Distribution of YAP in 10 populations of China

The Y-chromosome Alu polymorphism was studied in 10 populations in China. The Alu insertion is present in 54/571 individuals (9%). Among 10 populations, the frequency of YAP element is quite high (49%) in the Tibetans and at moderate or low levels (15%-4%) in the Yi, Hui and Uygur. The Alu insertion is absent in the Han in Guangdong and Shaanxi, and in the Manchu and Zhuang, while a single Tujia individual and a single Yao individual are found to have the Alu insertion.     

Nd∶YAP的偏振光谱性质的研究

提出一种简单的偏振光谱分析法,并考虑在各向异性激光晶体的色散关系情况下,测量并标定了a轴切割Nd∶YAP激光晶体在3个主要跃迁波段4F3/2→4I9/2,4F3/2→4I11/2和4F3/2→4I13/2的偏振受激发射截面光谱.该偏振光谱法简单易行,且精度高,所标定的结果可为激光器件的设计和理论分析提供重要的光谱数据.     

磷硫代siRNA的YAP基因沉默活性研究

为了探究RNA聚合酶酶促合成非对映体纯PS-siRNA（pPS-siRNA）的基因沉默活性,本研究针对潜在的癌症治疗靶点Yes相关蛋白（YAP）,通过qPCR、Western blot等方法研究了其对YAP基因的沉默效果和对HeLa细胞的细胞毒性. 结果表明,与未修饰的siRNA（PO-siRNA）相比,pPS-siRNA可以更好地下调YAP基因表达（效率提高约30％）,而没有明显的细胞毒性. 此外,MTT细胞增殖实验与流式细胞术的结果表明,经pPS-siRNA敲降YAP后,HeLa细胞的增殖受到了抑制. 说明pPS-siRNA在基因治疗方面具有优越性以及YAP作为肿瘤治疗靶点的潜力.     

Tm:YAP激光晶体的生长

采用提拉法生长了b轴TmYAP晶体,晶体尺寸为○(20～25)mm×(60～70)mm.针对部分晶体中存在的开裂、散射颗粒等宏观缺陷,分析讨论了其成因并提出了改进措施.对晶体吸收光谱和荧光光谱的测定结果表明,晶体的吸收峰位于694和795 nm,荧光谱峰值在2.01 μm附近.     

Nd:YAP激光晶体偏振光谱的测量与分析

从分析NdYAP和NdYAG两种激光晶体的优缺点入手,指出前者的各向异性能够提供许多特殊的用途,讨论了它的能级和光谱特性,详细介绍了该晶体偏振吸收谱、偏振受激发射截面谱和荧光寿命的测量方法,并给出了两块沿a轴切割的NdYAP晶体的测量结果和分析.这些分析与测量反映了NdYAP晶体各向异性的特性优势,将使其在固体激光器应用领域可以成为传统NdYAG晶体很有潜力的替代者.     

BBO晶体对皮秒YAP和YAG激光的腔内倍频

以ＢＢＯ晶体作为腔内倍频元件，研究带抗共振环对撞脉冲锁模Ｎｄ；ＹＡＰ和Ｎｄ：ＹＡＧ激光器的腔内倍频效应，在两种激光器中分别获得基波脉宽８ｐｓ和１０ｐｓ，倍频能量转换继７０．０％和６３．６％。理论分析和实验结果相吻合。     

闪光灯泵浦1300 nm波段Nd3+:YAG和Nd3+:YAP脉冲激光器的比较研究

描述了闪光灯泵浦1300 nm Nd3+YAG和Nd3+YAP脉冲激光器的比较研究,并给出和分析了这二种脉冲激光器的输出能量、效率等实验结果.     

Role of the HTLV-III/LAV envelope in syncytium formation and cytopathicity

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is characterized by marked depletion of the T4+ helper subset of T cells. The aetiological agent of the disease, the human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III)/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV), specifically kills T4+ cells in vitro. Part of this specificity for the T4+ population residues in the relative efficiency with which HTLV-III infects these cells, as a result of a specific interaction between the T4 molecule and the virus envelope glycoprotein. In addition, the cytotoxic consequences of HTLV-III replication are dependent on cell type, as certain lymphoid and myeloid cells can be productively infected without notable cytopathic effect. Here we investigate the basis for the specific cytotoxicity of the virus, and report that high-level expression of the HTLV-III envelope gene induces syncytia and concomitant cell death in T4+ cell lines but not in a B-lymphocyte line. Syncytium formation depends on the interaction of envelope-expressing cells with neighbouring cells bearing surface T4 molecules. These results explain, at least in part, the specific cytopathic effect of HTLV-III infections.     

细胞自噬对拟南芥种子萌发的影响

自噬在植物生长发育过程发挥着至关重要的作用,但是植物中自噬与种子萌发的关系尚不明确。为了探究自噬对种子萌发的影响,通过基因表达检测、蛋白免疫印迹实验和种子萌发速率比较,分析了细胞自噬对拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)种子萌发的影响。研究结果表明细胞自噬在植物种子萌发过程中发挥重要作用:(1)自噬基因的表达在种子萌发过程中明显上调,且ATG8蛋白在种子萌发过程中逐渐积累,表明种子萌发过程中细胞自噬被激活;(2)细胞自噬抑制剂3-methyladenine (3-MA)能够显著地抑制拟南芥野生型种子的萌发,拟南芥自噬突变体种子的萌发速度比野生型种子的慢,表明细胞自噬途径在种子萌发过程中发挥正向调控作用但不是种子萌发所必需的。     

Role of support in photothermal carbon dioxide hydrogenation catalysed by Ni/CexTiyO2

Nickel was supported on varied ratios of ceria-titania mixed oxides(Ni/Ce_xTi_yO_2) to evaluate the role the support plays in photothermal carbon dioxide hydrogenation to produce methane. In a batch photothermal reactor system, Ni/CeO_2 achieved the highest conversion rate, reaching a conversion of 93% in approximately60–90 min. To decouple the influence of light and heat, the CO_2 hydrogenation was examined in an in-house designed photothermal reactor, whereby heat can be applied externally. Decoupling experiments revealed that heat from the thermalisation by light was the main driving force for the reaction. In addition, the conversion and temperature profile of the different catalysts revealed that the catalyst performance was governed by catalyst reducibility. H_2-TPR analyses showed that the Ni became more readily reducible with increasing Ce O_2 content,suggesting that the oxide plays a role in activating the Ni. The reduction temperature of the nickel catalyst(following a reduction and passivation process) was below 200 °C, which meant that the inherent heating temperature of the photothermal reactor was sufficient to initiate Ni/CexTiyO_2 catalyst activity. The exothermic methanation reaction was then able to heat the system further, ultimately reaching a temperature of 285 °C. The ancillary rise in temperature promotes further nickel reduction and methane formation, leading to a "snow-ball"effect. The findings demonstrate that, to achieve a "snow-ball" effect in a photothermal system, designing a catalyst which is easy to reduce, active for CO_2 hydrogenation, and capable of converting light to heat for its initial activation is critical.     

Role of FGF-2／FGFR signaling pathway in cancer and its signification in breast cancer

Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) is a member of a large family of proteins that bind heparin and heparan sulfate and modulate the function of a wide range of cell types. It has been proved that FGF-2 stimulates the growth and development of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) that contribute to the pathogenesis of several diseases (i.e. cancer, atherosclerosis). However, many of the biological activities of FGF-2 have been found to depend on its receptor抯 intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity and second messengers such as the mitogen activated protein kinases. This review will focus on the mechanism of FGF-2/FGFR induced signaling pathway in tumor and human breast cancer.     

标记主位在诗歌文本中的文体功能及英汉翻译对策

作为一种信息重组的重要手段，标记主住通过对语言常规的偏离，在诗歌文本中可以产生特殊的文体效果，如促成语义前景化、实现篇章音乐美等。英汉诗歌翻译中既要正确理解标记主位展示的文体效果，把握诗歌神韵，力争做到形神兼顾，实现文体功能对等，又要灵活处理，注意英汉表这习惯的差异，对原语信息的传递以不超出译语读者能够接受的限度为准。     

血栓素A2在抗原引起气道嗜酸性粒细胞浸润中的作用

为观察血栓素Ａ２（ＴＸＡ２）合成酶抑制剂ＯＫＹ－０４６及ＴＸＡ２受体拮抗剂Ｓ－１４５２对嗜酸性粒细胞（ＥＯＳ）浸润气道的影响,探讨ＴＸＡ２在ＥＯＳ浸润过程的作用,应用鸡卵白蛋白（ＯＶＡ）致敏和反复雾化吸入刺激小鼠以复制过敏性气道炎症模型。除对照组外,各实验组小鼠于每天ＯＶＡ刺激前分别给予不同剂量ＯＫＹ－０４６或Ｓ－１４５２腹腔注射,计数支气管肺泡灌洗液（ＢＡＬＦ）中ＥＯＳ数量并测定ＢＡＬＦ中ＴＸＢ２和６－酮－前列腺素Ｆ１α（６－Ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α）水平。结果,致敏小鼠给予ＯＶＡ刺激后ＢＡＬＦ中ＥＯＳ数,ＴＸＢ２和６－Ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α水平均显著升高,当以ＯＫＹ－０４６或Ｓ－１４５２处理后,ＢＡＬＦ中的ＥＯＳ明显减小,并呈剂量相关性,而且ＯＫＹ－０４６尚能引起ＴＸＢ２水平呈剂量相关性降低。表明,ＴＸＡ２对于ＥＯＳ浸润到呼吸道具有明显的趋化作用,其合成酶抑制剂或受体拮抗剂对于临床治疗哮喘者可能会具有重要的价值。     

如何发挥举报在反腐败中的作用

举报是宪法赋予公民的权利,举报在反腐败工作中发挥着重要作用,检察机关查办案件大量线索都来源于群众举报,但现实情况下存在着不敢实名举报等许多令人担忧的问题,造成这一现状的主要原因是害怕打击报复。针对这些问题,作者提出要给举报人以实质性的保护,采取和推广网上举报等举措,以更好地发挥举报在反腐败中的作用。     

直觉在艺术中的作用

直觉是人类感知世界的能方和方式，是深层思维的一种形式，直觉感受因人而异。重直觉是中国传统思维方式的重要特点之一。本文仅从直觉在艺术中的作用展开说明。直觉能引发灵感，直觉在对艺术形式的把握、艺术欣赏方面都有不可估量的作用。     

（RE）BaCuO／Ag Composites： The Role of Silver in Bulk Materials and Joints

We have investigated the phase equilibria in (RE)BaCuO/Ag systems, the influence of Ag on the processing of (RE)BaCuO/Ag composites and the resulting properties. YBaCuO/Ag composites have been grown by the modified melt crystallization process with YBa2Cu3O7, Y2O3, Pt and Ag2O in the precursor. The improved strength of the YBaCuO/Ag composites compared with the conventional YBaCuO bulk material permitted us to magnetize these materials to achieve trapped fields up to 16 T (at 24 K) in the gap of a mini-magnet. The investigation of the microstructure revealed a remarkable increase of the spacing between micro-cracks especially of those perpendicular to a/b-planes when 12wt% Ag was added. In the case of SmBaCuO/Ag composites, Ag has a strong influence on processing and causes interactions between RE123 seeds and the sample. We show the growth of single-grain SmBaCuO/Ag composites in air and discuss the influence of post-annealing on increasing Tc and Jc. Furthermore, YBaCuO/Ag composites have been shown to be appropriate materials used as a solder to join large single grains to large arrays or to “repair” grain boundaries in arrays grown by a multiseeding technique.     

Role of Information Technology in Manufacturing

Manufacturing of a product is constituted of the va ri ous attributes such as quality, cost, performance, and time to market. Manufactu ring can also be understood as the entire product realization process, from spec ification through design and production to marketing and distribution. The induc tion of Information Technology (IT) in manufacturing includes the hardware that computes and communicates, the software that provides data, knowledge, and infor mation while at the same time controlling the hardwa...     

Role of gamma-interferon in antibody-producing responses

Interferon preparations, especially those containing gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma), have long been known to modulate immune responses. However, because many studies used only partially purified interferons, it has been difficult to separate the immunoregulatory effects of the interferons from those of other biologically active molecules contaminating the preparations. Recently, with the cloning of the interferon genes in mouse and man, it has become possible to use these cloned interferons directly to test their effects in assays other than those involving the protection of cells from viruses. For example, cloned IFN-gamma has been shown to be a potent inducer of Ia antigen expression on macrophages. Similarly, cloned IFN-gamma has been reported to act as a macrophage activation factors, as judged by the ability of activated macrophages to kill tumour cells in vitro. We demonstrate here that cloned murine IFN-gamma can also substitute for a late-acting helper factor which acts synergistically with other helper factors in the stimulation of B-cell antibody responses in vitro.