基于NSCT与形状特征的遥感影像道路提取

提出一种基于非抽样Contourlet变换（NSCT）与形状特征的遥感影像道路提取算法.首先对图像进行非抽样Contourlet变换,得到不同尺度、不同方向上的变换系数,对变换系数进行增强处理并通过反变换得到增强图像;然后对增强图像进行分割处理,利用道路形状特征对分割结果进行道路提取;最后利用光谱特征对提取的道路进行判断,并利用形态学方法对道路网进行规整.对比实验结果表明：该算法取得了较好的高分辨率遥感影像道路提取效果.     

利用最小二乘匹配算法提取影像道路网

针对遥感影像道路网提取问题,提出了利用最小二乘匹配算法进行道路网智能化提取的思想,通过对影像进行预处理、种子点选取、最小二乘匹配、道路段筛选和连接来实现道路网的提取.利用多组影像进行验证的实验结果显示:该方法能够较好地对道路网进行识别,且具有较好的鲁棒性.     

TM遥感图像中居民点的自动提取

介绍了一种TM遥感图像中居民点目标自动提取的方法.针对TM遥感图像的光谱特征,提出一种基于多波段信息的图像分割模型,提取出居民点、道路及河滩地等光谱相近的地物.然后依据居民点的形态特征分离道路,并利用空间关系知识分离出河滩地.试验结果表明该方法能快速准确地识别提取TM遥感图像中的大部分居民点.     

一种基于Snake模型的遥感影像道路网半自动提取方法

在遥感影像中,道路不仅是一种重要的基础地理信息,而且还是提取其它地物目标的线索和参考,道路的正确提取对遥感影像的深入应用具有重要意义.然而,到目前为止,遥感影像道路网的全自动化提取仍处于探索阶段,现有研究仍多侧重于道路的半自动提取方法.本研究在归纳和总结现有典型的几种道路半自动提取方法基础上,提出了一种基于Snake模型的遥感影像道路网半自动提取方法,针对该方法中能量函数的构造、收敛迭代条件的设置、道路中角点的判断、角点及道路网中交点的提取等问题进行了讨论.最后对所提出的方法进行了实验验证,结果表明:基于Snake模型的遥感影像道路网半自动提取方法能够从覆盖范围大、场景复杂、噪声较多的遥感影像中实现道路网的提取且只需少量的人机交互,从而极大地提高了道路提取的效率.     

遥感影像提取改扩建道路的DLG辅助算法

随着城市化进程的加快,作为城市脉络的道路网的更新要求越来越高。基于人工测图的传统更新方式速度慢、效率低,难以满足数据更新的需求。利用数字线划地图(Digital Line Graphic,DLG)数据作为先验信息,采用基于特征的方法,从高分辨率遥感影像中提取道路,实现道路的自动更新。算法适用于DLG中以双边缘平行线对表示的城市主要道路。实验结果表明,该方法在道路拓宽、延伸等情况均有良好的效果。     

雷达近场成像中SVM的目标识别方法

雷达近场成像中,在精确定位的基础上,为解决目标形状识别问题,提出了利用支持向量机（SVM）预测目标信息的方法.根据时域算法——后向投影（BP）算法和频域算法——频率波数域（F-K）偏移算法得到的场强值作为SVM的特征数据,并利用时域有限差分法（FDTD）进行仿真.仿真结果表明,基于BP算法的SVM识别方法具有特征数据提取时间长、SVM预测时间短、多目标时目标信息全和虚警较多等特征,基于F-K算法的SVM识别方法具有特征数据提取时间非常短、SVM预测时间非常短、多目标时目标漏检的特征;两者都能较好地识别目标的形状,且前者的识别能力高于后者,而后者更适合实时成像.     

一种高分辨率遥感影像道路提取方法

文章采用了基于核的Fisher线性判别特征分类和形状特征相结合的方法进行道路提取.首先,对标记的样本进行色彩信息的抽取;其次,利用基于核的FLD根据抽取的信息对遥感影像进行特征训练分类,将影像分为道路和非道路两类;接着利用道路的形状特征去除误提的信息;最后利用形态学对道路网进行优化处理.实验证明,本方法可以实现具有颜色信息的遥感影像道路的提取.     

基于阈值分割与数学形态学的高分辨率遥感影像道路信息提取

从高分辨率遥感影像中快速,有效的提取道路信息,一直是遥感学界研究的热点和难点问题。本文研究了一种基于阈值分割与数学形态学的高分辨率遥感影像道路提取算法,该算法不需人工给出道路种子点,方向等信息,在某种意义上提高了道路提取的自动化程度。提取过程是:首先利用阈值分割将遥感影像分割成包含道路信息的二值图像,然后利用数学形态学运算对二值图像进行处理,根据道路形态特征提取出道路区域。     

基于单时相Landsat8_OLI影像的棉花提取技术研究

针对利用单时相遥感影像快速、高精度地提取棉花信息研究较少的现状,根据作物的物候历,选取棉花生育期的单时相Landsat8_OLI影像。通过对棉花和其他地物的光谱特征与植被指数的差异性分析表明:近红外波段(NIR)和差值植被指数(DVI)是棉花识别的特征指数;并由此构建了OLI数据的棉花信息提取的特征指数模型。经实地验证,运用此模型提取的库尔勒市棉花信息的生产精度为97.96%,用户精度为98.63%。基于单时相遥感影像的棉花提取思路可以为我国主要棉产区的棉花信息遥感提取、长势监测和产量估测提供新思路和技术参考。     

高光谱影像端元数目估计的HAHT模型

端元提取是高光谱遥感研究的重点内容之一,在高光谱影像信息识别、环境监测、资源探测和丰度反演等领域有着重要运用。为了实现有效的端元提取,如何准确估计（尤其是未知区域）高光谱影像中端元数目就显得更为关键,特别是在无人或境外地区的遥感探测方面极有实际价值。端元数目估计过多或者过少都会影响端元提取和混合像元分解的精度。本文基于谐波分析（Harmonic Analysis,HA）理论实现了高光谱影像有效去噪,并结合二元假设检验方法构建了一种高光谱影像端元数目估计的谐波分析假设检验（HA-Hypothesis Testing,HAHT）模型。通过AVIRIS和Hyperion高光谱影像的可行性分析与普适性验证,并与HFC（Harsanyi Farrand Chang）、特征值极大似然函数（Eigenvalue Likelihood Maximization, ELM）和最小误差高光谱信号辨识法（Hyperspectral Signal Identification by Minimum Error, Hysime）等常规的端元数估计算法应用成果相对比,表明HAHT模型所估计的端元数目与实际地物数具有更高的吻合度。同时,采用较成熟的连续最大角凸锥（Sequential Maximum Angle Convex Cone,SMACC）方法提取了端元波谱曲线,通过比较设置2（HFC估计数）、8（HAHT估计数）和14（Hysime估计数）不同端元数的提取结果,也证明HAHT模型在估计端元数目时具有较高准确性,以及较好的适用性和应用前景。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with