区县级滑坡灾害预测预报系统研究与应用(三峡地区资源环境生态研究)

滑坡灾害是危害最为严重的地质灾害之一,防治这种地质灾害最有效的途径是对其进行预测预报。为了较好地预测预报滑坡灾害,通过对滑坡灾害危险等级区划模型进行深入研究分析,采用滑坡有效降水引发的滑坡灾害危险区划模型,运用GIS二次开发方式设计实现了区县级精细化滑坡预测预报系统,完成了滑坡灾害危险等级区划结果预测及滑坡灾害信息管理。该系统以文本、图片的方式,通过电视、广播、互联网、远程Web访问、手机短信服务等多种渠道向公众发布当日及未来3日可能发生危险滑坡等级,提供应对措施等有效参考信息,也为当地政府部门制订防灾、减灾措施等提供科学的决策依据。     

黄土滑坡类型及变形破坏机制

中国西北黄土高原地区滑坡灾害十分发育,按滑体岩土组成和滑面发育位置,黄土地区的滑坡可划分为黄土层内滑坡、黄土接触面滑坡、黄土-泥岩顺层滑坡、黄土-泥岩切层滑坡四种基本类型。在此基础上。本文对四类黄土滑坡的变形破坏机制进行了系统研究,主要包括滑移-拉裂型、滑移-压致-拉裂型、滑移—拉裂-剪断型三类,归纳总结了不同黄土滑坡对应的变形破坏机制。这些基本规律对黄土滑坡研究和防治、滑坡灾害预测有-定指导意义和实用价值。     

渤海海域海冰严重灾害的灰色预测

根据１９６０－１９９５年间渤海海域的海冰灾害的实际观测资料，建立了信息ＧＭ（１，１）模型，并在此基础上又分别对ＧＭ（１，１）灰色预测模型提出新的改进型预测模型，并运用改进型的预测模型对渤海海域的海冰严重灾害进行预测，据预测未来可能发生的两次海冰严重灾害为２００３年和２０１１年。     

滑坡预测预报研究发展综述

滑坡预测预报系统将有效的解决灾害发生地点,灾害发生时间,灾害将带来的影响和破坏程度这三方面边坡灾害的疑惑。本文将对滑坡预测预报研究发展过程进行综述回顾,对滑坡预测现阶段存在的主要问题进行阐述,对边坡预测预报的发展趋势进行展望。     

用开放的复杂巨系统理论探讨《滑坡灾害学》的构建

《滑坡灾害学》是为了研究和揭示滑坡灾害的发生、发展和演化规律，使之有效地防灾和减灾而产生的一个新兴边缘学科。它是一个涉及领域广阔、研究对象众多的复杂系统。本文介绍了开放的复杂巨系统理论及其方法论，文章在分析滑坡灾害系统特征的基础上，指出滑坡灾害系统是一个开放的复杂巨系统，并提出以开放的复杂巨系统理论指导《滑坡灾害学》的构建。     

滑坡区下煤层控制开采与综合治理

开采引起滑坡灾害的控制是矿山安全开采工程中需要解决的难题之一。根据地下开采与滑坡体的协同作用关系，分析了达竹矿务局柏林煤矿042采区南翼滑坡体结构、类型及特点，在坡脚采用涵洞导流充填河沟自由面，在坡体中下部设深坑基混凝土抗滑墩，在坡体上部采用排水沟疏水等综合控制措施，同时应用顺坡间歇区段控制开采技术开采滑坡体下煤层。结果表明：这种方法的应用能够有效地控制采动引起坡体表土层滑移，防止滑坡灾害的发生，保护了坡体下部工业广场的建筑设施，实现了滑坡区高层建筑物下煤层的安全开采，取得了显著的技术经济效益；应用控制开采技术结合滑坡区综合治理措施是滑坡区下安全开采的一种有效方法。     

灰色系统理论在徐州地区气象干旱预测中的应用

干旱是气象灾害中最频发的一种,对国民经济和生态环境会产生重大影响.气象干旱是干旱的基础类型,对其适时预测分析有助于当地的灾害预防.根据徐州1960～2005年的降水资料,运用灰色系统理论,构建了不同响应时间(年和4季)的徐州地区气象干旱灰色预测模型GM(1,1).将模型进行统计检验并预测2006～2020年徐州气象干旱可能发生的年份,结合2006～2010年徐州降水量及无降水日记录对预报结果验证.结果表明,该理论模型的预测结果合理可信,2010～2020年间徐州地区干旱可能发生的年份为2015,2017,2020年,此结果可为徐州农业灌溉决策服务和管理提供一定参考.     

历史时期长江三峡地区山地地质灾害的分布规律及特点

三峡地区是中国山地地质灾害最为严重的地区之一,历代史料中不乏对这些灾害的记载。通过对这些史料的整理、研究,有利于我们了解这一地区的山地地质灾害情况,总结灾害规律,进而预测未来三峡地区可能发生的山地地质灾害。文章主要依据历代正史、方志、现代灾害史料汇编等资料,详细分析了历史时期三峡地区山地地质灾害的时空分布规律和灾害特点,发现历史时期三峡地区岩崩滑坡灾害较多,且集中在重庆城区及云阳至秭归一线,而从灾害发生的时间来看,主要集中在夏季。     

公路降雨型滑坡灾害的预测预报

在公路工程中,降雨型滑坡灾害具有区域性、群发性和突发性等特点,是常见的公路自然灾害之一,往往破坏交通基础设施,造成交通中断和人员财产损失。简要地论述了降雨型滑坡灾害的特点及其成因机制,并从空间预测、时间预报和强度预报等3方面研究了其预测预报方法。其中,空间预测是时间预报的先决条件。正确合理地预测预报公路降雨型滑坡灾害,对进一步研究公路滑坡灾害危险性评价及其区划是非常必要的,对公路建设及养护具有十分重要的意义。     

云南省不同降水型地质灾害的降水特征对比分析

利用2014—2020年云南地质灾害数据和气象站降水资料，通过有效降水量法筛选出降水型滑坡、泥石流和崩塌灾害，并分析灾害发生时次前的降水特征.结果显示：云南降水型地质灾害以滑坡为主，其次是泥石流和崩塌；诱发3类地质灾害的降水类型都有短时强降水、短期降水和长历时降水.由短期降水造成的滑坡、泥石流和崩塌灾害样本分别占78%、83%和75%，其中超过75%灾害发生前3 d出现强降水事件，泥石流更是高达96%；诱发滑坡和泥石流灾害的短历时强降水主要发生在前12 h，其中滑坡灾害发生短历时强降水时次最多的是前1～4 h，泥石流灾害发生短历时强降水时次最多的是前1 h；云南大部地区滑坡、泥石流和崩塌灾害主要由短期降水引起，特别是怒江地区最显著.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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