A comparative study of four modified Al coatings on Ni3Al-based single crystal superalloy

Four modified Al diffusion coatings (Al, Cr? Al, Al?Si and Cr? Al ? Si coatings) were prepared on Ni3Al based single crystal superalloy IC20. The oxidation tests were carried out at 1 150 °C for up to 100 h. Cyclic hot corrosion tests were carried out at 950 °C for 50 h. The results indicate that the oxidation and corrosion resistance s of IC20 alloy are improved significantly by the coatings, and both oxidation and hot corrosion resistances of the four coatings are rated in the order (from worst to best) of Cr ? Al, Al, Cr ? Al ? Si, Al? Si coatings. It is found that the degradations of Al and Cr ? Al coatings are very quick due to the serious inter-diffusion between the coatings and substrates. The inter-diffusion between Si-containing coatings and substrates is reduced since Si effe ctively retards the outward diffusion of Mo. The weak effects of Cr and benefit effects of Si to the oxidation and hot corrosion resistance were discussed. The hot corrosion degradation mechanism of superalloy IC20 was analyzed.     

Studies on thermally grown oxide as an interface between plasma-sprayed coatings and a nickel-based superalloy substrate

A thermally grown oxide layer formed by hot corrosion was investigated as an interface between plasma-sprayed coatings and a nickel-based superalloy substrate. The hot corrosion mechanism of NiCr-Cr₂O₃ and Al₂O₃-40wt% TiO₂ (A40T) plasma coated Inconel 617 was evaluated. The experiments were carried out at 1000℃ using a combination of Na₂SO₄, NaCl, and ₂O₅ salts to simulate the conditions of a gas turbine in a marine environment. The hot corrosion results revealed the spallation and dissolution of oxides upon prolonged exposure. Optical images and scanning electron micrographs of the exposed samples revealed the formation of oxide scale and provided details of its morphology in NiCr-Cr₂O₃ coated samples. Microstructure characterization of A40T coatings demonstrated a thermally grown oxide (TGO) layer at 1000℃. Increasing the thickness of the TGO layer decreased the corrosion resistance. The elemental analysis and image mapping revealed the migration of active elements from the substrate and coatings toward the corrosive environment.     

CrN/Cr涂层对Ti22Al26Nb合金的高温防护研究

采用电弧离子镀技术在O相Ti22Al26Nb合金表面镀覆CrN以及CrN/Cr涂层并研究了其在800和900℃空气中的等温氧化行为,结果显示O相钛合金表面施加单一的CrN涂层后,涂层表面在氧化时形成了保护性的氧化膜Cr2O3层,因此合金受到了良好的高温防护,但是涂层和基体合金之间发生了明显的互扩散;在CrN涂层和钛合金基体之间施加纯Cr扩散障层后形成的CrN/Cr涂层,其表面除了象单一CrN涂层那样氧化后形成了一层连续、致密、结合良好的保护性氧化膜Cr2O3层外,还能有效的抑制涂层与基体合金之间的互扩散,此外扩散障Cr层的存在使得靠近其基体的晶粒也出现了长大现象。     

Oxidation and interdiffusion behavior of a germanium-modified silicide coating on an Nb-Si-based alloy

To investigate the interdiffusion behavior of Ge-modified silicide coatings on an Nb-Si-based alloy substrate, the coating was oxidized at 1250℃ for 5, 10, 20, 50, or 100 h. The interfacial diffusion between the (Nb,X)(Si,Ge)₂ (X=Ti, Cr, Hf) coating and the Nb-Si based alloy was also examined. The transitional layer is composed of (Ti,Nb)₅(Si,Ge)₄ and a small amount of (Nb,X)₅(Si,Ge)₃. With increasing oxidation time, the thickness of the transitional layer increases because of the diffusion of Si from the outer layer to the substrate, which obeys a parabolic rate law. The parabolic growth rate constant of the transitional layer under oxidation conditions is 2.018 μm·h-1/2. Moreover, the interdiffusion coefficients of Si in the transitional layer were determined from the interdiffusion fluxes calculated directly from experimental concentration profiles.     

Plasma Electrolysis for Titanium Modification Technique

In the present work, the wear behaviour of coatings produced on Ti -6Al -4V alloy by plasma electrolysis oxidation method was studied. The wear resistances of the coatings with different thickness were contrasted. The wear tests were performed using a pin -on -disc wear machine under dry sliding conditions. The coated samples demonstrated wear rates up to 5-12 times lower than that of the uncoated substrates tested.     

新型定向凝固高温合金750℃抗热腐蚀性能

研究了涂有75%Na2SO4+25%NaCl盐膜的新型定向凝固镍基高温合金在750℃的热腐蚀行为,采用X射线衍射仪和带能谱的扫描电镜分析腐蚀产物相组成以及微观结构.结果表明:该合金在开始阶段腐蚀速率较大,随着腐蚀时间的延长以及合金腐蚀层厚度的增加,腐蚀速率降低.腐蚀层可分为3个区域:外层是以TiO2和Cr2O3为主相对疏松的氧化层,中间层具有保护性的是富Cr层,内层是以Al,Ti为主的氧化物以及点状分布的硫化物.合金的热腐蚀主要由氧化-硫化共存伴随着表面腐蚀物挥发形成,在此过程中腐蚀持续向合金基体推进,使得腐蚀层不断增厚.     

Isothermal oxidation behavior and mechanism of a nickel-based superalloy at 1000℃

The oxidation behavior of a nickel-based superalloy at 1000°C in air was investigated through X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, andenergy-dispersive spectroscopy analysis. A series of oxides, including external oxide scales (Cr2O3, (TiO2 + MnCr2O4)) and internal oxides (Al2O3,TiN), were formed on the surface or sub-surface of the substrate at 1000°C in experimental still air. The oxidation re-sistance of the alloy was dependent on the stability of the surface oxide layer. The continuity and density of the protective Cr2O3 scale were affected by minor alloying elements such as Ti and Mn. The outermost oxide scale was composed of TiO2 rutile and MnCr2O4 spinel, and the growth of TiO2particles was controlled by the outer diffusion of Ti ions through the pre-existing oxide layer. Severe internal oxidation oc-curred beneath the external oxide scale, consuming Al and Ti of the strength phaseγ′ (Ni3(Al,Ti)) and thereby severely deteriorating the sur-face mechanical properties. The depth of the internal oxidation region was approximately 35μm after exposure to experimental air at 1000°C for 80 h.     

Improvement of oxidation resistance of Nb–Ti–Si based alloys with additions of Al,Cr and B at different temperatures

The effects of Cr,Al and B addition on the microstructure and high-temperature oxidation behaviors(at 1200,1250 and 1300℃) of Nb-Ti-Si based alloys were investigated.The results showed that the addition of Cr stabilized α-Nb₅ Si₃,while Al promoted the formation of β-Nb₅ Si₃ and adding B promoted the formation of γ-Nb₅ Si₃.Among the three elements,Al and Cr were beneficial to oxidation resistance at 1200℃,and B was favorable to the...     

55%铝—锌—1.6%硅合金镀层的耐蚀性能

在盐雾试验（ＮＳＳ、ＡＳＳ）、曝气试验、浸泡试验和缝隙腐蚀试验的基础上,通过与锌镀层和铝镀层的对比,研究了５５％Ａｌ－Ｚｎ－１．６％Ｓｉ合金镀层的耐蚀性能．镀层中富锌相的存在,导致缝隙腐蚀中的自催化酸化闭塞电池难以形成,因而该镀层的耐缝隙腐蚀性能优于铝镀层;在其他试验条件下,由于镀层表面富铝相占较大面积,使得镀层的耐蚀性高于锌镀层,接近于铝镀层．钝化处理后各镀层耐蚀性均有显著提高．     

Wear and corrosion resistance of laser-cladded Fe-based composite coatings on AISI 4130 steel

The wear and corrosion resistance of Fe_72.2Cr_16.8Ni_7.3Mo_1.6Mn_0.7C_0.2Si_1.2 and Fe_77.3Cr_15.8Ni_3.9Mo_1.1Mn_0.5C_0.2Si_1.2 coatings laser-cladded on AISI 4130 steel were studied. The coatings possess excellent wear and corrosion resistance despite the absence of expensive yttrium, tungsten, and cobalt and very little molybdenum. The microstructure mainly consists of dendrites and eutectic phases, such as duplex (γ+α)-Fe and the Fe–Cr (Ni) solid solution, confirmed via energy dispersive spectrometry and X-ray diffraction. The cladded Fe-based coatings have lower coefficients of friction, and narrower and shallower wear tracks than the substrate without the cladding, and the main wear mechanism is mild abrasive wear. Electrochemical test results suggest that the soft Fe_72.2Cr_16.8Ni_7.3Mo_1.6Mn_0.7C_0.2Si_1.2 coating with high Cr and Ni concentrations has high passivation resistance, low corrosion current, and positive corrosion potential, providing a better protective barrier layer to the AISI 4130 steel against corrosion.     

High-temperature frictional wear behavior of MCrAlY-based coatings deposited by atmosphere plasma spraying

Al₂O₃-Cr₂O₃/NiCoCrAlYTa coatings were prepared via atmosphere plasma spraying (APS). The microstructure and phase composition of the coatings were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), laser confocal scanning microscopy (LSCM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The dry frictional wear behavior of the coatings at 500℃ in static air was investigated and compared with that of 0Cr25Ni20 steel. The results show that the coatings comprise the slatted layers of oxide phases, unmelted particles, and pores. The hot abrasive resistance of the coatings is enhanced compared to that of 0Cr25Ni20, and their mass loss is approximately one-fifteenth that of 0Cr25Ni20 steel. The main wear failure mechanisms of the coatings are abrasive wear, fatigue wear, and adhesive wear.     

Vapor phase codeposition of Cr and Si on Nb-base in situ composites by pack cementation process

In order to identify suitable halide activators and pack compositions for codepositing Cr and Si to form diffusion coatings on Nb-base in situ composites by the pack cementation process, thermochemical calculation was taken to analyze the vapor pressure of halide species generated at high temperatures. NH4Cl, NaF and CrCl3·6H2O were selected as the halide salts. The results of thermochemical calculations suggested that the pack powder mixtures, which contained Cr, Si, halide salts and Al2O3, may be activated by NH4Cl and NaF. According to the thermochemical calculations, the pack powder mixture of 12Cr-6Si-5NH4Cl-77Al2O3 (wt%) activated by NH4Cl was formulated and coating deposition experiments were carried out at 1200 and 1300℃. With adequate control of pack compositions and deposition conditions, it was found that codeposition of Cr and Si could indeed be achieved at these temperatures. The coating has a three-layer structure, of which was mainly composed of Cr2(Nb,X) (X represents Ti and Hf elements), Nb5Si3 and (Nb,Cr)3Si. Then the kinetics of coating growth process affected by temperature was studied. The experimental results of the oxidation showed that the coating can efficiently prevent substrate from oxidizing.     

The effect of Al and Cr elements on the oxidation resistance of MoSi_2 via first-principles calculation

The properties of structure, energy and oxidation resistance of interstitial and substitutable MoSi_2 systems have been investigated using the density functional theory. The calculated lattice constants for pristine MoSi_2 confirm the early experimental results. In the interstitial MoSi_2, the impurity energy of O atom was computed for the stable interstitial site in the systems. The results reveal that the O atom prefers to occupy the Oct2 site with the lowest impurity energy. In the substitution MoSi_2, the Si sites tend to be substituted with Al and Cr atoms,whereas, Mo sites do not behave like the Si sites. The co-substitution of Al/Cr atoms and the direction of the O diffusion in MoSi_2 have been analyzed as well. The results from electronic structural analysis indicate that the SiO bond is the main factor to inhibit the diffusion of O, and the alloying elements of Al and Cr contribute to the oxidation resistance of MoSi_2.     

Suppressing the formation of SRZ in a Ni-based single crystal superalloy by RuNiAl diffusion barrier

NiAl-based bond coats applied in thermal barrier coating (TBC) systems containing Ru and Pt have been studied in recent years. Interdiffusion between the coatings and the underlying superalloy substrates usually results in degradation of the mechanical properties of the substrates. In this paper, a NiAl/Ru coating was deposited onto a single crystal superalloy DD6 by electroplating and electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD). Interdiffusion behavior of the NiAl/Ru and NiAl coated specimens at 1100 1 C was comparatively investigated. For the NiAl coated specimen, after 100 h vacuum annealing, beneath the coating there was a 50 mm thickness secondary reaction zone (SRZ) with some needle-like topologically closed pack ed (TCP) phases. However no SRZ was observed in the NiAl/Ru coated specimen. This may be attributed to the RuNiAl that acted as a diffusion barrier to prevent the inward diffusion of Al from the coating and the outward diffusion of refractory elements from the substrate, and hence suppressing the formation of TCP phases and SRZ in the superalloy.     

氧化铈对NiCoCrAlY涂层抗热腐蚀性能的影响

为了研究纳米氧化铈对NiCoCrAlY涂层抗热腐蚀性能的影响,考察了添加3种不同含量纳米氧化铈的NiCoCrAlY熔覆涂层在1 050℃混合硫酸盐(质量分数为75％ Na2SO4-+25％ K2SO4)作用下的热腐蚀行为,并与未加纳米颗粒的涂层进行了比较.结果表明:添加纳米氧化铈后,涂层的抗热腐蚀性能得到了较大提高,其...     

Hot-corrosion behavior associated with the evolution of corrosion scales of a Ni-based superalloy in molten salts

The degradation of Ni-based superalloys in molten salts is closely related with the evolution of corrosion scales. In this work, the evolution of corrosion scales, the characteristics of the scale/alloy matrix interface associated with the corrosion mechanisms and the corrosion kinetics of a Ni-based superalloy Ni–20 Cr–18 W in molten salts were investigated. The outer surface of the corrosion scales was composed of numerous flakes. From the cross-sectional view, the scales gradually presented a...     

微弧氧化对7050铝合金腐蚀行为的影响

采用微弧氧化(MAO)技术在7050铝合金表面制备了陶瓷膜层,运用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱分析仪(EDS)表征陶瓷膜微观结构,采用动电位极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和慢应变速率拉伸试验(SSRT)研究了微弧氧化膜对7050铝合金在3.5%(质量分数)NaCl水溶液中腐蚀和应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)行为的影响.结果表明:微弧氧化膜层由表面疏松层与内部致密层组成,表面疏松层主要由Al2O3组成,内部致密层由氧化铝与铝烧结而成.微弧氧化膜层可以有效抑制7050铝合金表面的腐蚀萌生及明显降低腐蚀速率,且使7050铝合金的应力腐蚀敏感性出现显著下降.     

电解铝硅合金耐蚀性研究

对比了电解铝硅合金和常规铝硅合金的耐蚀性.电化学试验和湿热试验结果表明电解铝硅合金具有良好的耐蚀性.讨论了电解铝硅合金耐蚀机理,含有较多的微量元素及合金组织均匀细小是其腐蚀性能良好的原因.     

In-situ reduced graphene oxide-polyvinyl alcohol composite coatings as protective layers on magnesium substrates

A simple and feasible method was developed to fabricate in-situ reduced graphene oxide-polyvinyl alcohol composite(GO-PVA) coatings as protective layers on magnesium substrates.Polyvinyl alcohol was used as an in-situ reductant to transform GO into reduced GO.Contiguous and uniform GO-PVA coatings were prepared on magnesium substrates by dip-coating method,and were further thermally treated at 120 ℃ under ambient condition to obtain in-situ reduced GO-PVA coatings.Owing to the reducing effect of PVA.thermal treatment at low temperature led to effective in-situ reduction of GO as confirmed by XRD,Raman,FTIR and XPS tests.The corrosion current density of magnesium substrates in 3.5 wt%NaCl solution could be lowered to its 1/25 when using in-situ reduced GO-PVA coatings as protective layers.     

Cr3 C2含量对Cr3 C2/Ni3 Al复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响

采用热等静压法制备Ni3 Al合金和Cr3 C2含量不同的Ni3 Al基复合耐磨材料,利用扫描电镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射仪及摩擦磨损试验机,系统地研究Cr3 C2含量对材料组织特征、硬度及摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明：Cr3 C2/Ni3 Al复合材料中,Cr3 C2颗粒与Ni3 Al颗粒之间发生互扩散作用,使部分Cr3 C2颗粒转变为M7 C3( M=Cr, Fe, Ni)结构;在特定的摩擦磨损条件下,随着Ni3 Al基体中Cr3 C2比例增大,Cr3 C2/Ni3 Al复合材料的耐磨性能显著提高,达到了Ni3 Al合金耐磨性能的4~10倍。此外,随着Ni3 Al基体中Cr3 C2比例的增大,Cr3 C2/Ni3 Al复合材料对对磨盘的切削、刮擦作用减弱,对磨盘的磨损量减少。