Cerebral lateralization as a source of interindividual differences in behavior

Cerebral laterality can no longer be considered an exclusively human trait, as over the last 15 years there has been an emergence of data to suggest that animal brains are also lateralized. Morphologic, chemical and behavioral indices of brain asymmetry in the rodent have been reported, and it is suggested that variations in the magnitude and direction of these indices are determined by a complex interaction of genetic, hormonal and experiential factors. Interindividual differences in cerebral laterality have been shown to covary with, or predict, individual differences in spatial behavior and stress reactivity, as well as susceptibility to stress pathology and drug sensitivity. Such findings suggest that it is possible to study individual differences in lateralized brain function through the use of animal models.     

Improved method for preparation of microcrystalline chlorophyll a withAnacystis nidulans as a source

Summary Because of the lack of chlorophyll b, blue-gree algae are a better source of microcrystalline, high-purity chlorophyll a than the spinach leaves so far used. The preparation is easy and rapid, and the danger of chemical alteration of the chlorophyll is reduced.Acknowledgments. I thank Prof. E. Broda for his interest and Prof. H. Falk for valuable advice. I am also indebted to Mr E. Maday (IR spectography), Dr J. Seifert (X-ray) and Dr H. Zak (elemental analysis.). The work was supported by the Fonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung of the Republic of Austria.     

Evidence against cyclic GMP acting as a direct modulator of active sodium absorption in rat cecum

Summary Cyclic GMP concentrations were measured in rat cecum mucosa in vivo when the net absorption of sodium, chloride and fluid was stimulated by methylprednisolone (MP). Whereas Na–K-ATPase specific activity was increased by MP, suggesting enhanced active sodium transport, cyclic GMP levels remained unaffected.Acknowledgments. We thank Miss U. Kautz for engaged technical assistance and Dr G. Schultz for valuable discussions.Supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft grant Lo 114/10.     

Fatty acid composition of mycelium ofPenicillium chrysogenum grown in different carbohydrates as a sole source of carbon

Zusammenfassung Der bisher wenig bekannte Fettsäuregehalt in Mycelien wird untersucht.     

Fetal hypophysis as the main source of serum TSH in fetal rat

Decapitation performed at days 17-18 leads to a drastic drop (82%) in blood TSH of 19 and 21-day-old rat fetuses below the mother's level. 125I-TSH injected at 21 days into the mother's bloodstream is not found in fetal blood. The fetal hypophysis is the main source of fetal plasmatic TSH.     

Fetal hypophysis as the main source of serum TSH in fetal rat

Summary Decapitation performed at days 17–18 leads to a drastic drop (82%) in blood TSH of 19 and 21-day-old rat fetuses below the mother's level.¹²⁵I-TSH injected at 21 days into the mother's bloodstream is not found in fetal blood. The fetal hypophysis is the main source of fetal plasmatic TSH.     

Mismatch repair as an important source of new mutations in non-dividing cells

This paper describes a mechanism which permits somatic cells to generate random mutations in the complete absence of cell proliferation. Knowledge of the existence of this mechanism should provide us with the basis for a better understanding of a number of important biological phenomena, and in particular may help to explain the origins of many human cancers.     

Analogical reflection as a source for the science of life: Kant and the possibility of the biological sciences

In contrast to the previously widespread view that Kant's work was largely in dialogue with the physical sciences, recent scholarship has highlighted Kant's interest in and contributions to the life sciences. Scholars are now investigating the extent to which Kant appealed to and incorporated insights from the life sciences and considering the ways he may have contributed to a new conception of living beings. The scholarship remains, however, divided in its interest: historians of science are concerned with the content of Kant's claims, and the ways in which they may or may not have contributed to the emerging science of life, while historians of philosophy focus on the systematic justifications for Kant's claims, e.g., the methodological and theoretical underpinnings of Kant's statement that living beings are mechanically inexplicable. My aim in this paper is to bring together these two strands of scholarship into dialogue by showing how Kant's methodological concerns (specifically, his notion of reflective judgment) contributed to his conception of living beings and to the ontological concern with life as a distinctive object of study. I argue that although Kant's explicit statement was that biology could not be a science, his implicit and more fundamental claim was that the study of living beings necessitates a distinctive mode of thought, a mode that is essentially analogical. I consider the implications of this view, and argue that it is by developing a new methodology for grasping organized beings that Kant makes his most important contribution to the new science of life.     

Are erythrocytes a source of wound arylaminopeptidases?

Zusammenfassung Mit Hilfe von Fraktionierung und bei der Untersuchung ihrer Substratspezifizität zeigte sich, dass die Arylaminopeptidasen im Wundgewebe sich qualitativ von denen in den Erythrozyten unterscheiden. Die Befunde sprechen gegen eine erythrozytäre Herkunft der Wundarylaminopeptidasen.     

Origin of the direct cortical response as studied in vitro in thin cortical sections

Résumé Pour examiner l'origine de la réponse corticale par stimulation directe, le potentiel produit dans la mince section corticale a été étudié. Dans la tranche qui se compose seulement de la couche moleculaire, la configuration de la réponse a été la même que celle qui a été suscitée dans le cortex intact. La propriété du potentiel indique que non seulement les ondes initiales rapides mais aussi les ondes secondaires retardées ont atteint la portion éloignée des dendrites apicalaux.     

Hoplonemertine worms -- a new source of pyridine neurotoxins.

Two pyridine bases were isolated from the marine hoplonemertine Amphiporus angulatus (Fabricius) and identified by mass and PMR-spectroscopy as 2, 3'-bipyridyl and 3, 2'; 3', 2"; 4", 3"'-tetrapyridyl (Nemertelline). Nemertelline, the first tetrapyridyl natural product to be reported, shows a structural resemblance to the tobacco constituent nicotelline. The crustacean toxicity of 2, 3' -bipyridyl is very similar to that of nicotine, but its mammalian toxicity is negligible.     

The accessory salivary gland as the source of water in the saliva of hemiptera: Heteroptera

Summary Ablation of the accessory salivary glands of a pentatomid and of a coreid reduced quantitatively the flow of alkaline, watery saliva that can be induced by topical application of pilocarpine.     

燃料电池-真空热离子混合系统的性能特性和优化分析

基于固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFC）和真空热离子发电器（VTIG）的粒子流及电流模型,建立考虑多种不可逆性的一类不可逆SOFC-VTIG混合功率系统的一般循环模型.通过该混合模型得到了混合功率系统的效率与输出功率表达式,应用数值模拟获得混合功率系统的效率和功率随系统一些重要参数变化的关系曲线,从而揭示了混合功率系统的性能特征,确定了系统一些重要性能参数的优化判据,讨论了混合功率系统中的一些不可逆损失对系统优化性能的影响.本文所得的结果可为实际SOFC-VTIG混合功率系统的优化设计和运行提供理论依据.     

固体氧化物燃料电池-斯特林热机混合动力系统的性能优化

应用电化学、非平衡态热力学和有限时间热力学等理论,建立包含多种不可逆损失的固体氧化物燃料电池与斯特林热机组合而成的混合动力循环系统理论模型,导出混合系统的输出功率和效率的表达式,确定混合系统的最大输出功率和最大效率及其工作在最大输出功率或工作在最大效率时的运行条件,给出系统的优化工作区域,详细讨论了热力学循环过程的不可逆性对混合系统优化性能的影响,探讨了固体氧化物燃料电池与斯特林热机之间的最佳匹配关系.所得结果可为实际混合动力系统的设计和优化运行提供理论依据.     

Threo-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylserine,a poor source of noradrenaline in the rat

Résumé Chez le rat, les injections dedl-thréo-3,4-dihydroxyphénylsérine, un précurseur pharmacologique synthétique de la noradrénaline, provoquent une conversion de moins de 1% au 4-hydroxy-3-méthoxyphényl-glycol, le métabolite urinaire majeur de la noradrénaline dans cette espèce. Un nouveau cheminement qui entraîne une coupure latérale de la chaîne prit environ 10% de la dose et un autre 10% fût excrété comme un amino-acideO-méthylé; le sort de quelque 80% est inconnu.     

The source of chemical bonding

Developments in the application of quantum mechanics to the understanding of the chemical bond are traced with a view to examining the evolving conception of the covalent bond. Beginning with the first quantum mechanical resolution of the apparent paradox in Lewis’s conception of a shared electron pair bond by Heitler and London, the ensuing account takes up the challenge molecular orbital theory seemed to pose to the classical conception of the bond. We will see that the threat of delocalisation can be overstated, although it is questionable whether this should be seen as reinstating the issue of the existence of the chemical bond. More salient are some recent developments in a longstanding discussion of how to understand the causal aspects of the bonding interaction—the nature of the force involved in the covalent link—which are taken up in the latter part of the paper.