意杨旋切板胶合木柱的蠕变性能

本文对意扬旋切板胶合木柱长期荷载作用下的蠕变性能开展了初步研究工作。试件为3组,尺寸均为150 mm×150 mm×2 400 mm,每组试件所施加的轴心受压荷载值都是根据先前相同尺寸柱短期轴压试验确定的。研究过程中用温湿度记录仪记录试验环境变化;用位移传感器记录试件中部的变形大小;运用黏弹性力学理论建立蠕变本构方程;利用Origin软件结合试验数据对本构方程的系数进行拟合。结果表明:足尺旋切板胶合木柱的蠕变变形由弹性变形、黏性变形和黏弹性变形组成;湿度和温度对蠕变变形的影响很大;通过Burger模型、三参量模型和经验模型建立蠕变本构方程,其中Burger模型与三参量模型能够较好地拟合本次试验曲线,而三参量模型所建立的本构方程能够更好地应用于实际工程中。     

高浮雕银章热压材料本构模型及成形特性研究

随着纪念币成形向高浮雕、大变形方向的发展，传统的通过冷加工方法的纪念币挤压成形已无法满足大变形的成形要求，为了解决高浮雕银章成形困难的问题，研究了热加工条件下的银章成形特性．通过Gleeble3500单向压缩试验对25～600℃的银材料热流动行为进行研究，结合有限元仿真软件研究材料的成形性能与热压工艺，随后开展了高浮雕银章热压试验．通过Gleeble3500试验确定了银材料的热压金属流动行为，在25℃时存在明显的加工硬化现象，而高温时回复再结晶软化机制占据主导地位．利用Johnson-Cook本构方程实现了对应力-应变曲线的分温度区间描述．依据拟合的Johnson-Cook本构模型开展25～600℃纯银板坯杯突有限元仿真，研究温度、摩擦系数和冲压速度对板坯成形的影响．采用杯突值(IE)来衡量材料的变形能力，结果表明高温、低摩擦、低冲压速度时，材料拥有更大的IE值．当温度从25℃增大到600℃时，IE值随之增大了94.7%．在同一温度下，当冲压速度从3 mm/min增大到12 mm/min、摩擦系数从0增大到0.100时，IE值均减小，减小幅度在10.9%以内．开展的高浮雕银章热压试验也...     

TC11钛合金的高温蠕变实验研究

对TC11钛合金在同一温度(550℃)不同应力水平条件下进行了多组蠕变实验,根据有关流变模型建立了积分型蠕变本构方程和微分型应力应变本构关系,并对由蠕变方程推导的理论结果与实验结果的误差进行了分析.     

基于蠕变损伤的P91钢应力-应变本构关系

高温下材料的本构关系和时间相关,可以由高温等时应力-应变曲线表示。对P91钢分别进行高温(600℃)短时拉伸实验,高温蠕变100、500和900 h实验之后的高温短时拉伸实验,以及完整的蠕变断裂实验。结果表明:用高温等时应力-应变曲线描述P91钢高温蠕变损伤后的本构关系极为保守。由此,引入寿命分数参数定义材料的高温蠕变损伤,获得了P91钢发生高温蠕变损伤后材料抗拉强度与蠕变损伤的关系,修正了高温等时应力-应变曲线,建立了基于蠕变损伤的P91钢应力-应变本构方程。     

压水堆一回路环境中304不锈钢的蠕变特性分析

裂尖结构蠕变应变是核电结构材料应力腐蚀裂纹扩展的主要驱动力之一,为了了解核电结构材料在核电高温水环境下的蠕变特性,本文利用高压釜模拟核电一回路高温高压水环境,对核电结构材料304不锈钢进行了不同应力下的单轴拉伸蠕变实验,基于时间硬化本构模型得出了其在320℃下的蠕变本构方程,并结合ABAQUS有限元分析软件建立了高应力下获取蠕变的数值模拟方法。结果表明,应力和时间对蠕变变形有着很大的影响,蠕变速率在初期很大,随着蠕变时间的延长,由于合金加工硬化现象的产生,导致蠕变速率逐渐减少并趋于稳定;温度一定时,蠕变变形和蠕变速率同样随着应力的增大而增大。利用ABAQUS可以有效获取高应力下蠕变规律的数值模拟方法,研究结果为核电结构材料安全性评定提供了一定的参考作用。     

预蠕变—塑性的本构描述及其实验验证

基于热力学相容的本构模型并合理地定义广义时间标度，得到了描述蠕变，塑性及其交互作用的统一型本构方程。进而通过对蠕变、塑性及其交互作用过程中材料内部子结构及其变化的分析，将材料的强化分解为对应于累积非弹性变形的强化和由蠕变变形导致的附加强化。对对高温环境二维应力路径下３１６不锈钢的预蠕变－塑性变形过程进行了分析，取得了与Ｏｈａｓｈｉ等的实验数据相吻合的结果。     

弥散铜材料的高温本构方程

弥散铜是一种新型的粉末体电极材料 ,在加工制备过程中其变形行为会不同于致密体 .针对粉末体材料的变形特性 ,提出了弥散铜的高温本构方程的数学模型 ,并通过大量的热模拟压缩实验 ,确定了该材料高温本构方程的具体形式     

40Cr 钢 的 高 温 蠕 变 行 为

研究了40Cr钢在不同温度和应力水平下的蠕变行为,并根据实验数据绘制得到蠕变曲线.在实验条件下,40Cr钢的蠕变曲线呈现出较长的稳态阶段和较短的减速阶段与加速阶段.并且其蠕变的稳态速率可以用Norton Power规律来描述,蠕变数据符合Monkman Grant关系的一般形式.同时,基于实验数据,建立了40Cr钢高温蠕变的非线性本构方程,并通过最小二乘法确定本构方程中的参数.将该本构方程计算得到的结果与实验数据进行了比较,发现用该本构方程可以较好地描述40Cr钢的蠕变行为.     

可用于人工关节润滑的水凝胶蠕变缓释性能及理论模型

针对人工关节润滑液难以定量供给导致假体表面磨损严重的问题，提出一种水凝胶关节囊结构来供给和保存关节润滑液的方法，并进行了试验探究和理论验证。首先，制备了含透明质酸琼脂糖水凝胶，在生理盐水浸润环境中对其进行了体外无侧限压缩蠕变缓释试验，得到了蠕变体积和介质释放量与压力的关系曲线，并得出蠕变体积与介质释放量的转换公式。然后，根据水凝胶的结构和性质，建立了耦合扩散和大变形理论的本构模型，在给定压力的情况下通过该模型可得到水凝胶蠕变仿真曲线，最后结合试验得到的转化公式，可推导出水凝胶介质缓释量。采用一种将试验结果与有限元建模和优化方法相结合的有限元逆向法技术，得到了试件的相关材料参数，使用该参数对不同压力下的蠕变行为进行了仿真验证，结果表明：含透明质酸琼脂糖水凝胶在恒定压力作用下蠕变缓释量正比于蠕变体积；在给定压力和作用时间的情况下，耦合扩散和大变形理论模型可以在误差允许范围内定量预测含透明质酸琼脂糖水凝胶的缓释量。该研究成果可为未来水凝胶作为人造关节囊实现人工关节定量润滑提供参考。     

纯铝(L_2)高温本构方程的研究

有限元数值模拟技术应用于金属材料的加工过程，给深入研究金属成形过程提供了有力的理论工具，但其精确程度与材料本构方程的精确描述有极大的关系．材料的本构方程是描述材料成形信息的数学模型，它反映了材料的流动应力与变形程度、变形速率、变形温度的关系．因此，通过实验获取材料的本构方程是有限元数值模拟首要解决的问题．本文针对刚粘塑性材料提出了本构方程的数学模型，并在实验的基础上给出了纯铝（Ｌ２）材料的本构方程的具体形式     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.