粗糙脉孢霉arg—13 cDNA能互补酿酒酵母arg11突变侏

以粗糙脉孢霉Neurospora crassa arg-13基因作为探针筛选λgt10 cDNA文库,获得全长arg-13cDNA并能表型拯救arg-13突变株,进行了arg-13cDNA测序,为了进一步证实arg-13的功能,构建了GALI诱导表达的arg-13cDNA的载体,该载体能表型互补酿酒酵母Saccharomyces cervisiae arg11突变株,证实arg-13编码线粒体内膜鸟铵酸转运酶 ,并表明酶母线粒体膜易位蛋白复合物能定位粗糙脉孢霉线粒体内膜蛋白质。     

Structure of human cyclophilin and its binding site for cyclosporin A determined by X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy

The protein cyclophilin is the major intracellular receptor for the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin A. Cyclosporin A acts as an inhibitor of T-cell activation and can prevent graft rejection in organ and bone marrow transplantation. Cyclophilin may be responsible for mediating this immunosuppressive response. Cyclophilin also catalyses the interconversion of the cis and trans isomers of the peptidyl-prolyl amide bonds of peptide and protein substrates. Here we report the X-ray crystal structure of human recombinant cyclophilin complexed with a tetrapeptide and the identification, by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, of the specific binding site for cyclosporin A. Cyclophilin has an eight-stranded antiparallel beta-barrel structure. The prolyl isomerase substrate-binding site is coincident with the cyclosporine-binding site. These results may help to provide a structural basis for rationalizing the immunosuppressive function of the cyclosporin-cyclophilin system and will also be important in the design of improved immunosuppressant drugs.     

A histone H3 methyltransferase controls DNA methylation in Neurospora crassa.

DNA methylation is involved in epigenetic processes such as X-chromosome inactivation, imprinting and silencing of transposons. We have demonstrated previously that dim-2 encodes a DNA methyltransferase that is responsible for all known cytosine methylation in Neurospora crassa. Here we report that another Neurospora gene, dim-5, is required for DNA methylation, as well as for normal growth and full fertility. We mapped dim-5 and identified it by transformation with a candidate gene. The mutant has a nonsense mutation in a SET domain of a gene related to histone methyltransferases that are involved in heterochromatin formation in other organisms. Transformation of a wild-type strain with a segment of dim-5 reactivated a silenced hph gene, apparently by 'quelling' of dim-5. We demonstrate that recombinant DIM-5 protein specifically methylates histone H3 and that replacement of lysine 9 in histone H3 with either a leucine or an arginine phenocopies the dim-5 mutation. We conclude that DNA methylation depends on histone methylation.     

粗糙脉孢菌及其在发酵工业中的应用研究

粗糙脉孢菌（Neurospora crassa）是一种多细胞丝状真菌,也是一种重要的真核模式生物,它在现代遗传学、生物化学和分子生物学研究领域具有重要的地位。本文介绍了粗糙脉孢菌的生理特性及其分子生物学研究概况,重点阐述了粗糙脉孢菌在发酵工业生产应用中的研究进展。     

粗糙脉孢菌产黑色素条件优化及黑色素物理特性研究

优化了粗糙脉孢菌(Neurospora crassa)AS3．1602生产黑色素的条件，结果表明，在葡萄糖0．5g/L,(NH4)2SO4 8g/L,NaCl3 g/L,CaCl2 0.1g/L、酪氨酸取饱和浓度时，有相对高的产量．对所产黑色素进行了分离纯化，并研究了其理化性质．     

粗糙脉孢菌中几丁质合酶1缺失突变体的构建及表型分析

在丝状真菌中,几丁质是真菌细胞壁的主要成分之一,对维持细胞形态和结构起到了重要的作用.几丁质是由几丁质合酶(chitin synthase,CHS)催化合成的,几丁质合酶参与生物钟调节的生理活动.本文以丝状真菌粗糙脉孢菌几丁质合酶1(CHS-1)为研究对象,通过同源重组基因敲除技术、电转化、分生孢子过膜以及PCR鉴定的方法,获得了chs-1缺失突变菌株CHS-1KO.通过竞争性生长管(racetube)培养分析发现:对照Ku70RIP和突变菌株CHS-1KO(Ku70RIP背景)均具有明显的分生孢子带,但分生孢子带昼夜节律周期缩短,直线生长速率显著减慢,ku70RIP菌丝生长长度是3.4±0.31 cm/24 h,而突变菌株CHS-1KO(Ku70RIP背景)菌丝生长长度是2.07±0.19 cm/24 h.并进一步结合细胞壁染色对细胞形态分析发现:变菌株CHS-1KO菌丝沿生长方向膨胀、分支变短.这些结果表明:几丁质合酶1在粗糙脉孢菌分生孢子带昼夜节律形成和菌丝生长中发挥重要的作用.     

A comprehensive analysis of protein-protein interactions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Two large-scale yeast two-hybrid screens were undertaken to identify protein-protein interactions between full-length open reading frames predicted from the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome sequence. In one approach, we constructed a protein array of about 6,000 yeast transformants, with each transformant expressing one of the open reading frames as a fusion to an activation domain. This array was screened by a simple and automated procedure for 192 yeast proteins, with positive responses identified by their positions in the array. In a second approach, we pooled cells expressing one of about 6,000 activation domain fusions to generate a library. We used a high-throughput screening procedure to screen nearly all of the 6,000 predicted yeast proteins, expressed as Gal4 DNA-binding domain fusion proteins, against the library, and characterized positives by sequence analysis. These approaches resulted in the detection of 957 putative interactions involving 1,004 S. cerevisiae proteins. These data reveal interactions that place functionally unclassified proteins in a biological context, interactions between proteins involved in the same biological function, and interactions that link biological functions together into larger cellular processes. The results of these screens are shown here.     

一种高效的酿酒酵母和毕赤酵母电击转化法

 电击转化由于其高效率而被广泛地应用于酿酒酵母的转化过程中。但是由于菌种退化或是暴露于污染的环境,很多菌种的转化效率会显著地下降2~4个数量级。探索了一种改进的电击转化方法,它借助于单链载体DNA和转化后在YPD培养基中的复苏过程,可以使转化效率比之前曾报道过的已经最优化的用醋酸锂和二硫苏糖醇进行预处理的转化方法效率提高13倍。在毕赤酵母中使用这一改进的方法,可以使转化效率提高高达114倍,在一些已经退化的酿酒酵母菌株中,此方法也可以提高转化效率将近100倍。这一方法将为几乎所有酿酒酵母和毕赤酵母的分子操作提供极大的便利。     

酿酒酵母蛋白酶A外泌与酒类酿造

蛋白酶A(EC 3.4.23.6)是酿酒酵母中重要的蛋白酶,与酶原激活、生孢等多种生理功能密切相关.在酒类酿造过程中往往会发生蛋白酶A外泌进而影响发酵产品质量的现象.研究胁迫条件下蛋白酶A的外泌及其调控机制,对于酿酒酵母菌种选育和酒类产品质量控制具有重要的理论指导意义.本文主要对蛋白酶A外泌机制和蛋白酶A外泌对酒类酿造影响的相关研究进行综述.     

脂肪酸碳链延长酶与脱饱和酶在酿酒酵母中共表达

为了利用转基因技术在酿酒酵母Saccharomyces cerevisiae中生产二十二碳六烯酸(DHA,22∶6Δ4,7,10,13,16,19n-3),构建了同时含C20-Δ5脂肪酸碳链延长酶(TFD5)和C22-Δ4脂肪酸碳链脱饱和酶(FAD4)基因的共表达质粒pYTFD5-FAD4.该质粒是通过基因重组的方法,使脂肪酸碳链延长酶与脱饱和酶基因置于各自启动子和终止子下获得的.共表达质粒pYTFD5-FAD4转化酿酒酵母所得到基因工程菌,在添加终质量分数为2%的半乳糖,终体积分数为1%的NP-40和0.3 mmol/L的底物二十碳五烯酸(EPA,20∶5Δ5,8,11,14,17n-3)下进行诱导,可直接转化二十碳五烯酸(EPA,20∶5Δ5,8,11,14,17n-3)生成二十二碳五烯酸(DPA,22∶5Δ4,7,10,13,16n-3)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA,22∶6Δ4,7,10,13,16,19n-3).