基于分片线性插值的北斗格网电离层延迟问题研究

为了增强定位精度,需不断提高电离层延迟模型精度,格网电离层模型由于修正效果佳而被广泛应用。针对格网模型构建过程中网格节点处电离层延迟的插值问题,提出了分片线性插值法计算用户端穿透点的电离层延迟。基于格网模型的特征,在同一模型中应用不同的插值算法进行电离层延迟误差的对比,并检验格网电离层垂直延迟修正误差(GIVE)。结果表明,使用分片线性插值法计算的穿透点电离层延迟值更接近于实测数据,GIVE值更小,从而验证了该插值方法计算用户端穿透点的电离层延迟的高准确度。     

BD星基增强系统格网电离层延迟算法的研究

随着北斗卫星导航系统的发展日益成熟,开发基于北斗的星基增强系统已刻不容缓,而电离层误差是影响星基增强系统定位精度的重要误差源。利用中国大陆构造环境监测网络的10个GNSS参考站在2016年3月20日的观测数据,验证了基于北斗导航系统的星基增强系统格网电离层修正算法在中国地区部分站点的修正精度,与Klobuchar模型修正法进行了对比,并检验了格网电离层垂直延迟的修正误差GIVE。结果表明,格网电离层修正算法的修正精度普遍优于Klobuchar模型修正法;修正误差也在正常范围内,进一步说明格网电离层延迟算法在中国地区的应用是可行的。     

DADS对人小细胞肺癌细胞株NCI—H446增殖的影响

目的探讨二烯丙基二硫（diallyldisulfide,DADS）体外抑制人肺癌细胞株NCI—H446细胞增殖作用。方法采用MTT、细胞计数、细胞活力检测DADS对体外培养的人肺癌H446细胞的抑制增殖作用;倒置显微镜观察DADS对体外培养的人肺癌H446细胞的形态学改变。结果IVIqT结果显示,DADS作用H446细胞后,明显抑制细胞增殖且抑制率呈现浓度时间依赖性关系;细胞计数结果表明,DADS作用H446细胞后其细胞群体倍增时间延长;形态学变化观察,随着DADS浓度递增,细胞逐渐稀疏,数量明显减少。结论DADS对人小细胞肺癌H446细胞株具有抗增殖作用,且与药物浓度及作用时间相关。     

WASS电离层网格算法在低纬地区的误差分析

对不同纬度的8个GPS观测台站得到的数据,采用广域增强系统(WASS)电离层网格算法计算了斜向电离层时延,并将计算结果同实际观测值之间的差别进行了统计分析.结果表明:在中高纬地区,WASS电离层网格算法的精度很高,但是在纬度较低的地区存在着较大的误差,产生这种误差的原因是由于低纬电离层中的电子浓度较大并且存在较大的经向梯度变化.为了减少这种误差,可以在低纬地区增加广域基准站的数量、缩小电离层单元网格的尺度等方法.     

北斗二号/三号融合的分米级星基增强算法与性能分析

北斗卫星导航系统星基增强服务通过地球静止卫星向用户播发等效钟差、轨道改正数、电离层格网改正数和分区综合改正数等四重广域差分改正数,用户在此基础上利用载波相位观测值实现实时分米级的定位性能.本文介绍了分米级星基增强服务的参数匹配算法以及单频、双频用户精密定位模型.将系统播发的四重差分改正数应用于北斗二号与三号融合的精密单点定位,分析了不同频点及定位模型的系统精密定位服务性能.18个测站7 d的结果表明:北斗二号/三号融合的星基增强服务双频组合动态精密单点定位平均12.42 min收敛至0.5 m以内,收敛后的平均定位精度为平面0.15 m,高程0.2 m;相比仅使用北斗二号系统,不同定位模型收敛时间平均缩短了56.7%;而基于非差非组合的分区定位收敛速度更快,并且能达到与无电离层组合模型相同的精度水平.使用北斗电离层格网信息改正的单频动态定位PPP平均11.74 min收敛至0.8 m以内,收敛后的平均定位精度为平面0.2 m,高程0.3 m;相比使用广播星历电离层模型改正的结果,静态和动态定位平均收敛时间分别缩减了21.4%和25.2%.     

A generalized trigonometric series function model for determining ionospheric delay

A generalized trigonometric series function (GTSF) model, with an adjustable number of parameters, is proposed and analyzed to study ionosphere by using GPS, especially to provide ionospheric delay correction for single frequency GPS users. The preliminary results show that, in comparison with the trigonometric series function (TSF) model and the polynomial (POLY) model, the GTSF model can more precisely describe the ionospheric variation and more efficiently provide the ionospheric correction when GPS data are used to investigate or extract the earth's ionospheric total electron content. It is also shown that the GTSF model can further improve the precision and accuracy of modeling local ionospheric delays.     

基于Cornell的自适应电离层闪烁强度的模型研究

针对Cornell模型在同一闪烁条件下,数据更新周期越长,估计和模型输入的幅度闪烁指数S4的偏差越大,并随着电离层闪烁的增强而增强的问题,提出基于Cornell模型的自适应S4的电离层闪烁模型即AS4-Cornell模型。模型以S4的偏差作为BP(back propagation)神经网络比例积分微分(proportional integral derivative, PID)算法的反馈,自动调整输入的复高斯白噪声的区段权值,使最终产生的闪烁信号满足模型输入的闪烁指数S4的指标。结果表明：仿真时,AS4-Cornell模型的幅度和相位闪烁序列概率分布均符合电离层闪烁理论,估算得到的电离层幅度指数S4与模型输入S4指数的最大偏差为0.001;全球定位系统(global positioning system, GPS)电离层闪烁模拟器测试时,AS4-Cornell模型估算得到的电离层幅度指数S4与模型输入S4指数的最大偏差为0.09;相比Cornell模型,AS4-Cornell模型产生的电离层闪烁信号更能够很好地反映模型输入的电离层闪烁指数S4的强度。     

A theoretical model for mid-and low-latitude ionospheric electric fields in realistic geomagnetic fields

The geomagnetic fields, which play important roles in the ionospheric dynamo, can greatly affect the global distribution of ionospheric electric fields, currents and other ionospheric electrodynamics phenomena. In the study of ionospheric electrodynamics phenomena, such as the longitudinal variations of ionospheric electric fields, the non-dipolar component of the geomagnetic fields must be taken into account. In this paper, we deduce a theoretical electric field model for ionospheric dynamo at mid- and low-latitude which adopt a modified magnetic apex coordinates system. In the new electric field model, the geomagnetic fields can be calculated from either the IGRF model or the dipole field model, and the neutral winds and conductivities are calculated based on empirical models. Then the dynamo equation for the electric potential is finally solved in terms of the line-by-line iteration method, and the ionospheric electric fields and currents are derived from the calculated potential. Our model can reproduce the main features of the ionospheric electrodynamics processes, so it will be a useful tool for the investigation of the upper atmosphere and ionosphere.     

Performance analysis of a 3D ionosphere tomographic model

A 3D high precision ionospheric model is developed based on tomography technique. This tomographic model employs GPS data observed by an operational network of dual-frequency GPS receivers. The methodology of developing a 3D ionospheric tomography model is briefly summarized. However emphasis is put on the analysis and evaluation of the accuracy variation of 3D ionosphere modeling with respect to the change of GPS data cutoff angle.Three typical cutoff angle values (15°, 20° and 25°) are tested. For each testing cutoff angle, the performances of the3D ionospheric model constructed using tomography technique are assessed by calibrating the model predicted ionospheric TEC with the GPS measured TEC and by employing the model predicted TEC to a practical GPS positioning application single point positioning (SPP).Test results indicate the 3D model predicted VTEC has about 0.4 TECU improvement in accuracy when cutoff angle rises from 15° to 20°. However, no apparent improvement is found from 20° to 25°. The model's improvement is also validated by the better SPP accuracy of 3D model than its counterpart-dual frequency model in the 20° and 25° cases.     

Ionospheric eclipse factor method (IEFM) for determining the ionospheric delay using GPS data

By establishing the ionospheric eclipse factor (IEF) λ of the ionospheric pierce point (IPP) and its ionospheric influence factor (IFF) λ, and combining λ, λ with t of IPP, a new method of modeling high-precision ionospheric delay using GPS data-ionospheric eclipse factor method (IEFM)-is presented in this paper. The IEFM can effectively select the proper ionospheric models to model the total electron content (TEC) with different changes corresponding to annual, seasonal and diurnal variations. Initial experimental results show that the correction precision of ionospheric delay modeled by the IEFM seems to be close to that of using L3 GPS observations to directly correct the corresponding ionospheric delay.     

圆截面三通管道层流流动的数值计算

本文利用椭圆型微分方程的数值求解,在圆截面三通管道内生成了非正交贴体网格系统,然后通过在该网格系统下数值求解三维Navier-Stokes方程,得到了不同Reynolds数下三通管道内层流流动的数值解。最后对计算结果进行了分析讨论。     

高频地波雷达电离层距离方程建模及仿真

针对电离层的空间分布特征,构建了体目标和面目标的雷达距离方程.根据不规则体对高频电波的相干散射原理,估算了电离层RCS的散射系数,进而给出基于电离层物理机制的广义高频地波雷达方程,从而量化了电离层特征参数对高频雷达系统的影响.通过仿真发现,对于面散射情形,斜向散射电离层杂波符合波束限制模型,垂直向的电离层杂波符合脉冲限...     

基于COSMIC数据开展全球电离层foF2建模及变化特征研究

电离层foF2是短波通信、天波超视距雷达系统所需的关键环境参数,使用2006—2014年COMSIC(constellation observing system for meteorology, ionosphere, and climate)掩星电离层数据和多项式方法,自主构建了高精度全球电离层foF2经验模型,并使用2015—2019年观测数据进行独立检验。本模型结果与建模及独立检验时段电离层foF2观测数据的相关系数分别为0.948和0.937,平均偏差分别为2.38%和3.08%,相对误差分别为11.72%和12.69%。利用该模型研究了电离层foF2时空变化特征,结果表明电离层foF2日夜变化幅度随纬度增加而变大,春秋分季期间南半球日夜变化幅度显著高于北半球,而夏季半球则远低于冬季半球。电离层foF2季节变化幅度随纬度增加而变大,夜间电离层foF2的季节变化以年特征为主,白天则包含了显著的年、半年特征,夜间季节变化幅度明显高于白天,南半球显著高于北半球。电离层foF2中纬槽现象主要出现在春秋分季夜间,经度方向四波结构主要出现在太阳活动低年和春秋分季期间。     

一种实时双频电离层修正方法

电离层延迟是影响GPS绝对定位的重要因素。比较常用的电离层延迟修正方法有模型方法和双频方法。模型方法和使用双频码伪距的方法精度有限。使用双频载波相位进行电离层延迟计算需要求解整周模糊度,计算复杂。本文提出了一种同时使用GPS双频码和载波观测量进行电离层误差修正的方法。使用卫星信号模拟器生成信号并用接收机实时接收,用此方法计算出电离层延迟值,并与真值进行比较,计算误差为厘米级。最后,接收真实卫星信号并计算了真实电离层延迟,并与使用Klobuchar模型方法计算出的电离层延迟进行了比较。     

Preliminary results and analyses of using IGS GPS data to determine global ionospheric TEC

Using the spherical harmonic (SH) function model and the dual frequency GPS data of 139 International GPS Service (IGS) stations for July 15 of 2000, the global ionospheric total electron content (TEC) is calculated and the basic method is investigated. Here, preliminary results are reported and the problems and difficulties to be solved for using GPS data to determine the global ionospheric TEC are discussed.     

利用GPS观测值反演电离层总电子含量的时空变化

为了便于电离层总电子含量时空变化的研究,利用区域电离层模型获得了GPS系统硬件延迟,从而进一步获取了绝对电离层总电子含量值.利用北京IGS站的GPS观测数据分别计算了2000年至2004年各个不同季节的总电子含量,经比较发现,电离层总电子含量表现出明显的季节性变化.利用中国地壳观测网络25个测站的观测数据计算发现,电离层总电子含量空间变化幅度大,在低纬度地区总电子含量值相对较大,而在中纬度地区相对较小.     

Inversion of ionospheric electron density from GPS beacon observations

~~Inversion of Ionospheric Electron Density from GPS Beacon Observations~~SupportedbytheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina(499840 0 1 )     

Ionospheric structure in the region of East-Asian equatorial anomaly reconstructed by tomography

A chain of low latitudinal ionospheric tomography along 120°E meridian has been operating since 1993. This chain is composed of six stations from Shanghai to Manila receiving signals from the transit NNSS satellites. In this paper several reconstruction examples are presented, which give the 2-D imaging of electron density distribution obtained from the observed TEC data by means of computerized tomography technique. In reconstruction process a multi-station method was used to determine the unknown phase offset. To overcome the limitation of incomplete projection data, a technique of backprojection in combination with a normalized ionospheric model was introduced to obtain the initial guess of electron density distribution. The results demonstrate that ionospheric tomographic technology is very useful and effective to investigate the equatorial and low-latitudinal ionospheric structures and dynamics. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation, of China & the Science Fourdation of State Education Committee of China Xu Jisheng: born in Nov. 1946, Professor     

Solar activity effects of the ionosphere: A brief review

Solar radiation, which varies over multiple temporal scales, modulates remarkably the evolution of the ionosphere. The solar activity dependence of the ionosphere is a key and fundamental issue in ionospheric physics, providing information essential to understanding the variations in the ionosphere and its processes. Selected recent studies on solar activity effects of the ionosphere are briefly reviewed in this report. This report focuses on (1) observations of solar irradiance at X-ray and extreme ultraviolet wavelengths and the outstanding problems of solar proxies, in the view of ionospheric studies, (2) new findings and improved representations of the features of the solar activity dependence of ionospheric key parameters and the corresponding physical processes, (3) possible phenomena in the ionosphere under extremely high and low solar activity conditions that are unique, as indicated by historical solar datasets and the deep solar minimum of solar cycle 23/24, and (4) statistical studies and model simulations of the ionosphere response to solar flares. The above-mentioned studies provide new clues for comprehensively explaining basic processes in the ionosphere and improving the prediction capability of ionospheric models and related applications.     

数字电离层建设的必要性

 实际应用中,针对不同的电离层电波传播效应,对不同的电离层参量特性,需采用不同手段的观测或不同参量模式的预测预报,解决不同的应用需求。这种"各自为阵"的方式不仅浪费资源,应用效果也较差。为此,本文提出了数字电离层概念,即综合利用中国已有及已经立项的空地多源立体探测体系,在电离层模式化研究的基础上,通过数据融合和数据同化,用数字化方式描述电离层状态参量过去、现在和未来的状况,高效统筹解决各类工程应用中对不同电离层参量的需求。介绍了数字电离层建设的必要性和国内外现状,重点说明了其主要内容和面临的技术瓶颈。