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1.
Gases in the marine boundary layer in Fildes Peninsula, maritime Antarctica were sampled and analyzed for the first time. Sampling sites included areas covered by moss and lichen growth, penguin colonies and an area where scientific research stations are located. A total of 211 samples were analyzed for N2O concentrations, with an average of (321.33±3.07) nL/L. This is above the global average value of 314 nL/L. It is found that the N2O concentrations evidently increase during the summer months. Concentrations around the research stations are higher than at remote areas, indicating a potential source from human activities on the island. N2O concentrations at a large penguin colony on Barton Peninsula are the highest among the sampled areas. This may explain why N2O concentrations in Fildes Peninsula are higher than the global average. Our preliminary conclusions are that human activities and emissions from penguin dropping-amended soil and vegetation soil constitute the major sources of N2O in the maritime Antarctic atmosphere. 相似文献
2.
ZHAO Ye 《自然科学进展(英文版)》2004,14(8):713-715
A detailed record of sea level changes during the last 2500 years is preserved in the northernwest coast of Fildes Peninsula in Antarctica. Fourteen marine alga layers were deposited in the beach with an altitude of 2.80 m, and one diatom layer deposited in the ancient lake on the terrace with an altitude of 6.84 m. A radiocarbon age of 695±70 aBP was obtained for the modern marine alga, and the age was used in correction for the carbon reservoir effect of the marine alga. Sea level fell 4.98 m from the 4th century B.C. to the early 13th century, at an average of -0.31 cm/a, then rose about 0.78 m during the early 13th to the middle 18th century, at an average of 0.14 cm/a. It has risen about 0.16 m since the middle 18th century, at an average of 0.07 cm/a. 相似文献
3.
Determination of dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls in soil and moss from Fildes Peninsula,Antarctica 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) are a class of toxic and persistent chemicals that are often found in the environment.The determination of dioxin-like PCBs in Fildes Peninsula,Antarctica,is reported in this paper.Dioxin-like PCBs were widely distributed in Antarctic soil and moss with concentration of 2.23-27.2 pg/g in soil and 10.4-812 pg/g in moss.The highest concentrations were found in the Ardley Island area and the lowest concentrations on the west coast.The contribution of PCB-118 to the ∑12PCBs ranged from 36.0% to 69.6% in soil,and 17.2% to 43.4% in moss.The congener specific patterns in soil and moss were similar.Long-range atmospheric transport is thought to be the main source of PCBs detected on King George Island.The ∑12PCBs toxic equivalent(TEQ) in soil was 0.400×10?3 to 516×10?3 pg(TEQ)/g with a mean value of 147×10?3 pg(TEQ)/g.PCB-126 had the largest contribution(81.1%) to the ∑12PCBs TEQ in soil.The ∑12PCBs TEQ in moss ranged from 2.90×10?3 to 1.19 pg/g with a mean value of 0.482 pg/g.PCB-126 was also the largest contributor(91.4%) to the ∑12PCBs TEQ in moss.The mean TEQ in moss was about 40 times that in soil. 相似文献
4.
Based on the radiocarbon data of the moss peat banks in Fildes Peninsula, Antarctica, it was calculated that the mean rates
of peat accumulation in the upper layer and the lower layer are 0.195 and 0.069 4 mm · a™1 respectively. Based on the radiocarbon date (3 265 ± 120 aBP) and the mean rate of peat accumulation in the lower peat layer,
it was calculated that the age of the coast terrace on which the moss peat bank occurs is earlier than 4 300 aBP. During the
past 4 300 years the coast terrace has risen about 18 m without apparently being destroyed, and the age of the glacier retreating
process in this area is also earlier than 4 300 aBP. 相似文献
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Molecular organic geochemical peculiarities of lacustrine core sediments in Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The peculiarities of lipids in lacustrine core sediments from Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica, are reported. The origin of high-molecular-weight n-alkanes, alkenes,fatty acids, alcohols is supposed to be related to the abundant moss occurring in the sediments.Abundant iso-and anteiso-fatty acids that occur in the sediments indicate a relatively strong bacterial activity in non-ice-cover zone than in other regions in Antarctica. The C18:2 unsaturated fatty acids mainly originate from autochthonous algae in the sediment pool, and the C18:2/C18:0ratios in the profile are controlled more by paleotemperatures than source assemblies. Long-chain alkenones were identified in freshwater lacustrine sediment in Antarctica for the first time, of which Prymnesiophyceae is assumed to be the source organism. High relative abundance of C37:4honologue in long-chain alkenone well correlates to the severely cold climate in Antarctica. 相似文献
8.
The system Al2O3-B2O3-Ce2O3, with Al/B ratio varying from 4.5 to 2 and Ce/(Al+B) = 0.02, has been prepared at the temperature from 1 200 to 1 400°C.
Relationship between luminescence and matrices in the system Al2O3-B2O3-Ce2O3 was investigated. It was found that some changes of the matrices occurred with Al/B ratio varying from 4.5 to 2. These results
lead to a great change in luminescence properties, indicating variation of Ce-surroundings of crystal field. With the decrease
of the ratio from 3 to 2, the excitation and emission peaks shift to shorter wavelengths. It was also found that a new type
of rare earth luminescent materials was obtained with appropriate Al/B ratio. 相似文献
9.
在南极苔原 ,首次系统地研究了近地面CO2 、CH4、N2 O浓度及通量的相互关系 ,结果表明 :天气条件对三种温室气体浓度日变化影响较大 ;在天气较晴稳及雪天条件下 ,CO2 与CH4、N2 O浓度日变化存在明显的消长关系 ;而在雨天这三种气体浓度日变化趋势基本一致 ;整个夏季CO2 与CH4浓度变化趋势基本一致 ,而N2 O却与二者浓度的变化趋势相反 ;另外 ,在雨、雪天气条件下CH4、N2 O通量日变化存在消长关系 ,整个夏季二者的通量变化也存在明显的消长关系 ;南极苔原土壤对CH4主要起着汇的作用 ,对N2 O主要起着源的作用 .此外 ,CO2 浓度变化对苔原CH4通量有较大影响 ,CO2 浓度增加会适当减缓CH4汇的作用 ,甚至使南极苔原由CH4的汇变为源 相似文献
10.
Based on the long-term monitoring data on CO2 concentration, variation trend and characteristics of CO2 background concentration in the atmosphere over the Chinese mainland are analyzed. Results show that the increasing trend
of CO2 background concentration in the atmosphere over the Chinese mainland has appeared during the period of 1991–2000. The average
annual CO2 growth increment is 1.59 μL/L, and the average annual CO2 growth rate is 0.44%. Distinct seasonal variations of CO2 background concentration are observed, and the averaged amplitude of CO2 seasonal variations is 10.35 μL/L. Regional variation characteristics of CO2 background concentration in the atmosphere and possible impact of human activities on these variations over the Chinese mainland
are discussed as well. 相似文献
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采用溶胶-凝胶法制备(CoFe2O4)x/(SiO2)1-x纳米复合材料. 利用X射线衍射(XRD)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)研究样品结构、 晶粒尺寸及磁性. 结果表明, 随SiO2含量增加, 样品的晶粒尺寸减小, 比饱和磁化强度和矫顽力降低. 相似文献
13.
H2S-rich gas in carbonate reservoirs is usually attributed to thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR). In this paper, thermal simulation experiments on the reaction system of CH4-MgSO4-H2O were carried out using autoclave at 425℃--525℃. The threshold temperature for initiating TSR is much lower than our previous studies (550℃). Properties of the reaction products were analyzed by microcoulometry, gas-chromatography (GC), Fourier transform-infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. Thermodynamics and reaction kinetics of TSR processes were investigated on the basis of the experimental data. The results show that thermochemical reduction of magnesium sulfate with methane can proceed spontaneously to produce magnesium oxide, hydrogen sulfur, and carbon dioxide as the main products, and high temperature is thermodynamically favorable to the reaction. Ac- cording to the reaction model, the calculated activation energy of TSR is 101.894 kJ/mol, which is lower than that by most previous studies. Mg^2+ may have played a role of catalytic action in the process of TSR. The elementary steps of TSR and reaction mechanism were discussed tentatively. The study can provide important information on the explanation of geochemical depth limit for natural gas and on the generation of high H2S gas in deep carbonates reservoirs. 相似文献
14.
Using (Ti(OC4H9)4) and metal chlorates as starting materials, CoFe2O4/TiO2 composite films were prepared by sol-gel method. The effects of heat treatment temperature and pH of the precursor on microstructure and magnetic properties were studied. The phase structure of the samples was examined by X-ray diffraction. The microstructure was examined by scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscope and polarized microscope. The magnetic property was measured by vibrating sample magnetometer. The results show that the crystals of different phases grow up independently. CoFe2O4 is uniformly embedded into the TiO2 matrix in the prepared composite films, and the growth of composite films is dependent on the heat treatment temperatures and PH of the precursor. The average size of CoFe2O4 crystal is 19 nm in Nanocomposite film prepared when the heat treatment temperature is 800℃ and the pH of the precursor is between 2 and 3. The magnetism of the composite films is enhanced as the heat treatment temperature increases. 相似文献
15.
Conclusions With the substitution of Y for Ca in BSCYCO system, both the hole concentration and structure parameters change. The superconductor-nonsuperconductor
transition at xc = 0.4 is more sensitive to the structure transformation than the variation in the hole concentration.
Microanalysis reveals an inhomogeneous substitution of Y for Ca. So a much sharper drop of T, is expected at transition point
by ideal monophase samples of BSCYCO.
A ratio of lattice constants c / o. 5 (a + b) is found to be a very good parameter of describing the SC-AF transition of ISCYCO,
reflecting the degree of the localization of Cu-3d electrons on the CuOz plane. 相似文献
16.
Xiaolong Huang Rucheng Wang Changshi Liu Lin Yin Xiaorning Chen Peirong Chen 《科学通报(英文版)》1999,44(13):1245-1245
The P2O5 contents of feldspars in the Yashan F-rich and P-rich granite yield a maximum value of 0.93% (In albite) and a maximum average
value of 0.65% (hereinafter weight percent) (in K-feldspar), and is generally between 0.10% and 0.35%. Most of the distribution
coefficient Dp[Ab/Kt] values are greater than 1(1.13–28.9). The study shows that phosphorus could preferably enter the albite structure mainly
by PAISi2 substitution relative to K-feldspar. 相似文献
17.
Weiwei Xu Gandong Zhou Wenlei Shan Lixing You Senzu Yang Zhengming Ji Yijun Feng Qiheng Cheng Peiheng Wu 《科学通报(英文版)》1999,44(13):1191-1191
Using intrinsic Josephson junctions in Ba2Sr2CaCu2O8+x single crystal, harmonic frequency mixing at 8 and 3 mm wavebands was successfully demonstrated at liquid nitrogen temperatures
with harmonic numbers up to 68 and 50 respectively. The dependences of intermediate frequency output on the local oscillator
power and dc bias were carefully studied. 相似文献
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The interactions between NO, O2 and their mixture on BaAl2O4, as well as the reaction of NOx with soot in the presence of O2, have been investigated using Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (DRIFTS). NO adsorption produces only nitrites species in the absence of O2. NO2 adsorption produces nitrates species besides nitrites species. The produced nitrites will further react with O2, Osurf^-. and Olattice^2- to form nitrates. The reaction of NOx with soot begins with the reaction of nitrates with soot oxygenated complex (C(O)), which is regarded as the key and rate determining step. A reaction pathway is proposed for the catalyzed reaction of NOx with soot in the presence of O2. 相似文献
20.
Fractal geometry was applied and box dimension was used as an indicator to analyze the effects of doubled CO2 concentration on the root growth of plant seedlings. Results showed that doubled CO2 concentration displayed different effects on root branching characteristics of C3 and C4 plants. There was an obvious increase of root branches in spring wheat while there were no significant effects on roots of
sweet sorghum. In different soil layers, root branching of spring wheat was stimulated and this promotion was most significant
in the second layer (10–20 cm), which denoted that elevated CO2 altered the root branching pattern. That means higher CO2 concentration influences not only root growth but also its differentiation and development. 相似文献