含Nb-Ti-Al的X100管线钢碳氮化物析出研究

基于双亚点阵模型,建立X100管线钢（Nbx,Ti1-x）（CyN1-y）-AlN复合析出热力学模型。热力学模型计算结果表明,1 450～1 100K时,Nb析出量显著增大;1 800～1 400K时,Ti析出速度加快,AlN的析出温度为1 450K左右。TEM观察及EDS分析结果显示,1 173K时,有大量细小（Nb,Ti）（C,N）的析出物产生,Nb与Ti的原子比大于4;1 373K时,Nb与Ti的原子比接近1;1 523K时,以较大长条形、方形析出物为主,Nb与Ti的原子比小于0.43。热力学模型计算结果与JMatpro软件计算结果及EDS统计结果有较好的一致性。     

普适的碳氮化物析出热力学模型的建立

基于规则溶体模型、双亚点阵模型及第二相固溶析出理论,建立了普适的碳氮化物析出热力学模型.采用该模型,计算了不同温度下0.17C-0.023Nb-0.012Ti-0.004N钢中理想配比型及缺位型析出相与基体间的热力学平衡信息,包括基体成分、析出相成分及其体积分数.结果表明:在相同温度下,相比于理想型第二相,缺位型第二相的溶解度较大,析出体积分数较小;随着析出温度的降低,析出相逐渐由氮化钛演变为富含铌和碳的复合相,且不同类型第二相的体积分数差异逐渐缩小.     

铌对高钢级管线钢中第二相析出与奥氏体晶粒长大行为的影响

基于双亚点阵模型,计算了两种不同铌含量的高钢级管线钢在不同温度下Nb、Ti和Al的析出量,测定了不同加热温度和保温时间下奥氏体晶粒尺寸,建立两种钢奥氏体晶粒长大模型.发现Nb含量增加提高了其全固溶温度,并且温降过程中Nb析出量显著增多,在晶界两边析出的细小碳氮化物对奥氏体晶粒长大有显著的阴碍作用.高铌钢加热温度为1250℃时奥氏体晶粒显著粗化,预测模型也不同于1050～1200℃的模型,但相同保温温度下晶粒尺寸明显小于低铌实验钢.通过数据拟合计算出高铌钢的长大激活能远远高于低铌钢,再次证明高Nb的管线钢在1200℃以下能够有效地细化奥氏体晶粒,预测模型与实验值吻合较好.     

低碳Nb--Ti二元微合金钢析出过程的演变

建立规则溶液亚点阵模型计算了不同温度(1073～1523 K)下低碳Nb--Ti二元微合金钢(Nb质量分数为0.023%,Ti质量分数为0.012%)中碳氮化物析出相的平衡摩尔分数、化学驱动力和各组元摩尔分数,对微合金钢中析出粒子演变规律进行研究,并利用透射电镜观察及能谱分析验证这种析出模式.计算结果表明,1523 K下析出粒子化学式组成为(Nb0.15Ti0.85)(C0.16N0.84),由富Ti的析出物逐渐过渡至Nb--Ti均匀析出,析出粒子演变顺序为(Nb0.15Ti0.85)(C0.16N0.84)、(NbxTi1-x)(CyN1-y)和(Nb0.5Ti0.5)(C0.56N0.44),与实验结果符合较好.随着温度降低,Ti/Nb质量比逐渐减小,得到的TiC比NbC更难溶.对均匀形核及位错处形核的临界核心尺寸和相对形核速率进行计算,得到最大形核率即可获得最细小第二相尺寸的温度.     

汽车大梁钢中第二相粒子析出行为

运用热动力学理论和Oswald熟化理论研究了不同氮含量汽车大梁钢中第二相粒子的析出和熟化行为.研究发现钢中N含量的增加会促进V(C,N)在奥氏体中析出从而细化铁素体晶粒,当氮的质量分数增至4.2×10 4时铁素体晶粒尺寸能细化至4.7μm.形核率–温度曲线和析出–温度–时间曲线表明氮含量的增加可以扩大奥氏体区中最大形核率的温度范围,氮的质量分数由5.5×10 5增至4.2×10 4时其最快析出的鼻点温度由840℃上升至968℃.透射电镜观察显示氮含量的增加明显降低析出V(C,N)粒子的尺寸.VN在奥氏体中的Oswald熟化速率计算表明熟化速率随温度的降低不断减少,同时增加N含量还可以有效降低析出粒子的熟化速率,从而抑制沉淀析出的第二相粒子的熟化长大过程.     

V-Ti-N微合金非调质无缝油井管钢中碳氮化物的热力学计算

用包括奥氏体γ相和两个碳氮化物相三相溶解度间隙平衡处理的方法计算了V-Ti-N微合金非调质油井管钢中的碳氮化物析出. 计算结果表明,此钢奥氏体中的析出模式为1 473 ℃时TiN即开始析出;其后部分TiN逐渐转变为复合(TixV1-x)(CyN1-y)颗粒,而其他的TiN直到低温仍保持其化学性质;最后富V-C的V(CxN1-x)在846 ℃开始析出. 实验数据验证了这种析出模式. 计算结果支持了中碳含钒微合金钢中800 ℃以下奥氏体中的析出对其后的奥氏体分解相变具有明显的调控作用的观点.     

卷取温度对低碳钢组织性能及AlN析出行为的影响

运用拉伸、金相、析出物定量分析、TEM和EDS等测试方法,对不同卷取温度低碳钢组织性能及析出进行研究. 结果表明:随着卷取温度的升高,钢的强度和晶粒度等级下降,固溶的N含量逐渐降低,740℃卷取时固溶的N含量几乎为零. 热力学和动力学分析表明,AlN主要是在卷取过程中产生的. 透射电镜观察到的AlN尺寸在10～50nm,并且具有复杂的化学成分.     

过共析帘线钢中碳氮化钛夹杂的析出与固溶

应用热力学方法研究了帘线钢凝固析出碳氮化钛(Ti(CxN1-x))夹杂的性质,以及钢坯加热过程碳氮化钛(Ti(CxN1-x))夹杂分解固溶的热力学条件,并通过实验研究了试样高温加热过程中碳氮化钛夹杂的固溶现象。研究表明:1)帘线钢C含量越高,凝固析出的碳氮化钛夹杂中的x值越高;2)帘线钢C含量越高,凝固过程碳氮化钛夹杂析出就越早,析出碳氮化钛夹杂时的凝固前沿温度越低;3)82A铸坯加热到1 087℃以上时,碳氮化钛夹杂具备分解和固溶的热力学条件;4)实验验证将钢样在1 150℃和1 250℃高温加热后,5μm以上的碳氮化钛夹杂分别下降了55%和70.3%,而试样在1 250℃高温加热后缓冷到1 000℃时发现2μm以下的小夹杂继续在分解,而5μm以上的大夹杂在增加。     

Ti-MO低碳超高强钢中相间析出强化

在不同温度下对Ti-Mo低碳钢进行等温转变,对热轧板进行力学性能检测,利用扫描电镜、透射电镜、选区电子衍射等方法进行组织观察,同时分析了相间析出粒子的形貌、尺寸和分布规律.结果显示,随着等温温度降低,钢的强度提高,延展性降低,屈强比增大.在透射试样中观察到两种不同形态分布的相间析出碳化物:平面型相间析出和曲面型相间析出.相间析出碳化物的平均直径为4.30nm,平均纵横比为1.375.在650℃等温保温1 h时,相间析出强化对铁素体相强度的增量在400MPa以上.     

含硼氮中碳铝镇定钢中BN夹杂析出热力学分析

运用数值模拟方法对含硼氮中碳铝镇定钢中BN析出的热力学条件进行分析,研究该钢种在冶炼浇注及加热奥氏体化过程中BN夹杂物的析出规律,并与试验情况进行了比较。结果表明,在钢液中初始w(B)≤0.012%、初始w(N)≤0.03%的情况下,含硼氮中碳铝镇定钢浇注凝固过程中不能析出BN夹杂物,且钢液中B的富集程度远高于N,凝固末期残余液相中,B浓度是其初始浓度的20倍,N浓度约为其初始浓度的2.1倍;钢中w(B)为0.005%~0.01%、w(N)为0.01%~0.03%时,在1470K奥氏体化温度以下,可以稳定析出BN夹杂物,B、N含量越高,BN夹杂开始析出的温度越高;在奥氏体化过程中,钢坯中酸溶铝含量越高,越容易析出BN夹杂物。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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