RNA干涉及其在肿瘤研究中的应用

RNAi是双链RNA介导的转录后基因沉默的过程，是一种高效的高特异性抑制基因表达的新途径。通过双链小干涉RNA(siRNA)与一系列蛋白质结合形成siRNA诱导的沉默复合体(RISC)并活化，然后，RISC对靶基因进行识别、降解。与反义方法相比，siRNA具有更好的抑制效果。RNAi的应用将为癌症的基因治疗提供新的方法。     

RNA干涉

RNA干涉是指双链RNA引发的同源mRNA的降解过程,由于其多发生于转录水平,因此又称为转录后基因沉默。RNA干涉现象是在线虫中首次发现的,通过几年的研究发现它广泛存在于生物体中(包括单细胞生物、后生动物和哺乳动物)。本文对RNA干涉现象的发现、作用机制、相关基因等作了简单的论述。     

RNAi技术研究进展

RNAi是由双链RNA引起的基因沉默现象，它通过降解具有同源序列的mRNA起作用，特殊设计的siRNA能使目的基因发生特异性沉默．目前，获得siRNA已经非常方便，导入方式最常用的是微注射．RNAi技术有编码区RNAi和启动子区RNAi两大类，均可以产生类似基因敲除的功能。在家蚕功能基因的研究中已经使用了这种方法．随着RNAi技术的不断进步，RNAi可广泛地应用到功能基因组学，药物靶点筛选，疾病治疗等方面．     

RNA干扰在肿瘤转移研究中的应用

RNA干扰是与特定基因同源互补的双链RNA在体内以序列特异的方式引发靶基因的mRNA降解,从而导致转录后基因沉默的过程。由于其在基因沉默中的高度特异性和有效性,在基因功能和基因药物的研究中有很大潜力。综述了RNA干扰可能的分子机制、分子生物特性和其在肿瘤特别是肿瘤转移中的应用。     

RNAi及其在生命科学研究中的应用

RNAi即RNA干扰(RNA interfering),是近几年才发现的一种由双链RNA引起的基因沉默的现象,是目前分子生物学领域研究的热点。介绍RNAi的发现,并对RNAi在生命科学研究领域的最新应用进行综述。     

A nuclear Argonaute promotes multigenerational epigenetic inheritance and germline immortality

Epigenetic information is frequently erased near the start of each new generation. In some cases, however, epigenetic information can be transmitted from parent to progeny (multigenerational epigenetic inheritance). A particularly notable example of this type of epigenetic inheritance is double-stranded RNA-mediated gene silencing in Caenorhabditis elegans. This RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) can be inherited for more than five generations. To understand this process, here we conduct a genetic screen for nematodes defective in transmitting RNAi silencing signals to future generations. This screen identified the heritable RNAi defective 1 (hrde-1) gene. hrde-1 encodes an Argonaute protein that associates with small interfering RNAs in the germ cells of progeny of animals exposed to double-stranded RNA. In the nuclei of these germ cells, HRDE-1 engages the nuclear RNAi defective pathway to direct the trimethylation of histone H3 at Lys?9 (H3K9me3) at RNAi-targeted genomic loci and promote RNAi inheritance. Under normal growth conditions, HRDE-1 associates with endogenously expressed short interfering RNAs, which direct nuclear gene silencing in germ cells. In hrde-1- or nuclear RNAi-deficient animals, germline silencing is lost over generational time. Concurrently, these animals exhibit steadily worsening defects in gamete formation and function that ultimately lead to sterility. These results establish that the Argonaute protein HRDE-1 directs gene-silencing events in germ-cell nuclei that drive multigenerational RNAi inheritance and promote immortality of the germ-cell lineage. We propose that C. elegans use the RNAi inheritance machinery to transmit epigenetic information, accrued by past generations, into future generations to regulate important biological processes.     

RNA干涉研究进展

RNA干涉(RNAi)是生物体内的一种通过双链RNA(dsRNA)来抵抗病毒入侵和抑制转座 子活动的自然机制.快速发展的RNAi技术为抑制特异性基因的表达提供了有利的工具.到目前为 止,在真菌、拟南芥、线虫、锥虫、水螅、涡虫、果蝇、斑马鱼、小鼠等真核生物中都发现存在基因沉默 机制.RNAi作为基因沉默的工具,为基因功能研究、基因治疗、药物研究与开发等许多领域开辟了 一条新路.     

Unlocking the potential of the human genome with RNA interference

The discovery of RNA interference (RNAi) may well be one of the transforming events in biology in the past decade. RNAi can result in gene silencing or even in the expulsion of sequences from the genome. Harnessed as an experimental tool, RNAi has revolutionized approaches to decoding gene function. It also has the potential to be exploited therapeutically, and clinical trials to test this possibility are already being planned.     

Trans-splicing in C. elegans generates the negative RNAi regulator ERI-6/7

Mutations that enhance the response to double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) have revealed components of the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway or related small RNA pathways. To explore these small RNA pathways, we screened for Caenorhabditis elegans mutants displaying an enhanced response to exogenous dsRNAs. Here we describe the isolation of mutations in two adjacent, divergently transcribed open reading frames (eri-6 and eri-7) that fail to complement. eri-6 and eri-7 produce separate pre-messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs) that are trans-spliced to form a functional mRNA, eri-6/7. Trans-splicing of eri-6/7 is mediated by a direct repeat that flanks the eri-6 gene. Adenosine to inosine editing within untranslated regions of eri-6 and eri-7 pre-mRNAs reveals a double-stranded pre-mRNA intermediate, forming in the nucleus before splicing occurs. The ERI-6/7 protein is a superfamily I helicase that both negatively regulates the exogenous RNAi pathway and functions in an endogenous RNAi pathway.     

RNAi在植物中的研究进展

RNAi（RNA interfering）是由靶基因同源的双链RNA引发的在动植物中普遍存在的序列特异性转录后基因沉默。最早在植物体中发现,现已成为后基因组时代的重要研究手段。对RNAi在植物功能基因组、生长发育、抗病毒、品质改良方面的最新研究进行了综述,展望了今后的发展前景。     

秀丽线虫sod-3基因RNA干扰及早衰模型的建立

利用RNAi技术, 通过干扰秀丽线虫中的sod-3基因表达, 建立了因超氧化物歧化酶3（SOD3）表达缺失引起快速衰老的线虫模型,为sod-3 基因功能的研究以及相关疾病的基因治疗等提供动物模型.