室内外空气中氡子体浓度测量

报道了室内外空气中氡子体浓度的测量结果.红砖建筑物室内,RaA、RaB、RaC、ThB、ThC的浓度分别为7.80,5.86,5.69,0.37及1.11Bq/m~3;室外分别为5.28,4.44,5.37,0.27及0.46Bq/m~3.硅酸盐砖住宅室内分别为12.14,10.96,10.50,8.40及5.84Bq/m~3,室外分别为7.88,8.36,9.36,3.85及5.07Bq/m~3.     

福田区公共场所氡分布变化的调查评价

深圳是我国土壤高氡背景区,为评价该地区公共场所内氡所致人体辐射照射水平,本文随机抽取的44个不同公共场所,使用RAD-7对所选场所室内氡浓度水平进行调查.调查结果表明深圳福田区公共场所室内氡浓度算术平均值：26.7依17.3 Bq/m^3,几何平均值：22.3依1.9 Bq/m^3;不同建材场所室内氡浓度差异较大,以高层建筑室内氡浓度最高;和深圳氡调查历史数据相比,只有高层建筑室内氡浓度呈上升趋势.本次调查数据对深圳市公共场所室内氡浓度的评价和防护具有一定参考意义.     

活性炭盒法测定北京住宅内氡浓度的研究

采用活性炭盒法测定北京地区部分居民住宅内的氡浓度。实验测得楼房、地下室和平房内氡浓度的平均值分别为29.53 Bq/m3、38.52 Bq/m3和52.31 Bq/m3,楼房和平房的氡浓度平均值为38.44 Bq/m3,低于国内平均水平,符合GB 50325-2001《民用建筑工程室内环境污染控制规范》中室内氡浓度限量。     

南昌市地铁车站内氡浓度水平调查分析

对南昌市地铁1号线和2号线车站内氡浓度水平进行监测,初步掌握南昌市地铁重点区域的氡浓度水平,并分析其对工作人员和公众人员带来的辐射危害.采用《环境空气中氡的标准检测方法》(GB/T14582—1993)中的径迹蚀刻法进行采样及测量,并根据《室内氡及其子体控制要求》(GB/T 16146—2015)中的公式进行相关人员年有效剂量评估.结果:南昌市地铁车站内氡浓度范围是8.30～23.72 Bq/m3,均值为14.45 Bq/m3,监测结果均低于400 Bq/m3的参考水平.车控室、站台、客服中心不同类型监测点氡浓度水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).1号线和2号线2条不同线路车站内氡浓度水平也无统计学意义(P>0.05).地铁车站内氡所致的工作人员和公众的年有效剂量均低于标准规定的限值要求.南昌市地铁车站内氡对工作人员和公众的辐射危害在安全范围内.     

基于小闪烁室测氡仪快速定值方法研究

高探测效率的闪烁室测氡是氡测量的主要方法，但其取样结束后需静置3 h才开始测量.为实现闪烁室快速测氡的需要，在Rn-222、Po-218和Bi-214的探测效率相同的条件下，依据氡及其子体的衰变关系，本文建立了一种闪烁室测氡仪快速定值的方法.此法基于积分计数法，利用测量周期为60 min时的刻度因子K₀,计算测量周期为30 min和15 min的理论刻度因子.本文选取对氡及其子体探测效率近似100%的54 mL小闪烁室，在氡浓度为20 Bq/mL的条件下开展快速定值实验.实验结果表明，本文测量的实验值与理论值误差在5%以内，能够实现闪烁室快速测氡.     

浙江师范大学校园居室氡浓度及其影响因素

校园是人口密集的场所,居室内空气中氡的浓度过高会对师生的健康造成危害.在浙江师范大学校园中选取了部分学生宿舍、教工宿舍和教学主楼中的部分室内空间进行了氡浓度的测量.结果表明:居室内氡浓度的变化范围为8.4～182.4 Bq·5m-3,低于Ⅰ类民用建筑工程≤200 Bq·5m-3的国家标准.室内氡的浓度主要取决于通风条件,通风不良的居室氡浓度最高时可接近200 Bq·5m-3;不同的建筑装修材料、楼层、气候条件、地面的孔隙和裂隙的发育程度也会影响氡的浓度.氡浓度的日变化特征为22:00至次日10:00浓度较高,10:00-22:00相对较低.建议师生注意室内的空气流通;在已建或在建的建筑物中,采取相应的降氡、防氡措施,以确保师生免遭氡的危害.     

小型氡室模拟~(210)Po自然沉降及其测量方法研究

利用放化分离提纯技术和α谱仪测量技术,建立针对可吸入颗粒物中~(210)Po的活度测量方法.通过自制小型氡室开展模拟实验,将聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)滤膜放入小型氡室密封60 d后,测量氡浓度变化情况,滤膜经过酸浸湿法消解处理后,利用~(210)Po在银片上的自沉积,通过低本底α谱仪对镀有~(210)Po的银片进行测量.结果表明,氡室内氡浓度维持在2×105Bq·m-3左右,氡衰变子体~(210)Po通过自沉降,能够在滤纸上检出较高~(210)Po活度,平行性好,适合开展氡及其子体模拟实验.     

基于分形理论的土壤氡浓度矿化异常的分析方法:以湖南郴州金狮岭地区为例

土壤氡浓度分布具有双分形特征,其分维值分别为D1=0.079 4和D2=1.4654,分形临界值为2 167.7 Bq/m~3.低于临界值的分形其分维值D1很小,代表了区域背景分布,其背景值为1 088.16 Bq/m~3.高于临界值的分形其分维值D2显著增大,反映该区发生了较强的成矿作用的叠加.分形临界值可以作为异常下限值.金狮岭地区土壤氡浓度异常区分布范围较大,表明具有较好的成矿远景.     

衡阳地区人防工程氡浓度调查

衡阳属高氡本底地区,本文选择位于该地区的人防工程进行氡浓度调查．研究表明,在不做密闭处理的情况下,位于衡阳地区的人防工程中平均氡浓度约为55．9—167．3Bq／m^3,低于国际辐射防扩委员会（ICRP）给出的对室内氡浓度干预行动水平的下限建议值：200Bq／m^3．在该通风条件下利用人防工程,可以不考虑氡的防护．人防工程中的氡浓度随着季节变化而变化,春季偏低,秋季偏高．该结果为人防工程平战结合利用时对氡防护有一定的参考意义．     

砷在锗中的扩散

在恒定温度800℃之下进行了在砷的表面浓度范围为1.9×10~(18)-4.9×10~(19)原子/厘米~2,以及锗材料中含铟浓度范围为4×10~(14)-1×10~(17)原子/厘米~3的砷以气相散入锗的研究。扩散系数是利用测量扩散层的P-n 结方法来决定的,而杂质在扩散层中的浓度分布则用连续腐蚀法结合四探针电导测量来决定。发现扩散系数是随着P-型锗的纯度增加而逐渐增大,以及随着砷的表面浓度增大而增大(在N_s>2.3×10~8原子/厘米~3的区域),同时发现扩散层中砷的浓度分布显著地偏离于理论分布。对于体内杂质浓度以及砷的表面浓度对扩散系数所起的作用进行了一些讨论.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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