过量表达EPSPS转基因促进栽培稻与杂草稻杂种后代的叶绿素合成

过量表达内源EPSPS基因不仅能够提高栽培稻对草甘膦除草剂的抗性,还能在不施用草甘膦的条件下提高转基因栽培稻与杂草稻杂种后代的光合速率.由于叶绿素是影响光合作用的关键因子,本研究探索了过量表达EPSPS基因是否提高栽培稻与杂草稻杂种后代的叶绿素含量以及叶绿素合成途径中关键基因的表达.以EPSPS转基因栽培稻(EP_3)及其与杂草稻两个组合的F_3杂种后代分离群体为实验材料,分别测定了含EPSPS转基因和不含EPSPS转基因杂种后代群体的叶绿素含量以及叶绿素合成关键基因的表达量.结果表明,含转基因EPSPS的栽培稻×杂草稻后代群体的叶绿素含量显著增高,在培养至30d的时候,总叶绿素含量分别增高了86.89%和22.58%;培养至60d的时候,总叶绿素含量分别增高了72.82%和51.30%.叶绿素合成途径中的3个关键基因GLUTR、CHLH和PORA的表达显著上调.因此而做出如下结论,EPSPS基因的过量表达可以通过调控叶绿素合成途径中关键基因的表达,促进叶绿素的合成,进而提高了植物光合作用的速率.     

菠菜叶绿体合成黄质素(XANTHOXIN)的研究

菠菜叶绿体曝光时能够合黄质素(XANTHOXIN)。在黑暗条件下菠菜叶绿体所合成的XANTHOXIN与此相比较是微不足道的。在实验中可以观察到伴随着依赖光的XANTHOXIN合成,出现随毛实验时间的延续而增强的叶绿素失绿变黄现象。α-亚麻酸不但促进叶绿素失绿,而且促进XANTHOXIN的形成。由此可见,叶绿体生成XANTHOXIN的反应是依赖光的光化学反应。在研究中还发现,从叶绿体中分离掉溶解于正庚烷的类胡萝卜素等物质后,XANTHOXIN的生成受到抑制。     

间苯二酚的合成方法

系统介绍了间苯二酚诸多的合成方法，并对其中的磺化法、异丙苯法、芳化法和取代法进行了简要的评述。指出传统的磺化法通过工艺改进，目前仍为间苯二酚的主要生产方法；异丙苯法是一种最有前景的合成方法：而芳化法和取代法要实现工业化仍有许多难题需要解决。     

大肠杆菌不依赖特异性抗体激活补体系统经典途径的…

已被公认的两条补体激活途径，即经典途径和替代途径外，还存在着一条不依赖抗有－－抗体复合物而激活补体的经典途径。用Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉＢ，Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉＫ１２ｇａｔ＾＋的细胞壁加入到补体参与的溶血实验中有明显的溶血抑制作用，从而说明大肠菌的细胞壁对不依赖抗全而激活补体经典途径有密切关系。     

二值变换法及其应用

在对关系模式中普遍存在的多值依赖关系进行分析的基础上，提出了一种可将多值依赖关系转化为单值依赖关系的二值变换法。该方法能方便地实现多关系模式的化简与归并，提高关系模式的规范化程度和减少每一实体在关系中占据的元组数量，从而大大压缩存储容量和提高检索效率。     

大肠杆菌不依赖特异性抗体激活补体系统经典途径的研究

除已被公认的两条补体激活途径，即经典途径和替代途径外，还存在着一条不依赖抗原──抗体复合物而激活补体的经典途径。用Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉＢ、Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉＫ１２ｇａｌ＋的细胞壁加入到补体参与的溶血实验中发现有明显的溶血抑制作用，从而说明大肠杆菌的细胞壁对不依赖抗体而激活补体经典途径有密切关系。     

基于叶绿体基因组全序列分析真叶植物叶绿体基因的适应性进化

 真叶植物包括蕨类、裸子植物和被子植物。迄今已积累有较为丰富的真叶植物叶绿体基因组全序列数据。选取了29种真叶植物的叶绿体基因组全序列,采用PAML 软件基于位点间可变ω模型,分别分析了蕨类、裸子植物和被子植物叶绿体基因的适应性进化。结果显示：① 蕨类、裸子植物和被子植物各有6.5%、7.5%和19.2%的叶绿体基因受正选择作用;被子植物经历正选择的叶绿体基因明显比蕨类和裸子植物为多;② 被正选择作用的叶绿体基因主要是遗传系统和光合系统基因,它们的编码产物涉及叶绿体蛋白质合成、基因转录、能量转化与调节及光合作用等过程。推测叶绿体功能基因可能在真叶植物对陆生生态环境的适应过程中起着重要作用。     

氨合成反应的BOC—MP法研究

用键级守恒莫尔势函数法（ＢＯＣ－ＭＰ）研究了铁催化剂表面氨合成反应的缔合式和解离式两种机理，计算表明缔合式机理速控步骤的活化能垒Ｎ２，ａｄ＋Ｈａｄ→ＮＨａｄ＋Ｎ（９２ｋＪｍｏｌ－１）低于解离式机理速控步骤Ｎａｄ＋Ｈａｄ→ＮＨａｄ（１６３ｋＪｍｏｌ－１）的活化能垒，但反应Ｎ２，ａｄ→Ｎａｄ＋Ｎａｄ（５０ｋＪｍｏｌ－１）的活化能垒又明显低于缔合式途径速控步骤的活化能垒．由此可推断，在铁催化剂表面存在着两种氨合成竞争反应途径，但缔合式机理在反应能量学上较为有利．     

面向对象与原型法相结合的一种模式

用传统的瀑布式方法开发软件存在着两大问题：不易克服语义断层及不易适应需求变化。面向对象法和原型法的结合可以克服以上问题。面向对象法对前者有绝对优势，原型法对后者有优势。如果用某种手段把两者结合起来，充分发挥各自的长处，就能大大提高开发效率和质量。鉴于此，本文在对面向对象方法及原型法分析的基础上，提出了一种使这两种方法相结合的模式，满足了这种要求。     

水分胁迫下植物脯氨酸累积的分子机理

脯氨酸作为一种重要的渗透保护物质，在植物的抗性生理中发挥着重要的作用。水分胁迫条件下，脯氨酸的累积通过3种不同的途径进行：效应细胞的从头合成；脯氨酸降解的减少以及脯氨酸转运系统的参与。Δ^1-吡咯啉－5－羧酸合成酶（P5CS）和脯氨酸脱氢酶（ProDH)在脯氨酸合成和降解的过程中起着关键的调节作用。总之，植物的脯氨酸合成、累积和代谢是一个受非生物胁迫和细胞内脯氨酸浓度高度调控的生理生化过程。P5CS基因启动子分析表明，ABA可能参与了该基因的表达。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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