白云杉种源选择及地理变异研究

白云杉是北美的速生树种,在吉林省引种10a生时,优良种源树高、胸径、材积分别是对照红皮云杉的2.4、2.6、5.86倍及参试种源平均值的1.18、1.28、1.77倍,引种效果十分明显。种源多性状综合评定结果,安大略、纽约、明尼苏达三个种源为优良种源。优良种源主要分布在北美五大湖周围,该区域是白云杉的中心分布区,也是优良种源基因富集区。白云杉种源生长性状存在一定的地理变异,生长量随原产地降水量的减少而增大,随积温的增加而降低。     

浙江外海渔场蛸类(章鱼)的数量分布

根据 2002～ 2003年浙江外海资源监测调查资料和 1994～ 1995年浙江渔场及邻近海域头足类资源调查资料,研究了蛸类 (章鱼 ) 数量的季节变化和时空分布 ,结果表明 :蛸类数量有两个高峰期,即夏季高峰 (8～ 9 kg/h)和秋冬季高峰 (5.73～ 10.5 kg/h).夏季高峰密集中心在 29° 00'～ 31° 00' N, 124° 00'～ 127° 00' E海域,秋冬季高峰密集中心出现在 26° 30'～ 28° 00' N, 123° 30'～ 125° 30' E.最后提出蛸类开发利用的建议.     

白云杉光合特性对土壤水分含量和光照强度的响应

为了明确白云杉最适生长的光照强度和土壤水分含量,通过盆栽试验人工控制6组土壤水分含量,用红蓝光源模拟光照,设置11个光合有效辐射梯度,研究不同土壤水分含量和光照强度下白云杉叶片的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)及水分利用效率(WUE)。结果表明:随着土壤水分含量的增加,白云杉的净光合速率、蒸腾速率及水分利用效率都呈现先增长后下降的趋势,当土壤含水量为12%～17%时,既能保证白云杉有较高的净光合速率,又有较高的水分利用效率;随着光照强度的增加,白云杉的净光合速率、蒸腾速率及水分利用效率都呈现先增长后下降的趋势,当光照强度为800～1 000μmol/(m~2·s)时,既能保证白云杉有较高的净光合速率,又有较高的水分利用效率。因此,当土壤水分含量为12%～17%、光照强度为800～1 000μmol/(m~2·s)时,白云杉的光合效果最佳。     

厦门大屿岛白鹭自然保护区的昆虫种类及结构特点

厦门大屿岛白鹭自然保护区的范围包括大屿岛和鸡屿岛及其滩涂.两岛的直线距离大约为4.4km.大屿岛(24°27'30"～24°27'57"N,118°02'32"～118°02'51"E)位于厦门西港南部.     

天津近岸海水溶解氧分布特征

根据2006年12月至2007年10月对天津近岸(38°37'03.8"N～39°12'13.9"N,117°33'14.8"E～118°02'50.1"E)海水的现场调查,初步分析该海域溶解氧的时空变化特征及主要影响因素.结果显示:调查海域溶解氧含量在3.93～11.34 mg/L之间,平均值为(8.00±1.99)mg/L,表层高于底层,且存在冬季＞春季＞秋季＞夏季的变化规律;浅水区水体溶解氧含量变化幅度大,而深水区相对稳定,近岸浅水区水环境的影响因素复杂且具有多变性;该海区溶解氧含量主要受温度的影响,且和温度、pH均存在显著的线性相关性.     

浙江中部近海及其邻近海域春季鱼类群落结构及其多样性

根据2008年5月(春季)对东海区(27°00'～31°00'N,121°30'～126°30'E)主要渔场重要渔业资源调查资料,分析了浙江中部及其邻近海域的鱼类种类组成、优势度、多样性等群落结构特征.本次调查共捕获鱼类485.5 kg,75 873尾,76种,隶属于14目48科.其中,暖水种(WW)最多,有46种,占总种类数的60.5%;暖温种(WT)次之,有27种,占35.5%;冷温种(CT)最少,仅3种,占4.0%.春季浙江中部及其邻近海域优势种有带鱼、鳄齿鱼、麦氏犀鳕,常见种是六斑刺鲀、七星底灯鱼、小黄鱼、竹荚鱼.通过对带鱼、鳄齿鱼、麦氏犀鳕和小黄鱼的生物量分布特点分析发现,带鱼在28°30'～29°30'N,125°00'E以西海域的生物量最为丰富;鳄齿鱼在29°00'N以南,125°00'E以西海域生物量最为丰富;麦氏犀鳕在28°00'N以南,123°00'E以西的近岸及舟山渔场以南海域生物量最为丰富;小黄鱼在30°00'～31°00'N,125°00'E以东的外海区生物量最为丰富.多样性指数分析表明,种类丰富度指数(D)值在0.20～1.80之间,Shannon-Wiener多样度指数(H')值在0.05～0.85之间,种类均匀度指数(J')值在0.01～1.50之间.种类丰富度指数(D)、Shannon-Wiener多样度指数(H')、种类均匀度指数(J')三种群落多样性指数与水深、底层水温、底层盐度均呈显著性正相关(P＜0.01).     

不同修枝强度对红皮云杉生长的影响

以吉林省敦化市大石头林场和大蒲柴河林场红皮云杉人工林为对象,研究红皮云杉人工林在未受干扰情况下的径向生长特征,以及林木径向生长和高生长对不同修枝强度的响应.结果显示:未受干扰的红皮云杉人工林径级结构呈正态分布,主要集中分布于中、小径级,8～10 cm分布株数最多;当红皮云杉人工林平均胸径达到14 cm后应进行修枝抚育,修枝强度为1/4～1/3时,促进红皮云杉生长的效果最佳.     

吉林省班克松种源选择研究

对北美引种的23个种源的班克松7 a生试验结果表明:班克松不同种源在树高、胸径、冠幅、针叶长等性状表现出极明显的遗传分化,在吉林省中东部地区表现出较强的适应性和抗寒性;选择出19,16,10号为吉林省中东部地区引种造林的优良种源,其树高、胸径、材积遗传增益分别为26.93%,24.67%和27.08%,生长量分别超出吉林省大面积推广造林的09号(美国密执安州)种源的28.43%、14.21%和17.78%,33.3%、27.96%和20.43%,62.5%、38.89%和30.56%.通过多性状的PCA分析,将供试的23个班克松种源的原产地划分成4个种源区,其中Ⅰ号种源区(北美五大湖区)为吉林省引种优良种源区.对优良种源区的优良个体进行了木材物理性能测定.     

安徽省鸟类分布新纪录 ——红喉潜鸟(Gavia stellata)和蓑羽鹤(Grus virgo)

2019年12月安徽省岳西县来榜镇森林公安在其辖区(116°11'46.94″E,30°55'21.99″N,海拔416 m)救助到一只红喉潜鸟(Gaviastellata);2020年12月笔者在合肥市牛角大圩(117°16'2.42″E,31°40'1.15″N,海拔10 m)发现一只蓑羽鹤(Grus virgo)并拍摄了照片.通过相关专著和文献鉴定核实,确定这2种鸟类均为安徽省鸟类分布新纪录.     

干热河谷区不同坡位引种巨菌草根系生长特性研究

金沙江干热河谷生态脆弱区因高温和干旱等恶劣的自然环境条件,导致该区域的植被恢复和生态治理成为一大难题.以引种栽培的巨菌草为对象,研究了干热河谷核心区不同坡位巨菌草根系生长特征,分析了该物种在干热河谷区的生态适应性和引种可行性.结果表明:经过2年的引种试验,巨菌草在所选区域的上、中、下坡位均能正常存活和生长;巨菌草根系平均直径、生物量、C含量、C/N质量比及C/P质量比随根序等级的增加而增加,比根长(SRL)、根长密度(RLD)、根体积密度(RVD)、根表面积密度(RSAD)、N含量、P含量及N/P质量比随根序等级的增加而减小;不同坡位各等级根序根系生物量、直径、RLD、RVD及RSAD均表现为中坡下坡上坡,SRL表现为上坡下坡中坡;不同坡位各等级根序根系C含量及C/P质量比表现为下坡上坡中坡,N、P含量及N/P质量比表现为下坡中坡上坡,C/N质量比表现为上坡中坡下坡.总体来讲,巨菌草在干热河谷地区各坡位均能正常生长,中坡坡位的巨菌草生长状况最佳.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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