管内流动换热过程的性能综合分析

基于管内流动换热方程,在最小初投资的条件下导出经济合理的管长、管径比与换热参数的关系式.同时对管内流动换热过程进行火用分析,得出火用损失率最小的最佳运行参数(Reopt),以及由换热准则关系式得出的最佳换热参数(Stopt),最后得到使管内流动换热过程的结构、流动与换热性能综合优化的管长管径比.     

以(火用)分析法比较制冷工质的流动换热性能

借助于控制体热平衡和熵平衡导出换热过程火用损失率方程 ,利用换热过程的火用损失率方程得到了 3种天然制冷工质 (氨、二氧化碳、丙烷 )和常用卤代烃制冷工质在不同换热方式下的综合特性 ,并在相同换热模式下进行分析比较 .结果表明 ,上述几种天然工质 (尤其是氨 )其流动与传热的综合性能优于R2 2 ,R5 0 0和R114等几种常用的卤代烃工质     

对流换热过程的分析

本文用热力学第一及第二定律分析对流换热过程中传热及流动两方面的性能,建立定量分析换热性能的(火用)损失率关系式,并利用它确定各种基本换热过程在给定条件下的最佳使用范围,以及比较各种换热方式的性能差异,为工程上采用换热过程提供综合性能评价的指标.     

两种肋片的损失率分析及优化

本文以热力学第一及第二定津分析肋片流场的流动与换热特征,导出肋片传热过程的(火用)损失率方程;以其为目标函数、对针形肋片和矩形肋片进行具休的性能分析;求得相应的最佳肋片特征尺度与最佳的流体流速;发现了雷诺数越小,最佳流速及尺度也越小,相应的(火用)损失率也越小的一般规律.这为肋片的优化提供了定量的方法,也为肋片的微型化、流动的低速化提供了依据.     

压水堆燃料棒热力计算与(火用)分析

为了研究燃料棒核能转化为热能过程中的(火用)损,采用压水堆燃料棒稳态传热偏微分方程和热力学第一、第二定律,创新性地将(火用)分析方法与燃料棒温度场数值计算相结合,编制数值计算程序对燃料棒及传热通道进行模拟计算,并分析了核能转换为热能以及与冷却剂换热过程中温度分布、(火用)损的分布和能量的利用效率.结果表明:燃料棒(火用)损沿轴向先增大后减小,沿径向不断变大,在燃料芯块边缘处达到最大,(火用)损系数约为0.207;而对流换热过程中(火用)损主要与传热温差有关,(火用)损沿热通道先增大后减小,该过程累积(火用)损系数约为0.304.     

热泵工质在管内对流换热能量与损探讨

通过对高温吸收式热泵工质对水/乙二醇在管内流动及对流换热过程的分析,建立了描述能量损失与(火用)损失的数学模型,通过对模型的求解及实验研究,获得了能量损失及(火用)损失分布。     

以Yong分析法比较制冷工质的流动换热性能

借助于控制体热平衡和熵平衡导出换热过程Yong损失率方程，利用换热过程的Yong损失率方程得到了3种天然制冷工质(氨、二氧化碳、丙烷)和常用卤代烃制冷工质在不同换热方式下的综合特性，并在相同换热模式下进行分析比较．结果表明，上述几种天然工质(尤其是氨)其流动与传热的综合性能优于R22，R500和R114等几种常用的卤代烃工质．     

液-液循环流化床制冰过程的(火用)分析

采用水与另一种非相溶载冷流体直接接触换热结冰的液液循环流化床是一种新型动态制取流体冰方法.针对该方法建立了研究床内多相流动与传热过程的数值模拟平台,以热力学第二定律为基础提出了液液循环流化床制冰过程的火用损失计算模型.采用数值试验方法探讨了水滴直径、载冷液体入口温度和速度对系统的制冰能力和火用损失的影响.研究结果发现,减小水滴直径和入口温度可以不断提高循环流化床的制冰能力,但减小入口速度的作用有限,而减小水滴直径是兼顾制冰能力和过程火用损失的最有利途径.     

流过管束的流动换热与结构的综合性能评价

对于流过管束的流动换热过程以给定换热结构使换热量最大为条件导出经济结构尺寸与换热参数间的关系式,并借助于换热准则关系得出其与流动参数间的关系式;进而以过程中相对炯损失率最小为条件导出该流动换热过程最佳流动参数的表达式．联立上述两个关系式就可得出使过程的结构尺寸、流动特征与换热性能间综合优化的最佳管排与给定热流和管径间的关系式,以此作为性能分析与评估的判据,这里以流过叉排管束为例进行综合性能的分析与评价,     

综合考虑传热、流动与投资的换热器性能优化

在给定换热器传热量下导出使投资费用最少的换热表面的最佳匹配准则和使流动传热过程火用损失率最小（即反映运行费用最省）的换热性能最佳配比准则，并利用两准则间的相关性对换热器进行综合性能优化，从而获得最佳的结构参数、性能参数和运行参数．为显示优化方法过程，以圆形肋片管换热器为例进行具体的性能优化，经数值迭代最终获得最佳参数     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that