COMBINING SINGULAR SPECTRUM ANALYSIS AND PAR（p） STRUCTURES TO MODEL WIND SPEED TIME SERIES

Singular spectrum analysis （SSA） is a technique that decomposes a time series into a set of components, such as, trend, harmonics, and residuals. Leaving out the residual components and adding up the others, the time series can be smoothed. This procedure has been used to model Brazilian electricity consumption and flow series. The PAR（p）, periodic autoregressive models, has been broadly used in modelling energy series in Brazil. This paper presents an approach of this decomposition method, by fitting the PAR（p）, considering its multivariate version known as multivariate SSA （MSSA）. The method was applied to a vector of two wind speed series recorded at two locations in the Brazilian Northeast region. The obtained results, when compared to the univariate decomposition of each series, were far superior, showing that the spatial correlation between the two series were considered by MSSA decomposition stage.     

基于奇异谱分析的我国航空客运量集成预测模型

针对时间序列包含噪声以及单一模型可能存在预测表现不稳定的问题,本文提出了一个基于奇异谱分析(SSA)的集成预测模型,并将其运用于我国年度航空客运量的预测中.首先,采用SSA方法对原始时间序列进行分解和重构,得到一个剔除噪声的时间序列,然后将其作为单整自回归移动平均模型(ARIMA)、支持向量回归模型(SVR)、Holt-Winters方法(HW)等单一模型的输入并进行预测,接着再采用加权平均集成预测方法(WA)将三种单一模型的预测结果进行综合集成.通过与各单一模型、基于经验模态分解方法(EMD)的模型以及简单平均集成预测方法(SA)的预测结果进行对比发现,本文所建模型具有较高的预测精度和较稳定的预测表现.最后,采用本文的模型对我国2014-2016年年度航空客运量进行了预测.     

Singular spectrum analysis: methodology and application to economics data

This paper describes the methodology of singular spectrum analysis (SSA) and demonstrate that it is a powerful method of time series analysis and forecasting, particulary for economic time series. The authors consider the application of SSA to the analysis and forecasting of the Iranian national accounts data as provided by the Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran. This research was in part supported by a grant (No. 88/121230) from Institute for Trade Studies and Research (ITSR), Tehran, Iran.     

Consensus and r-consensus problems for singular systems

In this paper, the problem of consensus for continuous time singular systems of multi-agent networks is considered. The definition of r-consensus is introduced for singular systems of multi-agent networks. Firstly, linear systems with algebraic constraints are considered, and the corresponding results about consensus and average-consensus are derived. Then r-consensus and consensus problems of singular systems are investigated. Sufficient conditions of r-consensus and consensus are obtained, respectively. Finally, an illustrative example is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

基于奇异谱分析的航空客运需求分析与分解集成预测模型

考虑到航空旅客运输需求影响因素复杂以及航空客运需求序列非线性非平稳等特征,本文提出了一个基于奇异谱分析(SSA)的航空客运需求分析与分解集成预测模型.需求分析阶段,首先使用SSA对航空客运需求序列进行有效分解,接着借助奇异熵理论,将序列重构为长期趋势项、中期市场波动项和短期噪声项;预测阶段,使用排列熵(PE)判断各重构序列复杂度的高低,并依据序列复杂度分别选择粒子群算法(PSO)和布谷鸟算法(CS)双优化的支持向量回归模型(SVR)或单整自回归移动平均模型(ARIMA)进行预测,结果表明,该分解集成预测模型较ARIMA、SVR等基准模型有着更好的预测性能.     

FORECASTING ：EXCHANGE RATES： AN OPTIMAL APPROACH

This paper looks at forecasting daily exchange rates for the United Kingdom, European Union, and China. Here, the authors evaluate the forecasting performance of neural networks （NN）, vector singular spectrum analysis （VSSA）, and recurrent singular spectrum analysis （RSSA） for fore casting exchange rates in these countries. The authors find statistically significant evidence based on the RMSE, that both VSSA and RSSA models outperform NN at forecasting the highly unpredictable exchange rates for China. However, the authors find no evidence to suggest any difference between the forecasting accuracy of the three models for UK and EU exchange rates.     

基于SSA-ELM的大宗商品价格预测研究

随着经济全球化的发展,国际期货市场中各大类大宗商品价格波动剧烈,而全球经济形势不明朗以及货币政策不确定使得大宗商品期货价格难以被准确预测.本文选取玉米,原油,黄金分别作为大宗商品农产品类、能源类、金属类的代表对象,基于奇异谱分析方法(singular spectrum analysis,SSA),对商品期货价格进行分解,结合Kmeans动态聚类技术将分解量聚合成不同特征的价格序列,再采用具有优良特性的极限学习机算法(extreme learning machine,ELM)对模型进行训练,得到大宗商品期货价格预测模型.实证结果表明,采用序列分解聚类策略能够显著提高模型预测精度,在价格未来的整体水平和变动方向上都能达到较好的预测效果.     

广义连续随机线性系统的最优递推问题

讨论了广义连续随机线性系统的最优递推问题,利用矩阵的奇异值分解理论,给出了广义连续随机线性系统的奇异值标准形式,基于标准形式,在两种情况下,将系统分解成两个子系统,通过对子系统状态估计的研究,得到了该系统的最优递推方程。结果表明,对于广义系统,该方法有效地减少了计算量。     

Estimating multi-country prosperity index: A two-dimensional singular spectrum analysis approach

With the development of the global economy, interaction among different economic entities from one region is intensifying, which makes it significant to consider such interaction when constructing composite index for each country from one region. Recent advances in signal extraction and time series analysis have made such consideration feasible and practical. Singular spectrum analysis （SSA） is a well-developed technique for time series analysis and proven to be a powerful tool for signal extraction. The present study aims to introduce the usage of the SSA technique for multi-country business cycle analysis. The multivariate SSA （MSSA） is employed to construct a model-based composite index and the two dimensional SSA （2D-SSA） is employed to establish the multi-country composite index. Empirical results performed on Chinese economy demonstrate the accuracy and stability of MSSA-based composite index, and the 2D-SSA based composite indices for Asian countries confirm the efficiency of the technique in capturing the interaction among different countries.     

A New Approach to Optimal Filtering for SingularDiscrete-Time Stochastic Linear System

1IntroductionBecausetherealisticproblemwhichsingularsystemdescribesiswiderthanthenormalsystemsdo,theresearchofsingularsystemshasreceivedagreatdealofattention.Andmanyachievementshavebeenobtainedinthefieldsofstructuralcharacteranalysisanddesignmethodsofsingularsystems.Butforthestateestimationonlypreliminaryprobehasbeenmade.References[2]--[51proposedrespectivesolutionsbasedonleastsquaremethod.References[6]--[71transformsingularsystemsintonormalsystemsthroughmatrixresolutionandthenmakeuseofKalman…     

AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF SAMPLING INTERVAL FOR EXCHANGE RATE FORECASTING WITH NEURAL NETWORKS

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have been widely used as a promising alternative approach for forecast task because of their several distinguishing features. In this paper, we investigate the effect of different sampling intervals on predictive performance of ANNs in forecasting exchange rate time series. It is shown that selection of an appropriate sampling interval would permit the neural network to model adequately the financial time series. Too short or too long a sampling interval does not provide good forecasting accuracy. In addition, we discuss the effect of forecasting horizons and input nodes on the prediction performance of neural networks.     

自适应局部线性化法预测混沌时间序列

提出一种基于奇异值分解最小二乘法的自适应局部线性化预测方法.它要求数据矩阵的条件数不大于给定阈值,并据此自适应地确定当前相空间的维数,然后根据新的嵌入维数重构数据矩阵,进行模型的参数估计和计算当前预测值.实验结果说明所提方法精度高且稳健.特别是当嵌入维数接近最邻近向量的数目时,其性能显著优于普通局部线性化方法.     

金融危机背景下的人民币汇率预测

在为金融危机期间人民币汇率的波动提供一种有效的预测方法.在利用替代数据方法检验和判别汇率系统具有非线性结构的基础上,识别了各具体汇率序列的最优滞后期组合,并分别采用了多层感知机(MLP)和层反馈网络(RNN2)结构构建同质神经网络模型,从三个方面对比分析了模型群在不同参数条件下的预测效果. 研究发现,根据不同序列的具体特征,各神经网络模型在不同自由度下的4个预测期限内的预测性能存在较明显的差异.同时,包含层反馈过程的RNN2模型在描述与预测人民币汇率的波动方面表现出很强的能力.此外, 还分析并解释了产生上述结果的原因,并为4种人民币汇率波动序列甄选出了相应的最优预测模型.     

A Demand Forecasting Method Based on Stochastic Frontier Analysis and Model Average: An Application in Air Travel Demand Forecasting

Demand forecasting is often difficult due to the unobservability of the applicable historical demand series. In this study, the authors propose a demand forecasting method based on stochastic frontier analysis(SFA) models and a model average technique. First, considering model uncertainty,a set of alternative SFA models with various combinations of explanatory variables and distribution assumptions are constructed to estimate demands. Second, an average estimate from the estimated demand values is obtained using a model average technique. Finally, future demand forecasts are achieved, with the average estimates used as historical observations. An empirical application of air travel demand forecasting is implemented. The results of a forecasting performance comparison show that in addition to its ability to estimate demand, the proposed method outperforms other common methods in terms of forecasting passenger traffic.     

及时性自适应高维经济基本面建模与汇率预测分析

在人民币国际化不断推进,人民币汇率双向波动加强的背景下,构建具有优良预测能力的汇率预测模型愈发重要.参数模型对汇率预测的能力不仅取决于模型设定是否正确,还取决于模型能够同时:一方面能否迅速探测模型参数的结构性变化以使用最佳信息估计模型参数,另一方面能否及时识别模型解释变量以使用最佳解释变量对汇率进行预测.本文构建了自适应变元算法.该算法不仅能实时检测模型参数的结构性变化,探测参数的最大化同质区间,同时还能对变量进行及时识别以选择最佳模型解释变量,提高模型的预测能力.在样本外向前3至24个月的汇率预测中,自适应变元算法能显著超越随机游走,马尔可夫机制转换模型,误差修正模型,实时最优窗算法,多元自适应可变窗算法与其他经济基本面模型包括:弹性货币模型,购买力平价模型,利率平价模型,泰勒规则模型,偏移泰勒规则模型.变量选择结果显示,自"811"汇改以后,经济基本面因素决定了人民币汇率走势.中国与其他发达经济体包括欧元区,英国与日本的经济基本面同样能够决定美元兑人民币汇率走向.另外,自"811"汇改之后,人民币汇率预期相比于"811"汇改之前更易受到外部冲击的影响,合理的人民币汇率预期监管依然需要依赖于实行有管理的浮动汇率制度,防止汇率风险.     

汇率预测的“米斯和罗格夫之谜”破解——来自非参数方法的回答

汇率预测非常困难,其波动具有时变性、随机性和模糊性等统计特征.现存文献中各种方法和模型的预测效果受很多因素影响,其预测力都不及随机游走模型,这就是汇率预测领域所谓的"米斯和罗格夫之谜(The Meese and Rogoff puzzle)".本文使用非参数方法研究汇率波动及其预测模型,发现较之任何参数方法、半参数方法都具有更大的灵活性.为了克服"维数魔咒",本文提出非参数可加模型来研究汇率预测问题.与现有模型相比,在同样的观察样本期内,非参数可加汇率预测模型有更好的样本外预测能力,这有力地证明了"米斯和罗格夫之谜"并非难以破解.此外,我们将非参数可加汇率模型应用于人民币对美元的汇率预测,其结果仍然揭示了该模型很好的拟合度和预测能力.本文为汇率预测这一研究领域提供了新的研究思路和方法.     

An Ensemble Model of Arima and Ann with Restricted Boltzmann Machine Based on Decomposition of Discrete Wavelet Transform for Time Series Forecasting

Time series forecasting research area mainly focuses on developing effective forecasting models to improve prediction accuracy. An ensemble model composed of autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), artificial neural network (ANN), restricted Boltzmann machines (RBM), and discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is presented in this paper. In the proposed model, DWT first decomposes time series into approximation and detail. Then Khashei and Bijari’s model, which is an ensemble model of ARIMA and ANN, is applied to the approximation and detail to extract their both linear and nonlinear components and fit the relationship between the components as a function instead of additive relationship. Furthermore, RBM is used to perform pre-training for generating initial weights and biases based on inputs feature for ANN. Finally, the forecasted approximation and detail are combined to obtain final forecasting. The forecasting capability of the proposed model is tested with three well-known time series: sunspot, Canadian lynx, exchange rate time series. The prediction performance is compared to the other six forecasting models. The results indicate that the proposed model gives the best performance in all three data sets and all three measures (i.e. MSE, MAE and MAPE).     

基于多分辨率技术及奇异值理论的故障检测方法

提出了以小波多分辨率技术与矩阵奇异值理论相结合的故障检测方法。根据小波变换的多分辨率分解特性 ,提出了系统状态观测信号的二初始特征向量矩阵———粗分辨逼近矩阵和边缘细节信息矩阵。利用矩阵奇异值分解理论得到初始特征向量矩阵的奇异值 ,将其作为状态信号的特征向量。针对提取出的系统状态信号奇异值特征 ,设计出相应的故障检测算法 ,并将该方法用于某武器平台上精密弹簧阻尼器的故障检测。仿真结果证实了该方法的正确性和有效性。     

TIME SERIES FORECASTING WITH MULTIPLE CANDIDATE MODELS： SELECTING OR COMBINING？

Various mathematical models have been commonly used in time series analysis and forecasting. In these processes, academic researchers and business practitioners often come up against two important problems. One is whether to select an appropriate modeling approach for prediction purposes or to combine these different individual approaches into a single forecast for the different/dissimilar modeling approaches. Another is whether to select the best candidate model for forecasting or to mix the various candidate models with different parameters into a new forecast for the same/similar modeling approaches. In this study, we propose a set of computational procedures to solve the above two issues via two judgmental criteria. Meanwhile, in view of the problems presented in the literature, a novel modeling technique is also proposed to overcome the drawbacks of existing combined forecasting methods. To verify the efficiency and reliability of the proposed procedure and modeling technique, the simulations and real data examples are conducted in this study.The results obtained reveal that the proposed procedure and modeling technique can be used as a feasible solution for time series forecasting with multiple candidate models.     

混沌时间序列的混合预测方法

提出了一种基于小波变换、粒子群优化的最小二乘支持向量机(PSO-LSSVM)和广义自回归条件异方差模型(GARCH)的混沌时间序列的混合预测方法.首先利用小波变换将混沌时间序列分解和重构成概貌时间序列和细节时间序列; 然后利用PSO-LSSVM模型预测概貌时间序列的未来值,采用GARCH模型预测细节时间序列的未来值;最后将概貌时间序列和细节时间序列的未来值求和作为最终的预测结果.采用该方法对Mackey-Glass和变参数Logistic混沌时间序列进行预测. 结果表明该方法能精确地预测混沌时间序列,验证了文中所提方法的有效性.