxygen is one of the main factors influencing
NSCs. In particular, the physiological condition of mild hypoxia (2.5–5.0% O2) typical of neural tissues promotes NSC self-renewal; it also favors the success of engraftment when in vitro-expanded NSCs
are transplanted into brain of experimental animals. In this review, we analyze how O2 and specifically hypoxia impact on NSC self-renewal, differentiation, maturation, and homing in various in vitro and in vivo
settings, including cerebral ischemia, so as to define the O2 conditions for successful cell replacement therapy in the treatment of brain injury and neurodegenerative diseases. 相似文献
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J Brachet S Denis-Donini 《Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des sciences. Série D, Sciences naturelles》1977,284(12):1091-1096
Induction of maturation in Chaetopterus oocytes requires the presence of Ca++ ions in the medium, but differentiation without cleavage can proceed in the absence of this cation. The Ca++ ionophore A 23187 induces both maturation and the cortical reaction provided that Ca++ ions are present in the medium differentiation without cleavage may follow. Valinomycin slowly induces germinal vesicle breakdown, which is followed by a sharp segregation between hyaloplasm and yolk. PHMPS, but not DTT, induces maturation. Differentiation without cleavage is more sensitive to colchicin than to cytochalasin B. 相似文献
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The zinc finger network of plants 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
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Yeung TM Chia LA Kosinski CM Kuo CJ 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2011,68(15):2513-2523
The gastrointestinal epithelium is a highly organised tissue that is constantly being renewed. In order to maintain homeostasis,
the balance between intestinal stem cell (ISC) self-renewal and differentiation must be carefully regulated. In this review,
we describe how the intestinal stem cell niche provides a unique environment to regulate self-renewal and differentiation
of ISCs. It has traditionally been believed that the mesenchymal myofibroblasts play an important role in the crosstalk between
ISCs and the niche. However, recent evidence in Drosophila and in vertebrates suggests that epithelial cells also contribute to the niche. We discuss the multiple signalling pathways
that are utilised to regulate stemness within the niche, including members of the Wnt, BMP and Hedgehog pathways, and how
aberrations in these signals lead to disruption of the normal crypt–villus axis. Finally, we also discuss how CDX1 and inhibition
of the Notch pathway are important in specifying enterocyte and goblet cell differentiation respectively. 相似文献
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Xiaoyu Zhang Yang Yang Qin Xia Hongfei Song Rui Wei Jingjing Wang Kang Zou 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2018,75(7):1241-1253
The self-renewal capacity of the stem cell pool determines tissue function and health. Cadherin-22 (Cdh22), a member of the cadherin superfamily, has two splicing patterns in rats, and the short type that lacks a catenin binding domain is closely related to spermatogonial stem cell self-renewal. Previously, we reported that CDH22 was highly expressed in mouse ovary germ cells, especially in female germ line stem cells (FGSCs). However, its underlying function in FGSCs is still not clear. Here, we found that Cdh22 encodes only one type of protein product in mice and demonstrated that CDH22 was required for FGSC self-renewal. In addition, JAK2 and β-catenin were found to interact with CDH22 and be involved in CDH22 signaling in mouse FGSCs. Moreover, extrinsic CDH22 was identified as a potential molecule that participates in FGSC adhesion and is pivotal for FGSC maintenance and self-renewal. These results reveal that CDH22 functions as an essential molecule in FGSC maintenance and self-renewal via different mechanisms, including interaction with the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and β-catenin. 相似文献
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Nestin expression – a property of multi-lineage progenitor cells? 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
Wiese C Rolletschek A Kania G Blyszczuk P Tarasov KV Tarasova Y Wersto RP Boheler KR Wobus AM 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2004,61(19-20):2510-2522
Tissue-specific progenitor cells are characterized by proliferation and differentiation, but, in contrast to embryonic stem (ES) cells, have limited capacities for self-renewal and no tumourigenic potential. These latter traits make progenitor cells an ideal source for regenerative cell therapies. In this review, we describe what is currently known about nestin, an intermediate filament first identified in neuroepithelial stem cells. During embryogenesis, nestin is expressed in migrating and proliferating cells, whereas in adult tissues, nestin is mainly restricted to areas of regeneration. We show that nestin is abundant in ES-derived progenitor cells that have the potential to develop into neuroectodermal, endodermal and mesodermal lineages. Although it remains unclear what factors regulate in vitro and in vivo expression of nestin, we conclude that nestin represents a characteristic marker of multi-lineage progenitor cells and suggest that its presence in cells may indicate multi-potentiality and regenerative potential. 相似文献
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The development and maturation of an oligodendroglial cell is comprised of three intimately related processes that include proliferation, differentiation, and myelination. Here we review how proliferation and differentiation are controlled by distinct molecular mechanisms and discuss whether differentiation is merely a default of inhibited proliferation. We then address whether differentiation and myelination can be uncoupled in a similar manner. This task is particularly challenging because an oligodendrocyte cannot myelinate without first differentiating, and these processes are therefore not mutually exclusive. Is it solely the presence of the axon that distinguishes a differentiated oligodendrocyte from a myelinating one? Uncoupling these two processes requires identifying specific signals that regulate myelination without affecting the differentiation process. We will review current understanding of the relationship between differentiation and myelination and discuss whether these two processes can truly be uncoupled. 相似文献
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Miriam Beer Torchinsky J. Magarian Blander 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2010,67(9):1407-1421
In the few years since their discovery, T helper 17 cells (TH17) have been shown to play an important role in host defense against infections, and in tissue inflammation during autoimmunity.
TH17 cells produce IL-17, IL-21, IL-10, and IL-22 cytokines, and thus have broad effects on a variety of tissues. Notably, the
requirement for the immunosuppressive cytokine TGF-β along with the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 for TH17 differentiation supports the intimate relationship between the TH17 subset and FOXP3+ regulatory T cells. Here, we discuss current knowledge on effector functions and differentiation of the TH17 lineage. Furthermore, we now know of a physiological stimulus for TH17 differentiation: innate immune recognition of cells undergoing apoptosis as a direct result of infection induces unique
development of this subset. As our knowledge of TH17 and T regulatory cells grows, we are building on a new framework for the understanding of effector T cell differentiation
and the biology of CD4+ T cell adaptive immune responses. 相似文献
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Ji RC 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2012,69(6):897-914
The lymphatic system provides important functions for tissue fluid homeostasis and immune response. Lymphangiogenesis, the
formation of new lymphatics, comprises a series of complex cellular events in vitro or in vivo, e.g., proliferation, differentiation,
and sprouting. Recent evidence has implied that macrophages act as a direct structural contributor to lymphatic endothelial
walls or secret VEGF-C/-D and VEGF-A to initiate lymphangiogenesis in inflamed or tumor tissues. Bone marrow-derived macrophages
are versatile cells that express different functional programs in response to exposure to microenvironmental signals, and
can be identified by specific expression of a number of proteins, F4/80, CD11b, and CD68. Several causative factors, e.g.,
NF-κB, IL-1β, TNF-α, SDF-1, M-CSF, especially TonEBP/VEGF-C signaling, may be actively involved in macrophage-induced lymphangiogenesis.
Alteration of macrophage phenotype and function has a profound effect on the development and progression of inflammation and
malignancy, and macrophage depletion for controlling lymphangiogenesis may provide a novel approach for prevention and treatment
of lymphatic-associated diseases. 相似文献
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Kraft B Johswich A Kauczor G Scharenberg M Gerardy-Schahn R Bakker H 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2011,68(24):4091-4100
The glycolipid specific Drosophila melanogaster β1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase B (β4GalNAcTB) depends on a zinc finger DHHC protein family member named GalNAcTB pilot (GABPI)
for activity and translocation to the Golgi. The six-membrane spanning protein actually lacks the cysteine in the cytoplasmic
DHHC motif, displaying DHHS instead. Here we show that the whole conserved region around the DHHS sequence, which is essential
for palmitoylation in DHHC proteins, is not required for GABPI to interact with β4GalNAcTB. In contrast, the two luminal loops
between transmembrane domain 3–4 and 5–6 contain conserved amino acids, which are crucial for activity. Besides the dependence
on GABPI, β4GalNAcTB requires its exceptional short stem region for activity. A few hydrophobic amino acids positioned close
to the transmembrane domain are essential for the interaction with GABPI. Along with its catalytic domain, β4GalNAcTB, thus,
requires an area in its own stem region and two small luminal loops of GABPI as "add-on" domains. Moreover, some inactive
GABPI mutants could be rescued by fusion with β4GalNAcTB, indicating their importance in direct GABPI-β4GalNAcTB interaction. 相似文献