Progress in phototaxis mechanism research and micromanipulatlon techniques of algae cells

Pholotaclic movement is a characteristic of some microorganisms' response to light environment. Most of the algae have dramatically phototactic responses, underlying the complicated biological, physical and photochemical mechanisms are involved. With the development of the micro/nano and sensor techniques, great progress has been made in the research of the algae phototaxis. This review article summarizes the progress made in the research on the functional phototactic structures, the mechanisms of photo-response process and photodynamics of phototaxis in algae, and describes the latest developed micro-tracking technique and micromanipulation technique. Moreover, based on our own research results, the potential correlation between the phototaxis and photosynthesis is discussed, and the directions for future research of the phototactic mechanism are proposed.     

Progress in phototaxis mechanism research and micromanipulation techniques of algae cells

Phototactic movement is a characteristic of some microorganisms' response to light environment. Most of the algae have dramatically phototactic responses, underlying the complicated biological, physical and photochemical mechanisms are involved. With the development of the micro/nano and sensor techniques, great progress has been made in the research of the algae phototaxis. This review article summarizes the progress made in the research on the functional phototactic structures, the mechanisms of photo-response process and photodynamics of phototaxis in algae, and describes the latest developed micro-tracking technique and micromanipulation technique. Moreover, based on our own research results, the potential correlation between the phototaxis and photosynthesis is discussed, and the directions for future research of the phototactic mechanism are proposed.     

DnaJ-like protein gene sll1384 is involved in phototaxis in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803

In Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, gene sll1384 encodes a protein with a DnaJ domain at its N-terminal portion and a TPR domain at the C-terminal portion. An sll1384 mutant shows no difference from the wild type in adaptation to different temperatures, but almost completely loses its capability of phototactic movement. After complementation with sll1384, the mutant regains the phototaxis. As shown with electron microscopy, on the cell surface, mutant cells have pill that appear to be the same as that of the wild type. Also, the transformation efficiency remains unchanged in the mutant. It is postulated that Sll1384 regulates phototaxis of Synechocystis through protein-protein interaction. It is the first DnaJ-like protein gene identified in a cyanobacterium for a role in phototaxis.     

Cell cycle and cell signal transduction in marine phytoplankton

tAs unicellular phytoplankton, the growth of a marine phytoplankton population results directly from the completion of a cell cycle, therefore, cell-environment communication is an important way which involves signal transduction pathways to regulate cell cycle progression and contribute to growth, metabolism and primary production and respond to their surrounding environment in marine phytoplankton. Cyclin-CDK and CaM/Ca²⁺ are essentially key regulators in control of cell cycle and signal transduction pathway, which has important values on both basic research and applied biotechnology. This paper reviews progress made in this research field, which involves the identification and characterization of cyclins and cell signal transduction system, cell cycle-control mechanisms in marine phytoplankton cells, cell cycle proteins as a marker of a terminal event to estimate the growth rate of phytoplankton at the species level, cell cycle-dependent toxin production of toxic algae and cell cycle progression regulated by environmental factors.     

中国淡水红藻研究进展

淡水红藻是藻类植物进化中的一个重要类群.文章综述了淡水红藻的主要特征,回顾了其研究历史和我国淡水红藻的研究进展,包括区系分类、系统发育、生理生态等方面.同时,也对我国该领域今后研究的发展方向做了展望.     

Bcl-6对滤泡辅助性T细胞的调控作用及机制进展

Bcl-6是滤泡辅助性T细胞(Tfh)的亚群决定转录因子，在Tfh细胞分化和功能调节过程中发挥关键作用.Bcl-6调控Tfh细胞的分子机制及其受到的精密分子调控受到广泛研究，近年来已取得了一定的进展.该文回顾了Bcl-6被鉴定为Tfh细胞亚群转录决定因子的研究历程，总结Bcl-6在Tfh细胞中的功能，综述Tfh细胞调控Bcl-6表达机制的研究进展，并对Bcl-6研究中的潜在问题和未来研究方向进行了展望.     

酒西拗陷下白垩统藻纹层发育环境及形成机制

酒西拗陷下白垩统纹层状泥质白云岩和白云质泥岩中藻纹层十分发育,主要由浮游藻类及其降解产物组成。藻纹层发育状况在很大程度上决定了该区下白垩统烃源岩生烃能力的大小,这也是烃源岩呈现出较强非均质性的一个重要原因。对酒西拗陷下白垩统藻纹层的发育条件及保存环境进行了研究,并对其形成机制进行了探讨。研究结果表明,早白垩世,酒西拗陷断陷湖盆水体广泛,适宜的温度、盐度等介质条件有利于藻类的大量繁殖,而水体分层的强还原环境对有机质的保存较为有利。湖泊水体的季节性更替及其引起的水体分层是该区藻纹层形成的重要原因。     

碳达峰与碳中和背景下蓝碳开发价值、理论与建议探讨

对蓝碳与海洋碳汇概念混用的问题进行了辨析分析,综述了国内外蓝碳的相关研究进展,运用CiteSpace文献计量方法梳理出蓝碳研究的脉络与趋势,阐述了蓝碳的生态系统服务功能,通过生态学、经济学等跨学科视角对蓝碳开发进行了理论分析。针对碳达峰与碳中和背景下如何更好地进行蓝碳开发提出了三方面的建议,包括:加强理论研究与技术创新、加快推进多主体协同治理、加深市场化机制培育力度等。     

高层建筑横风向风效应研究综述

高层建筑的横风向荷载及响应问题非常复杂,它与来流紊流、尾流和气动反馈3个方面的激励有关.虽然研究人员关注这一问题已有30多年,但迄今为止还没有形成被广泛采用的成熟的分析理论和方法,许多国家的规范中尚无相关的规定.国内外高层建筑横风向风效应研究成果主要分为3部分:横风向气动力的确定,横风向气动阻尼的识别和横风向等效静力风荷载的计算方法.风洞试验技术、数据拟合技术、参数识别技术是确定高层建筑横风向风效应的主要手段.通过分析国内外研究手段和方法的现状及优缺点,针对高层建筑横风向响应研究中存在的问题和不足,提出了应该关注的重点:高层建筑外形的复杂变化对气动力的影响、高层建筑横风向气动阻尼的识别方法以及形成机理和影响因素、等效静力风荷载计算方法和复杂形体超高层建筑顺、横、扭3种风荷载分量的耦合问题.     

材料的微生物腐蚀破坏机制研究进展

一般地，各类微生物如细菌，藻类，真菌和地衣都能够通过其代谢的中间和最终产物的排泄或酶的途径来侵蚀破坏材料，由微生物引起的材料腐蚀破坏机制十分复杂，形式多样，综合评述了国外在这一领域的一些研究进展。     

基于取向性的内发动机

针对智能机器人的行为认知问题,提出一种基于取向性的内发动机,主要涉及学习评价机制以及感觉运动协调机制.采用该模型构建桌面机器人运动神经认知系统,实现桌面机器人类似于生物负趋光行为的学习和认知过程.仿真实验结果表明了该方法的有效性.     

2017年土壤重金属污染与修复研究热点回眸

 土壤污染关系着生态环境质量、农产品安全及人体健康,土壤重金属污染与修复是社会发展所赋予的重要研究课题。本文遴选2017年度在重金属污染的来源时空解析、监测和风险评估、过程和形态转化、植物修复机制、植物修复强化调控措施、稳定化修复、修复措施对土壤生物与化学性质影响、重金属污染土壤安全利用等方面的研究进展进行盘点。     

Sleep is of the brain, by the brain and for the brain

Sleep is a widespread biological phenomenon, and its scientific study is proceeding at multiple levels at the same time. Marked progress is being made in answering three fundamental questions: what is sleep, what are its mechanisms and what are its functions? The most salient answers to these questions have resulted from applying new techniques from basic and applied neuroscience research. The study of sleep is also shedding light on our understanding of consciousness, which undergoes alteration in parallel with sleep-induced changes in the brain.     

异位化学淋洗修复石油类污染土壤

对异位化学淋洗修复石油类污染土壤的新技术做了较为全面的概述,介绍了异位化学淋洗的工艺特性,着重评述了异位化学淋洗的作用机理、淋洗试剂选配和影响因素,指出了异位化学淋洗修复石油类污染土壤时存在的问题和技术难点,并对其研究和应用前景做了展望。     

砷剂抗肿瘤作用分子机制研究进展

近年来，国内外对砷剂与肿瘤的研究发展很快．研究发现砷剂抗肿瘤作用的分子机制可能包括：(1)诱导细胞分化；(2)细胞周期阻滞；(3)直接损伤DNA；(4)诱导细胞凋亡．其中主要是通过诱导凋亡实现抗肿瘤作用。     

机械合金化的研究进展

机械合金化(MA),作为制备合金粉末的一种高新技术,使过去用传统熔炼工艺难以实现的某些物质的合金化和远离热力学平衡的准稳态、非平衡态及新物质的合成成为可能.MA技术引起了材料科学界的广泛关注.综述了近年来机械合金化在理论模型和固态反应方面的研究情况,详细介绍了MA技术在制备弥散强化合金、金属间化合物、功能材料和亚稳材料(包括非晶、准晶、过饱和固溶体、纳米晶等)中的应用进展,展望了机械合金化的发展趋势.     

含油微藻净化废水耦合生产生物柴油原料的关键技术研究进展

利用废水培养含油微藻,在净化废水的同时可以耦合生产生物柴油原料,已成为废水处理领域的研究热点。立足于耦合系统的关键技术环节,综述了近年来在优势藻种的筛选、微藻的优化培养以及微藻体的采收等方面的研究进展,并对存在的问题及今后的研究方向提出了初步见解。     

冷适应微生物的研究现状与应用前景

目的：探讨冷适应微生物研究现状及未来的应用前景。方法：收集有关冷适应微生物的国内外近期研究资料并加以综合归纳。结果：近年来国内外对冷适应微生物的冷适应机制研究和应用范围的拓展均取得了可喜成绩。结论：对冷适应微生物的深入研究具有重要的理论意义和工业应用价值,前景诱人。