等边浅蛤数量性状参数的相关分析

测量了等边浅蛤壳长、壳宽、壳高等壳体性状和湿全重、软体部湿重、软体部干重等经济性状．分析表明,等边浅蛤各性状间的相关系数均达到显著水平．壳高与壳长,壳高与壳宽,湿全重与软体部湿重,湿全重与软体部干重之间均呈线性正相关,可用线性回归方程模式表示:Y=a bX;壳长与湿全重,壳长与软体部湿重,壳高与湿全重,壳高与软体部湿重之间均呈幂函数关系,可用幂函数回归方程表示:Y=aXb．建立了经济性状与壳体形态性状的多元回归方程．     

两种养殖模式下紫贻贝生长转折期形态性状对体重的影响效应

基于2012年12月至2013年6月间共7个航次对嵊泗枸杞岛后头湾海域贝藻混养区、贝类单养区紫贻贝的相关生物学指标进行测定,采用相关分析、通径分析和偏回归分析等方法研究了8月龄紫贻贝(生长转折期)两个养殖区紫贻贝表型性状对体重的不同影响效应。研究结果表明:转折期影响两种养殖模式下紫贻贝体重的关键表型性状有差异性,其中影响单养区紫贻贝体重的表型性状为SW(壳宽)和BC(壳后端最远点到壳背面最高点的距离),决定程度大小顺序呈SWBC。而影响贝藻混养区紫贻贝体重的表型性状为SW(壳宽)、OC(壳长),决定程度大小顺序呈OCSW。     

嵊山列岛贻贝养殖种类生长发育调查

嵊山列岛贻贝养殖种类有紫贻贝、厚壳贻贝，对其的贝壳生长、体重增长、性腺发育的调查研究结果表明：1．与紫贻贝相比，厚壳贻贝生长缓慢，体长4cm以前，很难区分雌雄，9cm以前大部分显示为雄性，少量雌性，长到10cm后雌性才明显显示；2．同样个体大小的贻贝，厚壳贻贝的体重要大于紫贻贝，前期紫贻贝壳长快，厚壳贻贝壳长慢，但相比之下，后者体重增加比前者快；3．厚壳贻贝不同年龄的长势对比表明，通常年龄越大，体积的生长递增率越小，如第2年体积递增率为91．48％，到第3年则下降到49．23％，体重的生长递增率也随年龄增大而下降，如第2年体重递增率为44．83％，到第3年则下降到21．43％。最后还就该养殖渔区出现的“杂交贻贝”情况进行了讨论。     

浙北沿海嫁Cellana toreuma(Reeve)年龄与生长的研究

根据 1996年至 1999年间浙北沿海逐月采集所得 2 573枚嫁盄可数可量性状测定资料进行年龄和生长的研究,结果表明 :本海区嫁盄的年轮形成周期为一年,年轮形成期主要在 1月份：壳长、壳高、壳宽与贝壳顶至壳后缘的最大距离成线性关系,其回归方程分别为： L=1.109 4R＋ 1.268 7(r=0.980 1),H=0.508 5R＋ 0.420 5(r=0.969 6),B=0.494 5R＋ 1.092(r=0.961 3);体重与贝体各维数间的最优方程为 W（干重） =0.166 4L0.98 12H0.608 2B1.495 9(r=0.990 6)。用单一维数来表示时 W与 L指数关系最佳 ,因此 ,实际应用时可采用 W′ (湿重 )=0.039 0L3.432 4(r=0.948 7),W（干重） =0.034 6L3.240 9（ r=0.966 9） ,G（干肉重） =0.004 1L3.231 4(r=0.974 2)。其生长可用 Logistic生长方程 Lt=6.149 2/（ 1＋ e2.135 4－ 0.081 36t） (r=0.983 2)拟合。其壳长生长曲线的拐点为 26.25月龄,其生长速度和加速度曲线能反映生长过程的变化特征。合理采捕的生物指标拟规定以采捕季节为 4至 6月份,贝体规格为壳长 3.781 3～ 4.013 4 cm为宜。     

浙北沿海嫁Cellana toreuma (Reeve)年龄与生长的研究

根据1996年至1999年间浙北沿海逐月采集所得2573枚嫁可数可量性状测定资料进行年龄和生长的研究,结果表明本海区嫁的年轮形成周期为一年,年轮形成期主要在1月份壳长、壳高、壳宽与贝壳顶至壳后缘的最大距离成线性关系,其回归方程分别为L=1.1094R+1.2687(r=0.9801),H=0.5085R+0.4205(r＝0.9696),B=0.4945R+1.092(r=0.9613);体重与贝体各维数间的最优方程为W(干重)＝0.1664L0.9812H0.6082B104959(r=0.9906).用单一维数来表示时W与L指数关系最佳,因此,实际应用时可采用W'1(湿重)＝0.0390L3.4324(r＝0.9487),W(干重)=0.0346L3.2409(r=0.9669),G(干肉重)=0.0041L3.3214(r=0.9742).其生长可用Logistic生长方程Lt=6.1492/(1+e2.1354-0.08136t)(r＝0.9832)拟合.其壳长生长曲线的拐点为26.25月龄,其生长速度和加速度曲线能反映生长过程的变化特征.合理采捕的生物指标拟规定以采捕季节为4至6月份,贝体规格为亮长3.7813～4.0134cm为宜.     

小荚蛏数量性状的相关分析

测量了小荚蛏壳长、壳宽、壳高等壳性状和活体重、软体部重等经济性状.分析表明,小荚蛏各性状的相关系数均达到极显著水平(P<0.01).壳长与壳高、壳长与壳宽、壳高与壳宽、体重与软体部重均呈线性相关;壳长与体重、软体部重呈幂函数相关.多元回归分析建立的壳长(SL)、壳高(SH)和壳宽(SW)、估计活体重(WB)和软体部重(WF)的回归方程为:WB=-2.43 0.07SL 0.21SW 0.06SH,WF=-1.09 0.04SL 0.13SW-0.01SH.     

温度和盐度对厚壳贻贝耗氧率的影响

采用实验生态学方法研究了温度和盐度对厚壳贻贝耗氧率(OR)的影响。根据厚壳贻贝的个体大小分为A、B、C 3组(壳长分别为5.72±0.18、7.12±0.14、8.40±0.19 cm,软体部干重分别为5.75±0.62、10.83±1.23、12.58±2.05 g),温度设10℃、16℃、22℃、28℃、34℃5个梯度,盐度设14、19、24、29、34共5个梯度。结果表明:(1)温度、个体大小对厚壳贻贝的耗氧率有显著影响(FF0.01),而温度和体重的交互作用对厚壳贻贝的耗氧率无显著影响(FF0.05)。温度范围为10~28℃时,3组厚壳贻贝的耗氧率随温度的升高而逐渐升高,当温度升至34℃时耗氧率下降。厚壳贻贝单位体重耗氧率(ORT)与软体部干重(W)之间的关系符合幂函数方程ORT=a1W-b1,其中a1值为0.90 29~1.374 2,平均值为1.151 3;b1值为0.275 8~0.8713,平均值为0.482 2。(2)盐度、个体大小以及二者的交互作用均对厚壳贻贝的耗氧率有显著影响(FF0.01)。盐度在14~29时,3组厚壳贻贝的耗氧率随盐度的升高而逐渐增加,当盐度升至34时耗氧率下降。厚壳贻贝单位耗氧率(ORS)与软体部干重(W)的关系可用回归方程表示为ORS=a2W-b2,a2值为0.533 9~1.487 3,平均值为0.971 6;b2值为0.307 8~0.566 9,平均值为0.431 7。     

波纹巴非蛤生物学性状及生态习性的初步观察

引进福建增殖海区采捕的波纹巴非蛤,共取样271颗个体,对其壳长、壳宽、壳高、体重、软组织湿重等进行了测定分析。同时在人控环境条件下,对其生态习性进行了初步观察。结果表明:波纹巴非蛤外型为平扁椭圆形,长度约为高度的2.9倍,长度约为宽度的1.7倍,其壳长、壳宽、壳高、体重、鲜肉重间都存在着线性相关;波纹巴非蛤适栖养于泥砂介质,其干露、湿露状态下的半致死时间分别出现在36～40 h和52～58 h,该蛤对酸碱度的变化不敏感,其盐度适应范围是24～36,其中以30～32为最适。     

浙北沿海嫁QiCellana toreuma（Reeve）年龄与生长的研究

根据1996年至1999年间浙北沿海逐月集集所得2573枚嫁Qi可数可量性状测定资料进行年龄和生长的研究，结果表明：本海区嫁Qi的年齿形成周期为一年，年轮形成期主要在1月份,壳长，壳高，壳宽与贝壳顶至壳后缘的最大距离成线性关系，其回归方程分别为L＝1.1094R 1.2687(r=0.9801),H=0.5805R 0.4205(r=0.9696),B=0.4945R 1.092(r=0.9613)，体重与贝体各维数间的最优议程为W（千重）＝0.1664L^0.98H^0.6082B^1.4959(r=0.9906), 用单一维数来表示时，W与L指数关系最佳，因此，实际应用进可采用W‘（湿重）＝0.0390L^3.4324(r=0.9487),W(干重）＝0.0346L^3.2409(r=0.9669),G（干肉重）＝0.0041L^3.2314(r=0.9742),其生长可用Logistic生长方程L＝6.1492/(1 e^2.1354-0.08136t),(r=0.9832)拟合，其壳长生长曲线的拐点点为26．25月龄，其生长速度和加速度曲线能反映生长过程的变化特征，合理采捕的生物指标拟规定以采捕季节为4至6月份，贝全规格为壳长3．7813－4．0134cm为宜。     

泥蚶数量性状的相关分析

测量了泥蚶壳长、壳宽、壳高等壳性状和活体重、软体部重等经济性状。分析表明，泥蚶各性状的相关系数均达到极显著水平(P＜0．01)。壳高与壳长、壳宽，壳长与壳宽，体重与软体部重呈线性相关；壳高与体重、软体部重呈幂函数相关。多元回归分析建立的壳长(SL)、壳高(SH)和壳宽(SW)估计体重(WB)和软体重(WF)的回归方程为：WB=-3．08 0．05 SL 0．67 SW-0．22 SH，WF=-1．04 0．04 SL 0．18 SW-0．07 SH。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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