老年性黄斑变性的眼底荧光血管造影分析

目的：观察和评价老年性黄斑变性（AMD）眼底荧光血管造影（FFA）图像特征及临床应用价值。方法：对78例（112眼）AMD的患者行FFA检查,并对检查结果进行分析。结果：该病发病年龄为（62.0±8.4）岁;FFA图像显示112眼中,萎缩型85眼,占75.89%;造影早期玻璃膜疣呈透见荧光,晚期背景荧光减退;渗出型27眼,占24.11%,渗出型中有典型黄斑脉络膜新生血管（CNV）10眼,隐匿型CNV3眼,瘢痕期4眼。结论：对AMD患者早期应用FFA检查有助于发现CNV,并显示其范围和部位,为治疗提供依据。     

用于湿性AMD辅助诊断的双模态深度学习模型

为解决眼科医生阅片工作量过大的问题,将深度学习技术应用于湿性年龄相关性黄斑变性(AMD)辅助诊断领域.针对只考虑单一模态的医学影像且未将湿性AMD进行更细化的分类,构建了适用于深度学习的双模态湿性AMD数据集,并提出一种双模态湿性AMD辅助诊断模型Wet-AMD-Net.针对不同的特征提取模型与不同的特征融合策略进行实...     

RNA toxicity is a component of ataxin-3 degeneration in Drosophila

Polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases are a class of dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disorders caused by the expansion of a CAG repeat encoding glutamine within the coding region of the respective genes. The molecular and cellular pathways underlying polyQ-induced neurodegeneration are the focus of much research, and it is widely considered that toxic activities of the protein, resulting from the abnormally long polyQ tract, cause pathogenesis. Here we provide evidence for a pathogenic role of the CAG repeat RNA in polyQ toxicity using Drosophila. In a Drosophila screen for modifiers of polyQ degeneration induced by the spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) protein ataxin-3, we isolated an upregulation allele of muscleblind (mbl), a gene implicated in the RNA toxicity of CUG expansion diseases. Further analysis indicated that there may be a toxic role of the RNA in polyQ-induced degeneration. We tested the role of the RNA by altering the CAG repeat sequence to an interrupted CAACAG repeat within the polyQ-encoding region; this dramatically mitigated toxicity. In addition, expression of an untranslated CAG repeat of pathogenic length conferred neuronal degeneration. These studies reveal a role for the RNA in polyQ toxicity, highlighting common components in RNA-based and polyQ-protein-based trinucleotide repeat expansion diseases.     

Messenger RNA from human brain induces drug- and voltage-operated channels in Xenopus oocytes

Sodium channels and receptors to serotonin and kainate were 'transplanted' from human brain into frog oocytes, by isolating messenger RNA from a fetal brain, and injecting it into Xenopus laevis oocytes. The mRNA was translated by the oocyte and induced the appearance of functional receptors and channels in its membrane. This approach renders drug- and voltage-operated channels of the human brain more amenable to detailed study.     

The v-fms oncogene induces factor independence and tumorigenicity in CSF-1 dependent macrophage cell line

The McDonough strain of feline sarcoma virus (SM-FeSV) transforms fibroblast cell lines in culture and produces fibrosarcomas in domestic cats. SM-FeSV does not induce haematopoietic malignancies in spite of the fact that its viral oncogene, v-fms, codes for a glycoprotein related to the receptor for the mononuclear phagocyte colony stimulating factor, CSF-1. The v-fms-coded polypeptide includes the complete extracellular domain of the c-fms proto-oncogene product and retains the ability to bind CSF-1 specifically. The two molecules have very similar sequences except at their extreme carboxyl terminal ends where 40 amino acids of the c-fms-coded glycoprotein are replaced by 11 unrelated residues in the v-fms product. Autophosphorylation of the c-fms gene product on tyrosine is enhanced by CSF-1 addition, whereas phosphorylation of the v-fms-coded glycoprotein appears to be constitutive. We now show that introduction of the v-fms gene into simian virus-40 (SV40)-immortalized, CSF-1 dependent macrophages renders them independent of CSF-1 for growth and tumourigenic in nude mice. These factor-independent cell lines express unaltered levels of the c-fms product which is down-modulated in response to either CSF-1 or the tumour promoter 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA). The induction of factor independence by a non-autocrine mechanism suggests that the v-fms product is an unregulated kinase that provides growth stimulatory signals in the absence of ligand.     

Arrangement of RNA and proteins in the spliceosomal U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle

In eukaryotic cells, freshly synthesized messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) contains stretches of non-coding RNA that must be excised before the RNA can be translated into protein. Their removal is catalysed by the spliceosome, a large complex formed when a number of small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (snRNPs) bind sequentially to the pre-mRNA. The first snRNP to bind is called U1; other snRNPs (U2, U4/U6 and U5) follow. Here we describe the three-dimensional structure of human U1 snRNP, determined by single-particle electron cryomicroscopy at 10 A resolution. The reconstruction reveals a doughnut-shaped central element that accommodates the seven Sm proteins common to all snRNPs, supporting a proposed model of circular Sm protein arrangement. By taking earlier biochemical results into account, we were able to assign the remaining density of the map to the other known components of U1 snRNP, deriving a structural model that describes the three-dimensional arrangement of proteins and RNA in U1 snRNP.     

长非编码RNA与SAFB1相互作用中RNA二级结构的作用

为探究RNA与SAFB1蛋白相互作用过程中RNA二级结构的作用.采用足迹法确定SAFB1与LINC-PINT-1特定的结合区域,在此基础上根据RNA结构分析研究SAFB1结合区域所具有特定的二级结构.最后通过凝胶迁移率实验论证该二级结构在RNA与SAFB1蛋白结合中的作用.结果显示:在针对LINC-PINT-1的亚克隆发现只有包含30～55 nt区域的亚克隆才能维持RNA结合区域的二级结构,并且证实了LINC-PINT-1与SAFB1蛋白相互作用依赖于特定的RNA二级结构.结果表明:长非编码RNA与SAFB1蛋白相互作用或依赖于特定的RNA二级结构,本研究为RNA与蛋白质相互作用的分子机制研究提供了有力的理论实验支撑.     

Regulation of T-cell receptor gamma-chain RNA expression in murine Thy-1+ dendritic epidermal cells

The epidermis of normal mice contains two distinct populations of dendritic cells derived from the bone marrow, Ia+ Langerhans cells and Ia- cells that express the Thy-1 alloantigen. The Thy-1-bearing dendritic epidermal cells (Thy-1+ dEC) have a surface phenotype similar to that of very early T-lineage cells, produce IL-2-like growth factors and exhibit cytotoxicity which is not restricted by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). The relationship of Thy-1+ dEC to the T-cell lineage is unclear. Most T lymphocytes bear a receptor for antigen composed of an alpha chain and a beta chain associated with a nonpolymorphic complex termed CD3 (T3). A minor population carries a receptor in which CD3 is associated with a gamma/delta complex. We have analysed clones of Thy-1+ dEC for rearrangement and expression of the genes for the alpha-, beta- and gamma-chains of the T-cell receptor (TCR). They do not express alpha or beta but do carry a gamma/delta complex. Activation of the cells with Con A is associated with a rapid decrease in the steady-state level of gamma-chain RNA. Because Thy-1+ dEC resemble early stage T lymphocytes, down-regulation of TCR expression may reflect a necessary event during T cell differentiation.     

拟松材线虫组织蛋白酶基因的RNA干扰及功能研究

【目的】揭示拟松材线虫组织蛋白酶基因bmcath1生物学功能。 【方法】采用dsRNA浸泡法对靶标基因进行基因干扰,观察拟松材线虫在活体和离体情况下的繁殖力、取食速率、性别比例、体积及致病力的变化情况。【结果】组织蛋白酶基因bmcath1被干扰后,拟松材线虫繁殖力增强约75%,取食速率变快,致病力变强,并且拟松材线虫群体的雄、雌成虫比由3:5变为6:13,成虫所占的比例由8%提高至19%。【结论】组织蛋白酶基因bmcath1对拟松材线虫的繁殖力和致病力具有显著调节作用。     

RNA干扰沉默PID1基因在C2C12细胞中表达的研究

 构建和筛选对PID1（phosphotyrosine interaction domain containing 1, PID1）基因有RNA干扰作用的PID1-shRNA表达载体。据小鼠PID1 cDNA序列,优化设计了4条shRNA及1条阴性干扰序列,插入pGPU6/GFP/Neo载体中,得到pGPU6/GFP/Neo-PID1-1、pGPU6/GFP/Neo-PID1-2、pGPU6/GFP/Neo-PID1-3、pGPU6/GFP/Neo PID1 4和pGPU6/GFP/Neo-PID1-NC。干扰载体转染C2C12细胞,以RT-PCR和Western blot技术检测shRNA对C2C12细胞中PID1 mRNA和蛋白表达的下调作用。结果表明：靶向PID1基因的4个shRNA重组质粒载体经测序分析,其shRNA编码序列与预期设计的完全一致,经酶切鉴定和测序分析证实,靶向PID1基因的shRNA重组质粒载体构建成功。进一步将构建的4个表达载体分别转染C2C12细胞,24h后细胞中PID1基因mRNA表达水平依次下调 (23.58±1.87)%、(75.44±0.77)%、(70.52±0.41)% 和 (56.60±3.13)%。48 h后细胞中PID1蛋白表达水平依次降低 (30.15±5.05)%、(71.86±4.85)%、(67.93±2.28)% 和 (56.81±2.01)%。所筛选出的pGPU6/GFP/Neo-PID1-2、pGPU6/GFP/Neo-PID1-3和pGPU6/GFP/Neo-PID1-4三个表达载体均能高效地抑制转染细胞PID1 mRNA和蛋白的表达,为进一步研究PID1基因的功能奠定了基础。