边界层流体对低渗透油藏渗流特性的影响

以去离子水在半径为2.5μm和1.0μm微圆管中流动的实验结果为基础,拟合得到去离子水在微圆管中的有效流动半径公式和基于边界层流体的不同半径毛管束视渗透率公式,并比较了视渗透率与理论渗透率之间的关系.研究结果表明:随着管径尺寸的减小,边界层流体对渗流特性的影响变大;边界层流体厚度是压力梯度的函数,并随压力梯度的增加而按指数规律递减;毛管束视渗透率随压力梯度增大而增大,并最终趋近于理论值.边界层流体是导致低渗透油藏非线性渗流特性的主要因素之一.     

流体边界层对低渗透油藏渗流特征的影响

 低渗透油藏孔喉细小、孔隙结构复杂,固液界面相互作用力很大,在靠近孔喉壁面处存在一层流体边界层,阻碍流体在孔喉中的流动。为研究流体边界层对低渗透油藏流体渗流特征的影响,以去离子水在半径分别为10.0,7.5和5.0μm的微圆管中流动的实验数据为基础,通过数据拟合分析,确定了流体流动速度、边界层厚度与压力梯度之间的关系。结果表明,由于流体边界层的存在,低压条件下,去离子水在不同半径微圆管中的流动偏离经典的达西流动规律,表现出非线性特征,且存在启动压力梯度;随着管径的降低,流动偏离达西渗流规律的程度增大,非线性越发明显;随压力梯度增加,流体边界层厚度呈指数规律递减,压力增大到一定程度后,趋于定值。运用不等径毛管束模型,给出低渗透油藏单相流体渗流公式。     

微圆管中流体的微观流动机制

 针对低渗透油藏储层孔隙喉道小的特点,采用管径为20、15、10、5 μm 的微圆管,以去离子水和煤油为流动介质,研究微圆管中流体的微观流动规律,分析去离子水和煤油的实验流速、有效边界层厚度与压力梯度的关系,考察壁面润湿性和流体黏度对微流动规律的影响。研究表明,微管中流体流速与压力梯度基本成线性关系,随着微管管径的减小,流体流动的非线性程度增强,且驱动压力越大,微管有效边界层厚度越小,参与流动的流体更多,有效流体边界层厚度占微管管径的比例也随之降低;微管壁面由亲水性变为疏水性后,流体流速均高于改性前,微管管径越大,作用效果越显著;改变流体黏度时,出现明显的启动压力梯度特征,实验流体黏度从2.40 mPa·s 增至10.20 mPa·s 时,对应的启动压力梯度由1.26 MPa/m 增加到6.83 MPa/m。     

微圆管中纳微米聚合物流动规律

 针对低渗透油藏储集层孔道微细、孔隙结构复杂等特点,采用管径为20、15、10 μm的微圆管,以纳微米聚合物颗粒溶液为流动介质,研究微圆管中流体微观流动规律,分析纳微米聚合物颗粒溶液的实验流速与压力梯度的关系,研究纳微米聚合物颗粒溶液在窄小孔道中微尺度效应下的微观流动规律,明确在微管内所受微观力和流体动力学特性。研究表明：随着微管内径的逐渐减小,纳微米聚合物溶液的流速均明显减小;随着纳微米聚合物颗粒尺寸和溶液质量浓度的增加,流体流速逐渐降低;实验压力范围内,纳微米聚合物流速与压力梯度基本呈线性关系;微管管径越小,颗粒粒径越大,非达西流动特征越显著。     

低渗透储层中氮气的微尺度流动及其对渗流的影响

从气体在低渗透储层微米量级孔喉中的微尺度流动规律研究入手,探讨低渗透储层中气体的非线性渗流机理.实验研究了气体(N2)在内径为2.05～10.10μm微管中的流动规律.结果表明:气体在微管中的流动具有明显的微尺度效应,表现为实测流量大于经典流体力学理论预测流量;管径越小,流动压力越小,微尺度流动效应越强,实测流量与预测流量的偏离越显著.根据微管实验数据,结合毛管束模型,研究了气体微尺度流动效应对渗流的影响.结果表明:考虑孔喉中气体的微尺度流动效应后,低渗透多孔介质中气体的渗流具有非线性特征,表现为视渗透率随流动压力的减小而增加;多孔介质平均孔喉直径越小,视渗透率随压力的变化越明显.     

高压气体在微圆管中的流动特性

在高压条件下,试验研究氮气在直径为14.9、10.1、5.03、2.05μm微圆管中的流动特性。结合毛管束模型,研究气体的高压微尺度流动特性对气体在低渗多孔介质中渗流特性的影响。结果表明:气体在14.9μm微圆管中的高压流动特性与经典流体力学规律相符;随着管径的减小,气体的流动出现了明显的微尺度效应,表现为实测流量偏离经典流体力学理论预测流量,且管径越小,这种微尺度流动效应越显著;研究稀薄气体效应时提出的Kn数不能用来表征高压条件下气体的微尺度效应;气体在微小孔喉中的高压微尺度流动效应导致气体在低渗多孔介质中的渗流具有非达西渗流特征,表现为实际渗透率大于由经典H-P方程和达西公式计算的绝对渗透率。     

特低渗油藏渗流阻力梯度的非线性特征

根据边界层理论,运用三次函数形式对特低渗岩心试验曲线进行拟合分析,在此基础上,运用微分线性描述方法,建立考虑边界层及启动压力梯度影响的特低渗储层渗流阻力梯度的数学模型,得到渗流阻力梯度与驱替压力梯度及渗透率的关系图版.结果表明,渗流阻力梯度随驱替压力梯度增加而降低,随渗透率减小而增大,且渗透率越小,渗流阻力梯度增幅越大,其非线性变化特征越明显.     

狭缝射流冲击柱状凸形表面流动换热特性

采用数值方法研究了狭缝射流冲击柱状凸形表面的流动换热特性,通过四种湍流模型计算结果与实验数据对比,确定了湍流模型适用性.以压力梯度分布为依据,重点分析了狭缝射流沿柱状凸形表面的流动结构和边界层分离特点及柱状凸形表面的强化换热特性.结果表明:RNG k--ε和Realizable k--ε模型具有预测适应性;狭缝射流冲击至柱状凸形表面,气体沿表面运动,速度降低,并在流动下游发生边界层分离;量纲一的逆压梯度随量纲一的曲率半径(D/B)的减小而增大,使得边界层分离更早出现;驻点区域换热Nu随量纲一的曲率半径(D/B)的减小而获得增强,但流动进入下游后,D/B对换热基本无影响;压力梯度是影响狭缝射流冲击柱状凸形表面换热分布的重要因素.     

聚合物溶液在孔喉模型中的阻力特性

以收缩流道和扩张流道作为孔喉模型,分别通过数值方法和流动实验研究了粘弹性流体、幂律流体和牛顿流体在孔喉中流动压力梯度随流变参数、孔喉比及喉道直径的变化规律.结果表明压力梯度随着流体粘弹性的增强而增加,随幂指数、稠度系数的增加而增加,随孔喉直径和孔喉比的增加而降低.将数值结果与孔喉模型中的流动实验及岩心渗流实验比较发现,流体在孔喉模型中流动阻力特性与岩心中渗流阻力特性有相似的变化规律,对于粘弹性流体,压力梯度随流速增加急剧上升,递增速率增大;对于幂律流体,压力梯度随流速增加的幅度逐渐变缓;对于牛顿流体,压力梯度随流速增加呈线性增加趋势,符合达西定律.可以将流体在单个孔喉中的流动作为研究其在多孔介质中渗流的理论基础.     

圆管状多孔射气介质氡析出规律的理论研究

基于在多孔射气介质中氡的渗流-扩散迁移理论,建立了圆管状多孔射气介质氡的迁移数学模型,并获得了稳态条件下氡浓度分布的解析解和氡析出率的计算公式。通过研究,获得以下结论:1)圆管管壁内靠近圆管内外表面的氡浓度和氡浓度梯度随着扩散系数的增大而减小;2)圆管内外表面的氡析出率随扩散系数的增大而增大,并逐渐趋于最大值;整个圆管的氡析出份额随扩散系数的增大而增大并逐渐趋于1;3)圆管管壁内的氡浓度峰值的大小随着圆管内外表面压差值的增大而减小;其中氡浓度峰值最大时压差为20 Pa;氡浓度峰值最小时压差为60 Pa;4)当圆管内外表面存在压差时,高压侧的圆管表面的氡析出率随着压力梯度的增大而减小,并逐渐趋于0;低压侧的圆管表面的氡析出率随着压力梯度的增大而增大,并逐渐趋于最大值;整个圆管的氡析出份额随着压差值的增大而增大,并逐渐趋于1。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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