痰热清注射液对流感病毒感染小鼠免疫功能的影响

观察痰热清注射液对流感病毒FM1感染小鼠免疫功能的影响,并探讨其作用机制.采用流感病毒FM1感染小鼠模型,设正常对照组、模型组、利巴韦林阳性药物组、痰热清注射液大、中、小剂量组.分别用MTT法、淋巴母细胞法、巨噬细胞NO2-释放法、ELISA法测定T及B淋巴细胞的增殖功能I、L-2及IFN-γ的活性I、L-4及TNF-α浓度.痰热清注射液大、中、小剂量组明显增强流感病毒FM1感染小鼠的T,B淋巴细胞的增殖能力,并明显提高模型组T细胞培养上清中IL-2含量;痰热清注射液明显提高模型组肺匀浆中IFN-γ及IL-4含量,降低肺匀浆中TNF-α含量.痰热清注射液直接刺激T,B淋巴细胞的增殖,并通过细胞因子IL-2,IFN-γ,TNF-α等作用调控Th1与Th2细胞的平衡,增强机体的抗病毒免疫功能.     

Rock抑制剂-Fasudil对EAE外周免疫的调节作用

目的探讨Rock抑制剂Fasudil对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)发病起始环节的外周免疫调节机制。方法将雌性C57BL/6小鼠分为CFA组、EAE组和Fasudil组。Fasudil组动物免疫后第7 d腹腔给予Fasudi(l50mg/kg.d),连续给药14 d。免疫后隔天观察各组小鼠临床评分和体质量变化。在免疫后28 d处死动物,取脊髓进行HE染色和髓鞘染色,制备脾脏单个核淋巴细胞(MNC),测定细胞增殖和细胞因子IL-4,IL-10,IL-1β,IFN-γ的含量,流式细胞术观察CD4,CD25调节性T细胞的比例,部分脾脏组织和MNC涂片行免疫组化荧光染色观察Rock的表达。结果Fasudil在EAE外周免疫组织和细胞通过下调Rock的表达,抑制Rock的激活,明显改善EAE的临床症状评分(P<0.05);减轻EAE外周炎性细胞向中枢的浸润,缓解神经髓鞘的脱失;经Fasudil干预可以下调EAE外周特异性MOG35-55反应性T淋巴细胞增殖能力,下调炎性细胞因子IFN-γ和IL-1β水平,升高保护性细胞因子IL-10水平,促进CD4,CD25调节性T细胞比例增加。结论 Rho/Rock信号通路的激活在EAE的发病中起着重要作用,应用Rock抑制剂--Fasudil抑制EAE免疫病理过程中外周免疫细胞激活这一起始重要环节,减少炎性细胞的中枢浸润,缓解EAE的临床症状。     

大承气汤对支气管哮喘及肺肠合病Treg/TH17免疫机制的作用

目的 从“肺与大肠相表里”理论出发，以大承气汤通肠利肺作用为切入点，观察支气管哮喘（简称哮喘）及肺肠合病大鼠动物模型及在大承气汤方药干预下，肺与大肠之间共同免疫物质TH17/Treg的变化，探讨“肺与大肠相表里”的免疫机制.方法 建立哮喘组、肺肠合病组、大承气汤组哮喘干预组与肺肠合病干预组动物模型，检测各组大鼠外周血淋巴细胞中Th17/Treg亚群分布表达,及血清中 IL-17，IL-6，IL-2的水平.结果 与正常对照组比较，哮喘组及肺肠合病组大鼠外周血中Th17细胞比例升高，Treg细胞比例降低，血清中IL-6，IL-17水平升高，IL-2水平降低，有差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.005）；肺肠合病组大鼠组更明显（P＜0.005）.在大承气汤干预下，与哮喘组比较，哮喘干预组与肺肠合病干预组Th17细胞比例降低，Treg细胞比例升高，血清IL-6，IL-17水平下降，IL-2水平升高，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.005）.结论 哮喘发病时肠道功能的变化可能导致肺、肠TH17/Treg的免疫失衡，免疫反应向呼吸道粘膜等部位迁移，加重哮喘的发病.大承气汤是可以通过调节肠道TH17/Treg免疫，提高黏膜屏障功能，降低淋巴细胞的“归巢”作用，减轻哮喘发病.     

亮菌多糖对S180荷瘤小鼠免疫功能的研究

通过对荷瘤小鼠腹腔注射亮菌多糖后，观察其对荷瘤小鼠淋巴细胞增殖反应、NK细胞活性及对IL-1、IL-2、TNF-α、IFN-γ诱生的影响.研究结果表明：亮菌多糖能够显著提高荷瘤小鼠NK细胞杀伤活性、对ConA刺激的小鼠淋巴细胞有明显的促进作用，提高荷瘤小鼠脾细胞产生IL-2的能力；促进荷瘤小鼠机体细胞分泌TNF-α；明显提高荷瘤小鼠血清中IFN-γ的含量.提示亮菌多糖可通过调节机体免疫功能而间接起到抗肿瘤的作用.     

Th17细胞与银屑病的关系的研究进展

Th17细胞是近年来发现的一种不同于Th1、Th2细胞的CD4+效应性T细胞亚群,以分泌IL-17、IL-22等细胞因子为特点,与自身免疫疾病、肿瘤及感染性疾病的发生机制紧密相关。本文就Th17细胞及其相关细胞因子在银屑病的发病机制及治疗中起的作用作一综述,期望可以增加对银屑病发生机制的认识,并为其提供新的治疗策略。     

黄芪糖蛋白抑制小鼠EAE的作用研究

目的探讨黄糖蛋白对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis,EAE)小鼠的抑制作用和可能的机制。方法将18～23 g体质量C57BL/6雌性小鼠随机分为EAE组、黄芪糖蛋白(HuangqiGlycoprotein,HQGP)治疗组和佐剂组,EAE模型使用髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白35-55多肽(MOG35-55)对小鼠进行免疫,佐剂组用生理盐水代替。治疗组于免疫后第6 d按每天30 mg/kg腹腔注射HQGP,佐剂组和EAE组则注射等量生理盐水。观察各组发病情况,同时进行临床症状评分。在免疫后第20 d分离脾脏,用MTT法检测淋巴细胞的增殖情况,用ELISA法检测各组淋巴细胞上清液中细胞因子INF-γ、IL-1β、IL-10和IL-4的水平。结果 HQGP能够显著改善EAE的发病,减轻炎性浸润,并且可抑制MOG35-55诱导的脾淋巴细胞增殖反应(P<0.01)及INF-γ和IL-1β分泌(P<0.05),促进IL-10的分泌(P<0.05),而对IL-4的分泌没有显著性影响。结论 HQGP能显著改善EAE小鼠的症状,可能与减少炎性细胞的浸润有关。     

傣百解对模拟微重力下大鼠脾淋巴细胞功能的影响

探讨模拟航天飞行失重状态下大鼠免疫功能的变化和傣百解的免疫调节作用.将Wistar大鼠分为空白对照组、吊尾组、吊尾加傣百解低、中、高剂量组.连续吊尾21 d后比较各组大鼠脾淋巴细胞的增殖能力、免疫相关细胞因子分泌水平,以及脾淋巴细胞中NFκB和IκBα蛋白表达水平.结果显示与正常组比较,吊尾组大鼠脾淋巴细胞刀豆蛋白刺激后的增殖能力减弱,细胞因子IL-2、IL-6、IFN-γ释放减少,而且NFκB信号通路激活水平低于正常组.傣百解能够提高失重大鼠脾淋巴细胞的NFκB信号通路激活水平,诱导淋巴细胞增殖和释放细胞因子,具有改善免疫功能的作用.     

系统性红斑狼疮TH2型细胞因子受体基因的表达

目的 分析SLE患者外周血单一核细胞TH2型细胞因子mRNA的表达状况.方法 分离SLE外周血单一核细胞1×107/mL的浓度,进行总RNA提取,然后用1.5%的琼脂糖电泳,应用凝胶成像系统对电泳条带进行扫描.结果 SLE患者IL-4mRNA,IL-6mRNA和IL-10mRNA水平相比对照组显著升高.结论 TH2型细胞因子受体基因的表达在SLE发病机制中有明显的异常,其与相应蛋白表达的关系还有待进一步探讨.     

亮菌粗多糖对小鼠免疫功能的影响

通过对血清溶血素值、RES吞噬功能、IL-2的检测、NK细胞活性检测，研究亮菌多糖对小鼠免疫功能的影响．结果表明：亮菌多糖体内给药能激活小鼠网状内皮系统，增强其吞噬功能；能明显拮抗环磷酰胺所致的小鼠溶血素抗体的降低；能提高Con A诱导小鼠体内淋巴细胞产生白介素．2的能力；可以增强小鼠脾脏NK细胞的活性．说明亮菌多糖能使小鼠机体免疫力增强．     

葫芦素E对人外周血单个核细胞体外活化及细胞因子表达的影响

目的:分析葫芦素E(Cuc E)对二丁酸佛波醇酯(PDB)和离子霉素(Ion)刺激的人外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)活化及促炎因子表达的影响,探讨其潜在的抗炎效应及作用机制.方法:利用流式细胞术分析人外周血PBMC活化抗原CD69和CD25表达,用流式微球陈列检测白介素2(IL-2)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)和干扰素γ(IFN-γ)表达的变化.结果:Cuc E能明显抑制PDB和Ion刺激引起的CD3+T细胞早期活化标志分子CD69和中期活化分子CD25的表达;同时,Cuc E以剂量依赖方式抑制PDB和Ion诱导的IL-2、TNF-α和IFN-γ的表达.结论:Cuc E对人外周血CD3+T细胞的活化具有明显抑制作用,同时减少炎症相关细胞因子的表达,提示其通过对适应性免疫的调控发挥抗炎效应.     

COVID-19疫苗相关性心肌炎研究进展

新型冠状病毒感染(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19)给人类健康、社会经济发展及全球医疗和公共卫生系统带来了严重的威胁,因此研发安全有效的特异性疫苗至关重要。目前,基于腺病毒载体和mRNA等技术开发的多款疫苗已在人群中广泛接种,然而疫苗接种可能导致的不良反应不容忽视。除了在临床试验中观察到的接种后疲劳、发烧和肌痛等常见不良反应外,疫苗相关性心肌炎正逐步引起人们的关注。在全球范围内已有多例COVID-19疫苗相关性心肌炎导致死亡的病例报道,对接种人群的健康危害较大。因此,本文对COVID-19疫苗相关性心肌炎的发生概况以及其潜在的发生机制进行综述,认为COVID-19疫苗相关性心肌炎的发生与疫苗的类型、接种剂次以及接种人群特征等因素都存在一定的相关性,而且不同类型疫苗引起心肌炎的机制各不相同。未来仍需结合临床数据开展更多的基础研究,以明确疫苗相关性心肌炎发生的具体机制,从而研发更加安全有效的新型COVID-19疫苗,降低疫苗相关性心肌炎的发生率。     

Early steps of lymphocyte activation bypassed by synergy between calcium ionophores and phorbol ester

Although it has been proposed that the activation of T lymphocytes is mediated by an early rise in cytosolic calcium concentration, it has not been possible to mimic antigen- or mitogen-induced mouse lymphocyte activation by calcium ionophores that bypass receptor-mediated processes. There is now evidence from other systems that the rise in cytosolic calcium which follows receptor triggering is preceded by the breakdown of phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate into 1,2-diacylglycerol and inositol trisphosphate. The latter is known to cause release of calcium from intracellular stores. The cellular target for the former is now widely accepted to be protein kinase C. Therefore, ligand-induced cellular response follows a rise in cytosolic calcium concentration and protein kinase C activation. Here we confirm that the calcium ionophores A23187 and ionomycin do not activate mouse T lymphocytes. However, either one in combination with the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA), which is structurally related to 1,2-diacylglycerol, induces in lymphoid cell populations the expression of receptors for interleukin-2 (IL-2), the secretion of IL-2 and cell proliferation as measured by 3H-thymidine uptake. The growth-promoting effect of IL-2 on an exogenous IL-2-dependent clone could not be substituted for by ionomycin either alone or with TPA. Thus, the combination of calcium ionophores and TPA bypasses the requirement for antigen- or lectin-induced signal at the onset of lymphocyte activation.     

Interleukin-2 signals during priming are required for secondary expansion of CD8+ memory T cells

Although interleukin-2 (IL-2) was initially characterized as the primary T-cell growth factor following in vitro activation, less is known about its role in shaping T-cell responses to acute infections in vivo. The use of IL-2- or IL-2-receptor-deficient mice is problematic owing to their early development of autoimmunity, attributable to the central role of IL-2 in the generation, maintenance and function of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells. To bypass these inherent difficulties, we have studied the effect of IL-2 on T-cell responses to acute infections by adopting a mixed chimaera strategy in which T cells lacking the high-affinity IL-2 receptor could be studied in an otherwise healthy mouse containing a full complement of regulatory T cells. Here we show that although IL-2 signalling to pathogen-specific CD8+ T cells affects the number of developing effector and memory cells very little, it is required for the generation of robust secondary responses. This is not due to an altered T-cell-receptor repertoire development or selection, and does not reflect an acute requirement for IL-2 during secondary activation and expansion. Rather, we demonstrate a previously unappreciated role for IL-2 during primary infection in programming the development of CD8+ memory T cells capable of full secondary expansion. These results have important implications for the development of vaccination or immunotherapeutic strategies aimed at boosting memory T-cell function.     

哮喘小鼠骨髓DC细胞因子mRNA的分析

通过体外诱导和扩增小鼠骨髓来源的树突状细胞(DC),研究其中的细胞因子mRNA表达,探讨DC在哮喘中可能的作用机制.为此,利用rmGM-CSF和rmIL-4体外诱导骨髓细胞分化为DC,采用多探针模板的核酸酶保护分析检测骨髓来源的DC中细胞因子mRNA的转录.结果表明,在两种细胞因子的作用下,从骨髓中可以诱导出大量的DC;核酸酶保护分析显示骨髓来源的DC中有IL-13,IL-9和IL-3mRNA的转录,并且哮喘组表达IL-13mRNA和IL-9mRNA的相对水平与对照组相比有明显的差异性,P<0.05;而IL-3mRNA的表达在两组鼠中的表达水平没有差异性,P>0.05.可以认为DC在哮喘的形成和发展中起重要作用,提示了靶向于DC的治疗可能成为哮喘治疗的新目标.     

Bacterial RNA and small antiviral compounds activate caspase-1 through cryopyrin/Nalp3

Missense mutations in the CIAS1 gene cause three autoinflammatory disorders: familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome, Muckle-Wells syndrome and neonatal-onset multiple-system inflammatory disease. Cryopyrin (also called Nalp3), the product of CIAS1, is a member of the NOD-LRR protein family that has been linked to the activation of intracellular host defence signalling pathways. Cryopyrin forms a multi-protein complex termed 'the inflammasome', which contains the apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC) and caspase-1, and promotes caspase-1 activation and processing of pro-interleukin (IL)-1beta (ref. 4). Here we show the effect of cryopyrin deficiency on inflammasome function and immune responses. Cryopyrin and ASC are essential for caspase-1 activation and IL-1beta and IL-18 production in response to bacterial RNA and the imidazoquinoline compounds R837 and R848. In contrast, secretion of tumour-necrosis factor-alpha and IL-6, as well as activation of NF-kappaB and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) were unaffected by cryopyrin deficiency. Furthermore, we show that Toll-like receptors and cryopyrin control the secretion of IL-1beta and IL-18 through different intracellular pathways. These results reveal a critical role for cryopyrin in host defence through bacterial RNA-mediated activation of caspase-1, and provide insights regarding the pathogenesis of autoinflammatory syndromes.