Die Wirkung von Spirolactonen und von Herzglykosiden auf den Natrium- und Kaliumtransport an Erythrocyten

Summary Experiments made on human red cells showed that spirolactones (SC 5233 and SC 9420) added to the sample as dry powder (10^–3 g/ml) exert an inhibitory action on the active transport of sodium and potassium across the cell membrane. Spirolactone at its saturation concentration in serum (1.5×10^–5 g/ml), however, was ineffective.The inhibitory action was not affected by aldosterone or hydrocortisone.Experiments involving exposure of red cells to spirolactone and a cardiac glycoside simultaneously led to the conclusion that these substances do not have the same mechanism of action. The inhibition caused by spirolactone added to the inhibition due to a supramaximal concentration of ouabain (5 × 10^–4).

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Diese Arbeit wurde unterstützt durch ein Stipendium der CIBA für naturwissenschaftliche, medizinische und technische Forschung.     

Die Wirkung von Herzglykosiden und Kalzium auf den Kaliumtransport im Herzmuskel

Summary In isolated perfused guinea pig hearts, both strophanthin and calcium produced positive inotropic effects and contracture increasing with the concentration of the drugs. Strophanthin caused a net loss of potassium from the heart to the perfusing fluid whereas calcium did not interfer in the same way with potassium exchange. The data are consistent with the view that the positive inotropic effect of cardiac glycosides depends mainly on the increased intracellular calcium concentration, perhaps due to inhibition of the active potassium and sodium transport.     

Die Wirkung von Adrenalin auf den ermüdeten Soleus der Katze

Summary Adrenaline increases the isometric tension of the soleus muscle of the cat when the muscle is brought to fatigue by continuous stimulation at high frequencies. This is in contrast to the effect of the amine upon the nonfatigued soleus muscle.     

Die Wirkung von Persantin auf Herzmuskel-Sarkosomen

Summary Addition of Persantin to respiring beef heart mitochondria leads to a considerable increase of the P/O-ratios in the presence of various substrates. Apparently Persantin is capable of bringing about a tighter coupling of oxidation and phosphorylation.     

Die Wirkung von Chinonen auf das Hefewachstum

Summary Certain derivatives ofp-benzoquinone and the naphthoquinones cause a strong inhibition of the growth of yeast. The strongest concentrations of some of these compounds even show a fungicidal potency. The authors discuss the possible mode of action of this inhibition.     

Die Wirkung von Hybridenwein auf die Leber

Summary Experiments on rats revealed that liver damage caused by allyl alcohol (measured by the rate of necrosis) is enhanced by alcoholic beverages such as ethanol and European or hybride wine. In this respect, wine seems to cause more damage than mere alcohol.     

Die Wirkung von Theophyllin auf den cellulären Ca-Stoffwechsel des Warmblüterherzens

Summary In isolated, electrically driven, left guineapig atria, theophylline (5×10^–4 g/ml) increased the rate of⁴⁵Ca uptake and release without affecting the total myocardial Ca content and the amount of exchangeable cellular Ca. In sheep and calf heart preparations, theophylline (10^–4–10^–3 g/ml) increased Ca inward current during excitation (as examined indirectly by Ca dependent changes of membrane potential in TTX-containing solutions) as well as tension development. It is concluded that the positive inotropic effect of theophylline in mammalian hearts is due to an increase in Ca influx during the excitation process.

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Mit Unterstützung der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft.     

Zur Wirkung von Narkotin auf den Hustenreflex und auf die Bronchialmuskulatur

Summary In experiments on cats cough reflexes were elicited by mechanical stimuli applied to the mucosa of the tracheobronchial tree. Narcotine was found to diminish or to depress the cough reflex in doses of 0.1–1.0 mg/kg and was thus about as effective as codeine. On the bronchial muscles narcotine produced no effect or a bronchodilatation whereas codeine produced a bronchoconstrictor effect. As an isochinoline derivative narcotine should not be liable to cause addiction.     

Die Wirkung von Na3[Ca-DTPA] auf den Glykogengehalt von Niere und Leber der Ratte

Summary DTPA, a derivative of EDTA, in doses of 1, 2, 4, and 8 mmoles kg^–1/d ^–1 causes a histochemically detectable increase of glycogen in the kidneys and a decrease of glycogen in the liver of rats. Furthermore, a severe damage of the intestinal mucosa has been demonstrated; its possible relevance for the pathogenesis of the other findings is discussed.     

Die Wirkung von Silymarin-N-methylglucamin-Salz auf den mikrosomalen Gehalt von Cytochrom P450 der Rattenleber bei akuter Thioacetamidintoxikation

Summary 24 h after Thioacetamide application (300 mg/kg body weight) on rats, microsomale Cytochrome P450 content is diminished about 40%. Prophylactic i.p. application of 400 mg Silymarine-N-methylglucamine salt, dissolved in 4% Polyvinylpyrrolidone solution, given 1 h before application of Thioacetamide. counteracts this diminution.     

Die Wirkung von Makrotetralidantibiotika auf photosynthetische Reaktionen in Spinatchloroplasten

Summary The macrotetralid antibiotic Dinactin uncouples phosphorylation from electron transport in illuminated chloroplasts in the presence of Na⁺ at lower concentrations than in K⁺, while the light-induced proton uptake is more inhibited in a medium with K⁺ than with Na⁺. The large volume changes of whole chloroplasts in the light and after addition of Dinactin are parallel to the amount of K⁺ in the chloroplasts.

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Die Resultate der vorliegenden Arbeit entstanden zusammen mitElisabeth Bosshard-Heer, H. R. Hohl, Ch. Pflugshaupt undIngrid Specht-Jürgensen. Wir danken dem Schweizerischen Nationalfonds für die grosszügige Unterstützung.     

Die Wirkung von Vasopressin und Oxytocin auf das Nervensystem von Insekten

Summary Vasopressin and oxytocin are antagonistically effective substances with inverse dependence on concentration in the nervous system of insects. These results emphasize the central importance of neurohormonal control of general response in the nervous system.     

Die Wirkung von Adrenalin auf das Ruhepotential von Myokardfasern des Vorhofs

Summary Dog auricle fibres were impaled by 2 intracellular electrodes. The first electrode measured the effect of adrenaline on the resting potential, and through the second one electrotonic impulses were applied.Adrenaline increases the resting potential by 1–35 mV. The polarisation is higher at a low resting potential and increases with the dose.Small polarisations were not accompanied by a detectable change of the membrane resistance. During higher polarisations, the membrane resistance was reduced to 50%.

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Ausgeführt mit Unterstützung der deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft.     

Die Wirkung des Toluidinblaus und der Thrombokinase auf den Vorgang der Thrombininaktivierung

Summary The disappearance of thrombin—formed in the blood, or added to serum-follows a manomolecular reaction-type. Heparin increases the reaction-velocity of this thrombin-inactivating process.Our investigation established that toluidine blue or kinase, which, according to the literature, bind heparin, strongly reduce the speed of thrombin-inactivation too. Therefore the heparin-binding capacity of these substances is also manifested in the decrease of thrombin-inactivation.     

Die Wirkung von Demecolceinamiden an Zellenin vitro

Summary A series of demecolceinamids was examinedin vitro on chicken fibroblasts, leucocytes, and different bacteria. It was found that with increasing length of the side chain on ring C the antimitotic activity is decreasing while the antibacterial effect is increasing.     

Die Wirkung von Harmalin auf die Konzentration von Noradrenalin und Adrenalin im Herzen

Summary A single injection of harmaline increases the noradrenaline and adrenaline concentration in the rat heart. The maximum effect is obtained after about 40 min.     

Die Wirkung von Progesteron und Progesteronmetaboliten auf das Wachstum von embryonalem Knorpel in vitro

Summary Embryonic chick bones were cultured in vitro in the presence of progesterone and of a series of progesterone metabolites. It was found that only 5-pregnane-3,20-dione, 3-hydroxy-5-pregnane-20-one, and ⁴-pregnene-20-ol-3-one influence the growth of bones in vitro in a manner similar to progesterone. All other investigated progesterone metabolites exert either a different or no demonstrable action on bone growth.     

Über die Wirkung von Prostaglandin E1 auf den Ca-Haushalt isolierter Meerschweinchenherzen

Summary The stimulatory effect of PGE₁ on different functions of isolated guinea-pig hearts (Langendorff method, Tyrode solution) was coupled with an increase in the rate of⁴⁵Ca uptake from the perfusion medium. The total myocardial Ca content and the amount of exchangeable cellular Ca were not affected. This action of PGE₁ on the myocardial Ca metabolism seems to be related to the positive inotropic action of PGE₁ and can most probably be explained by an increase in the membrane permeability to Ca ions (similar to the action of epinephrine).     

Die Wirkung von Eiweissfraktionen normaler menschlicher Sera auf die Thrombocytenzahl der Maus

Summary We investigated the thrombocytosis-producing activity of different protein-fractions of human sera in mice. The whole sera, the albumin,- and-globulins were ineffective, whereas the-globulins caused a more or less exact thrombocytosis in mice. The effectiveness of the thrombopoetic activity present in normal human sera is probably inhibited by a factor connected with another protein-fraction.     

Über die Wirkung von Sr-Ionen auf den Ca2+-Austausch am Meerschweinchenvorhof

Summary When CaCl₂ in Tyrode solution was replaced by SrCl₂,⁴⁵Ca efflux from guinea-pig auricles did not change significantly. In Na-free solution, however,⁴⁵Ca influx was reduced when, in addition to CaCl₂, SrCl₂ was present in the solution, suggesting an equivalent replacement of Ca by Sr at membrane sites.