APEG-g-LA的制备及作为水煤浆分散剂的应用

以自制的木质素磺酸钠(LA)为基体,过硫酸钾(K2S2O8)为引发剂,与烯丙基聚醚(APEG)进行聚合制备了烯丙基聚醚接枝木质素磺酸钠的共聚物(APEG-g-LA).利用红外光谱对LA与APEG-g-LA进行了结构表征,并考察了合成条件对水煤浆分散效果的影响.结果表明:接枝反应的最佳方案为温度85,℃、K2S2O8的添加量为5%,(相对于LA)、APEG的添加量为35%,(相对于LA).将该分散剂用于神华煤成浆试验,在优化条件下制备的接枝共聚物可使水煤浆的黏度明显降低,而且水煤浆的稳定性也有明显改善.     

MA/AA水相聚合及性能评价

合成了马来酸一丙烯酸共聚物阻垢剂,对引发剂用量、溶剂水量、催化剂用量以及反应温度等影响反应结果的主要因素,通过实验进行优选。结果表明:在马来酸酐50份、丙烯酸11份固定的条件下。采用引发剂25份、溶剂水15份、催化剂0.03份、反应温度100℃、反应时间4h,合成的共聚物阻垢效果最佳。静态阻垢性能测试结果(按照Q/SYDQ0833-2002标准进行评价),阻垢率达82.5%。其效果优于马来酸单聚物,且成本低于1:1摩尔比的马丙共聚物。     

马来酸酐-丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺共聚物的合成及阻垢性能的研究

以马来酸酐、丙烯酸和丙烯酰胺为原料在水相中合成了三元共聚物阻垢剂,研究了单体配比、引发剂用量等条件对共聚物阻垢性能的影响,探讨了阻垢率与共聚物用量、 Ｃａ２＋ 质量浓度、温度的关系。     

聚丙烯酸钠/壳聚糖/淀粉智能凝胶材料合成研究

采用溶液聚合的方法,将淀粉和壳聚糖与丙烯酸接枝制备了高溶胀性接枝共聚物.研究了淀粉和壳聚糖配比、引发剂用量、交联剂用量、丙烯酸中和度、反应温度及反应时间等因素对接枝产物溶胀度的影响规律.结果表明,当淀粉和壳聚糖配比为8:1,引发剂用量为0.5%、交联剂用量为0.02%、丙烯酸中和度为80%、反应温度为50℃、反应时间为2 h时,该凝胶材料在蒸馏水中溶胀度接近800.     

引发剂用量对ABS树脂冲击强度的影响

采用种子乳液聚合技术，以K2S2O8为引发剂合成了一系列PB－g－SAN接枝共聚物。并与SAN树脂进行共混，制得了ABS树脂。考察了引发剂K2S2O8用量对PB－g－SAN接枝共聚物的接枝率及制得的ABS树脂的冲击 强度的影响。研究了PB－g－SAN接枝共聚物的接枝率与ABS树脂的冲击强度间的关系。讨论了乳液聚合过程中K2S2O8的引发、扩散机理。     

改性木素的阻垢性能研究

采用自由基反应 ,对木素进行枝改性 ,合成羧酸型木素 (LA)阻垢剂。利用静态阻垢法测定和比较LA与一些常用阻垢剂的阻垢率。结果表明 ,LA阻垢性能良好 ,当LA用量为10mg/L ,阻垢率达 85 2 %。根据三因子二次回归正交设计实验 ,定量研究了阻垢率与溶液中阻垢剂LA用量、Ca2 含量和 pH值之间的关系 ,得到的回归方程能较好拟合实验测定结果 ,可用于合成产物LA阻垢性能和确定其适用条件的研究。     

硫酸钡阻垢剂的制备及性能评价

以丙烯酸(AA)、衣康酸(IA)、丙烯酸甲酯(MAC)及2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)为单体,过硫酸铵为引发剂,采用水溶液自由基聚合法制备了IA/AA/MAC/AMPS新型四元聚合物阻垢剂。在单因素实验条件下分析单体配比、引发剂用量、聚合温度及反应时间对阻垢性能的影响,并运用正交实验研究合成新型阻垢剂的最佳反应条件组合。确定最佳合成条件为:IA/AA/MAC/AMPS 4种单体质量配比为2∶1∶1∶0. 75,引发剂质量为4种单体总质量的8%,聚合温度为80℃,反应时间为3. 5 h。利用静态阻垢法对所研制的阻垢剂进行阻垢效果评价,研究了阻垢剂质量浓度、温度、pH值对阻垢效果的影响。实验结果表明,阻垢剂质量浓度为80 mg/L时,阻垢率为80. 46%,对硫酸钡的阻垢效果最好;在温度为85℃时,阻垢率可达82. 87%;随着pH值的增加,阻垢率变化趋势较明显,在pH值呈中性的溶液中阻垢效果最好。利用红外光谱对共聚物的结构进行了表征,并确定该共聚物分子链中含有所引入的官能团。     

水溶性固体阻垢剂的合成及阻垢性能研究

研究了丙烯酸—烯丙基磺酸钠(AA—SAS)二元共聚水溶性固体阻垢剂的合成工艺及对碳酸钙的阻垢效果。探讨了单体配比、引发剂用量与共聚物阻垢性能的关系,测定了共聚物在不同水质中的阻垢性能。结果表明,AA—SAS水溶性共聚物对CaCO3垢具有很好的防止效果。     

Na2S2O8-Na2S2O3引发淀粉接枝丙烯腈的研究

采用Na2S2O8-Na2S2O3,氧化还原体系,将淀粉与丙烯腈进行接技聚合,制备了淀粉／AN接技共聚物,研究了引发剂用量、反应温度、单体浓度对接枝共聚的影响。     

淀粉-丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺三元接枝共聚物的合成及吸水性能研究

以淀粉为主要原料,丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸为接枝单体,采用反相乳液聚合方法合成了改性淀粉三元接枝共聚物;考察了交联剂、引发剂浓度、单体配比、中和度、反应温度等因素对淀粉-丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺三元接枝共聚物吸水性能的影响.实验结果显示,采用反相乳液聚合方法能得到具有高吸水率的淀粉接枝共聚物;且反应温度、引发剂浓度、交联剂浓度和单体配比、中和度等因素对淀粉三元接枝产物吸水性能有显著的影响,其最佳反应条件为:交联剂浓度1.2×10-3kg.L-1;引发剂浓度6×10-3kg.L-1;丙烯酰胺/丙烯酸=0.11;中和度75%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the