基于遗传算法的桁架形状优化及最小质量设计

在工程结构的优化设计中,应用遗传算法的基本原理,研究了离散设计变量全局寻优等传统优化方法难于解决的特殊问题.以平面桁架梁作为解析例,选取桁架的节点坐标和杆件的截面特征为设计参数,模拟遗传操作过程中的生物进化机制,对桁架的构成和形状的优化问题进行了解析.得到桁架在不同情况下的形状优化解,并使桁架质量趋于最小.研究结果验证了遗传算法在桁架的形状最优化和最小质量设计中应用的可行性.     

基于类内类间判据与遗传算法的故障特征选择方法

针对原始故障数据集因"高维"和"海量"引发的"维数灾难"问题,提出一种基于类内类间距离判据和遗传算法相结合的故障特征选择方法.在提取出时域、频域、小波包频带能量作为描述系统状态的原始故障特征集基础上,经类内类间距离判据初次选择剔除不相关特征之后,引入遗传算法二次选择去除冗余特征,得到一种近似最优特征子集.结果表明:基于类内类间距离判据和遗传算法的故障特征选择方法可以剔除不相关和冗余特征,最终得到精简特征子集,并且筛选出的特征子集对故障类型的判别有很高的识别能力.     

一种基于QC距离的形状匹配方法

形状上下文特征描述是图像描述的一种,形状特征向量的提取和相似度量方法至关重要.提出了一种基于QC距离的形状匹配方法,首先计算所有形状轮廓点间径向和角度的相对位置关系,得到形状的特征描述分布,然后利用QC距离来度量特征分布间的相似度,最终实现形状匹配.在手写数字公测数据集MNIST上的实验结果表明,引入QC距离度量有效地提高了匹配的准确率.     

一种基于旋转不变量的三维形状描述子

提出一种新的基于三维模型的旋转不变量的形状描述子。在此方法中,使用Hadamard变换的工具先将三维模型表达成一序列球面函数,然后使用球面调和分析提取这些球面函数的旋转不变量。这一做法能够尽量避免将三维模型表达成球面函数过程中的信息丢失。基于这些旋转不变量给出了一种形状相似性度量。给出了大量试验结果,验证了此描述子的性能要优于其他现有的三维形状描述子。     

基于RF模型的高分辨率遥感影像分类评价

以QuickBird高分辨率遥感影像为主要数据源,采用多尺度影像分割方法提取地物对象的光谱、纹理和形状特征;在此基础上,构建基于随机森林（RF）方法的遥感影像分类模型,分析和评价特征变量对模型重要性与稳定性的影响。结果表明:1研究区最优分割尺度参数为70、形状因子0.2、色彩因子0.8,同时构建研究区乔木、灌木和草地等8个景观类型的光谱、纹理和形状等32个特征变量信息;2选择5 000棵树和1个节点变量构建的RF分类模型的总体精度为0.94,Kappa系数为0.93,OOB（Out of Bag）数据泛化误差为6.01%;3通过分析特征变量的重要性发现,Ratio_la₁和Ratio_la₂等光谱特征的重要性值明显比形状特征和纹理特征的高;4基于平均下降精度,选择16个变量构建RF模型时总体精度达到0.94,Kappa系数0.93;5基于基尼指数构建的RF模型,在19个变量时总体精度和Kappa系数达到峰值。相比较而言,基于平均下降精度构建的RF较稳定。     

基于改进遗传算法的区间光谱特征波长变量选择方法

为提高土壤养分近红外光谱预测模型的鲁棒性和预测精度,提出一种基于改进遗传算法的近红外区间光谱特征波长变量选择方法.利用土壤速效磷近红外光谱全光谱波长变量纯度梯度的正负变化次数将全光谱划分为多个波长间隔,以偏最小二乘回归模型(PLS-R)输出的变量投影重要性系数(V_(VIP))大于1作为提取准则,提取对土壤养分预测目标量解释性较强的波长间隔,并合并成一个区间光谱.建立区间光谱特征波长变量(FWV)PLS-R模型,利用改进遗传算法选择PLS-R的均方根误差为最小对应的FWV为最优FWV.试验结果表明:该方法在区间光谱选择最优FWV,能提高回归模型的鲁棒性和预测精度,简化模型结构;改进遗传算法采用一种改进的实数编码差分变异算子,扩大了全局最优解搜索空间,提高了收敛速度.     

基于多方向滤波的人脸年龄图像合成方法

为补偿人脸识别中的年龄变化,结合人脸形状与纹理信息,提出了一种新的人脸年龄图像合成方法来模拟年龄变化.首先将人群划分成8个年龄段,选取不同年龄段人脸的多个特征点,依据径向基函数变形技术,得到脸形变形函数,对人脸进行形状变形;接着对目标图像进行多方向滤波,提取原始纹理信息,然后根据使用神经网络模拟得到的年龄因子,选择相应的模板纹理信息,在原始纹理信息基础上进行置换和融合,得到新的纹理信息特征,并将得到的纹理特征叠加在已经变形的人脸图像上,合成年龄模拟图像.另外为进行更细微的纹理控制,使用高斯滤波器调节滤波程度.试验结果表明该方法简单易行,而且可以生成更接近目标年龄的人脸图像.     

基于多特征的洞库类目标识别方法

针对洞库类目标自动识别研究较少、识别率较低、识别方法成本较高等问题,设计了基于多种特征的洞库类目标识别算法.探讨了典型洞库类目标的模型并总结其主要特征;其次利用HOG特征对输入图像进行初步筛选,筛选出包含有洞库类目标的图像;然后基于洞库类目标的灰度特征提出了一种图像局部自适应阈值生成算法Wiblack提取图像中的疑似目标;最后搭建了洞库类目标的数学模型,并提出了基于形状相似度的目标判别算法,采用圆形相似度与椭圆形状相似度二次相似度判别方法,最终得出识别结果并描述目标轮廓,完成目标识别.实验结果表明该方法在洞库类目标的识别应用中有效可行,基于本文实验数据的识别准确度为92.6%.      

基于实数编码遗传算法的超二次模型参数提取计算

如何从真实景物形状信息中计算出对其几何形状描述的超二次基元模型的参数,是从二维图像或三维数据中进行超二次模型重建的关键,这个过程称为超二次模型的参数提取,也称为超二次拟合计算.由于传统的搜索算法很容易陷入局部最优解,因此,本文将实数编码遗传算法应用于超二次模型的参数提取中,针对不同的遗传算法控制策略、遗传算子等进行了大量的拟合计算数值比较实验.数值实验表明,应用实数编码遗传算法进行超二次模型参数提取计算具有效率高、鲁棒性好、精度高的优点.     

基于全局和角点特征的图像检索

图像的颜色、纹理和形状等视觉特征是图像信息描述的重要内容,而这些特征是从图像的全局提取还是从局部提取,对图像的可区分性描述是不同的。为了更全面地描述图像信息以提高图像检索精度,从整幅图像中提取HSV直方图特征和LBP特征,然后提取图像角点的Hu矩形状特征和基于GLCM的纹理特征,融合这两类特征,选用相对曼哈顿距离进行相似性度量完成图像检索。实验结果表明,该图像检索方法的查准率有了一定的提高。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that