双向荷载下多裂纹弹塑性双参数断裂分析

运用J-A2双参数理论,对具有共线双裂纹的平板进行弹塑性断裂分析.采用ABAQUS有限元分析软件,分别计算单向加载及双向加载,在不同载荷比时,具有不同裂纹尺寸与不同裂纹间距情况下主裂纹的断裂驱动力和约束参数.分析结果表明:与裂纹平行的横向荷载对裂纹尖端约束参数A2影响很大,在J-积分相同的情况下,横向荷载越大裂纹尖端约束水平越低;在单向加载情况下,随着相邻次裂纹长度的增加,主裂纹尖端约束水平提高;而在双向加载情况下,随着相邻次裂纹长度的增加,主裂纹尖端约束水平降低;但无论是单向加载还是双向加载,随着裂纹间距的增加,主裂纹尖端约束水平均降低.     

缺口根半径对NiTi形状记忆合金缺口前应力-应变分布和马氏体相转变的影响

用有限元法(FEM),计算不同缺口根半径的NiTi形状记忆合金紧凑拉伸试样在加载-卸载单次循环载荷下缺口前的应力-应变分布和马氏体体积分数.计算表明:4个特征载荷,即加载时缺口尖端A向M转变开始和结束时的载荷以及逆转变M向A转变开始和结束时的载荷,均随着缺口根半径的增加而增大.在相同特征载荷下,缺口前端区的最大正应力yσy和等效应变ε以及相应于马氏体相变的应力平台的长度均随着缺口根半径的增加而增大.缺口前端的马氏体体积分数随着到缺口尖端距离的增加逐渐下降,在特征载荷下,随着根半径增加,马氏体体积分数增加,发生马氏体相转变的区域增大.     

管线钢半椭圆裂纹体的弹塑性断裂分析

基于.J- A2双参数断裂理论,对带半椭圆表面裂纹和单边贯穿裂纹的拉伸试件进行弹塑性断裂分析.计算并比较了X80和X100钢裂纹体在裂纹宽度相同、深度不同时的断裂驱动力J和约束参数A2.根据2种钢的断裂失效曲线,对椭圆裂纹最深点及相应深度的单边裂纹进行断裂分析比较.结果表明:椭圆裂纹深度的改变主要影响J积分值而对约束水...     

基于约束参数的断裂韧性转化研究

为解决材料在不同约束条件下断裂韧性转换的问题,基于三点弯曲试验过程的有限元模拟,对铁素体钢材的典型材料(低合金高强钢材Q345B)的断裂韧性进行了研究。针对不同约束水平(裂纹的深或浅)的三点弯曲试样建立ABAQUS有限元数值仿真模型,计算获得裂纹尖端断裂韧性J积分值,结合J-A_2方法计算不同裂纹深度的三点弯曲试样的约束参数A_2,研究了弹塑性断裂力学考虑约束效应的断裂韧性转化问题。结果表明,随裂纹长度的增加,约束参数A_2值逐渐增大,深裂纹试样的裂纹尖端处于高约束情况,更容易失效。运用J-A_2方法对不同裂纹深度三点弯曲试样的断裂韧性值进行了转化,转化结果与模拟值吻合良好,误差均在8%以内,验证了J-A_2法在断裂韧性转化中的可行性。     

喷丸强化铝锂合金单边缺口拉伸试样谱载寿命预测

基于断裂力学的方法,对喷丸强化铝锂合金单边缺口拉伸试样在Mini-Twist载荷谱下的疲劳裂纹扩展行为进行研究.使用权函数计算裂纹在外加载荷和残余应力场共同作用下的应力强度因子;考虑到裂纹存在的闭合效应,基于NEWMAN的拟合公式,计算并更新Mini-Twist载荷谱下的张开应力.分析不完整的残余应力场测量结果对寿命预测的影响,发现不完整的测量数据对深度较小的残余应力场的寿命预测结果影响更大.     

疲劳裂纹在TA2板中扩展及超载迟滞效应的实验研究

以中心裂纹拉伸M(T)试样为试件,研究了TA2钛板中Ⅰ+Ⅱ复合型缺口裂纹在不同载荷条件下的扩展情况,重点研究了在恒幅载荷和超载载荷下新裂纹的起裂、扩展和迟滞。结果发现在TA2材料中,从I+II复合型缺口裂纹尖端起裂的新裂纹是以Ⅰ型裂纹型式向前扩展的,并且与缺口裂纹取向以及是否受到超载无关;裂纹疲劳扩展速率和Ⅰ型应力强度因子变化幅之间的关系符合Paris公式;经过超载后,裂纹在TA2材料中的起裂和扩展难度显著提高,而且裂纹越短,超载迟滞效应越明显,超载后在裂纹尖端附近形成的残余压应力塑性区是产生超载迟滞效应的原因。     

高强钢氢致滞后断裂滞后时间的有限元预测

基于氢相关的内聚力模型,开发了顺次耦合的氢致滞后断裂有限元计算程序,预测了预含氢AISI4135高强钢圆棒缺口试样在常载荷拉伸条件下的滞后断裂时间,并考察了试样初始平均含氢水平对滞后断裂的影响.结果表明,氢相关的内聚力模型可有效预测氢致滞后断裂的断裂时间,有限元预测结果和相关报道较为一致.氢致滞后断裂存在氢临界值,当缺口尖端应力集中区聚集的氢浓度达到临界时裂纹开始形核,此临界值和结构的初始含氢量无关.     

SiC／Al复合材料的微观结构对裂纹扩展的影响

借助高倍光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜，研究了ＳｉＣ颗业体积分数分别为０．１和０．２的ＳｉＣ／Ａｌ复合材料单边缺口试样拉伸断裂过程中材料的微观结构对细观裂纹扩展的影响。结果表明：对复合材料中原有微缺口的敏感性，前者比后者高，导致产生断裂裂纹的细观裂纹的萌生，扩展行为不仅受宏观主应力的影响，而且受细观裂纹尖端前方的微观组织结构的控制。     

考虑约束效应的概率断裂失效分析

针对试样几何、加载方式会在裂纹尖端产生不同的约束效应,对存在缺陷的构件进行安全性评定、寿命评估和失效概率计算时考虑约束效应,在R6失效评定曲线基础上,采用T-应力作为约束参量,建立与约束相关的失效评定曲线.在单向和双向载荷情况下,利用Mont-carlo法对存在半椭圆形表面裂纹的构件进行概率断裂力学分析,并与由传统R6失效评定曲线得到的结果进行比较.在不同的双向载荷比和裂纹几何情况下,讨论约束效应对裂纹失效概率和失效点位置预测结果的影响程度.结果表明,裂纹尖端的约束效应对构件断裂失效概率和起裂点位置均具有较大的影响;载荷比越大,由两种评定曲线计算得到的失效概率越接近.     

基于裂纹尖端张开角准则的多裂纹薄壁结构剩余强度分析

评估由中央裂纹（M(T)）试样获得的裂纹尖端张开角(CTOA)预测多裂纹薄壁结构剩余强度的有效性.利用ABAQUS软件建立含有M(T)试样的二维有限元模型,采用裂纹尖端张开角断裂准则和平面应力模型模拟其裂纹扩展过程.对具有不同初始裂纹长度的M(T)试样,该方法预测的剩余强度和载荷-裂纹扩展增量曲线与试验结果接近,误差小于6%;但对于含有多条裂纹试样的剩余强度预测值偏大,相对误差在20%左右.通过增加对裂纹尖端周围单元约束的改进,采用平面应变核模型可以有效提高剩余强度预测精度;对具有不同多裂纹构型的薄壁结构进行分析,采用恒定裂纹尖端张开角和平面应变核的方法均可以得到与试验相近的结果,剩余强度预测误差基本都在10%以内.

     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of