Further morphological and biochemical studies on normal and hybrid embryos of sea urchins

Zusammenfassung (1) Es wurde bei den SeeigelartenParacentrotus ,Arbacia undSphaerechinus sowie den drei BastardenPar ×Arb ,Arb ×Par undPar ×Sphaer für eine Reihe von Entwicklungsstadien die Anzahl der Kerne pro Keim bestimmt (Tabelle). Der morphogenetischen Hemmung der Bastarde entsprechen herabgesetzte Kernzahlen und parallel eine Herabsetzung der DNS-Synthese. (2) Es wurde bei den genannten reinen Arten und den Bastarden derUmsatz der RNS bestimmt. Er geht in allen Fällen, bei den reinen Arten wie bei den Bastarden, der DNS- Synthese parallel.

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Our work was supported by a grant from the Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung. We express our sincere thanks to the Nationalfonds and also to the authorities at the Zoological Station at Naples for generous help and supply of materials and facilities. — This paper is thankfully dedicated byF. Baltzer toF. E. Lehmann for his kind hospitality in the Bernese Institute.     

Cytogénétique desLeggada: (1) La formule chromosomique deMus (Leggada)bufo Th., (2) Nouvelles données sur la délétion portant sur le bras court d'unX chezMus (Leggada)triton Th

Summary The author treats 2 topics connected with his studies on the cytogenetics of the African pigmy-mice. (1)Mus (Leggada) bufo Th. shows the primitive complement already detected in other species or subspecies (minutoides ssp ₁,indutus, tenellus, setulosus): 2N=36,N.F.=36, sex chromosomesPR. (2) The deletion of the short arm of oneX-chromosome (X _dc ) was previously observed as heterozygous mutation by 4 in a sample of 7 and 5 . A more important sample (18 , 21 ) gives the following results: 11 X-X, 10 X-X _dc , 18 X-Y. The occurrence of X _dc -X _dc and of X _dc -Y is also very improbable. It is not easy to understand how the chromosomeX _dc may persist in the population if the complementsX _dc -X _dc andX _dc -Y are lethal, which seems to result from these observations.     

Chromosomal polymorphism in the guinea-pig,Cavia porcellus

Zusammenfassung Bei der karyologischen Analyse von Metaphasen in Knochenmark, Cornea und andern Geweben des indischen Meerschweinchens,Cavia porcellus (7 , 3 ) wurde festgestellt, dass drei männliche Individuen in einem autosomalen Chromosom heterozygot waren. Das Chromosom wird als Marker III bezeichnet.     

Unkreaktion mit Befreiungsruf beim Weibchen der KreuzkröteBufo calamita

Summary The release call which is uttered by Bufo in connection with specific movements can also be evoked in the ofBufo calamita. This is indicative of homology of the male release call and the usually silent release movements of the .

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Mit Unterstützung des Schweizerischen Nationalfonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung.     

Extreme chromosomal polymorphism in a coccinellid beetle

Zusammenfassung Von drei vonChilocorus stigma wies ein Tier eine (A), eines zwei (A, B) und das dritte drei (A, B, C) zentrische Fusionen auf; 2n war 26, 25 und 24. Beim mit 2n = 24 sind mindestens zwei Bivalente heterozygot. Abgesehen vom Unterschied der Geschlechtschromosomen (XX: XO) sind daher 243 verschiedene chromosomale Typen möglich. 2n wird von 21 () zu 28 () variieren. Weitere Fusionen bei den Chromosomen der heterozygoten Paare würden zu 2n = 19 führen, während sich nach andern Fusions-Kombinationen Ringkomplexe bilden müssten.     

Über die Zytologie der Parthenogenese und der Geschlechtsbestimmung bei der GallmückeOligarces paradoxus Mein

Summary InOligarces paradoxus, the chromosomal behaviour was compared during pedogenetic development of and . The -egg undergoes a single non-reductional maturation division, the -egg shows two divisions which result in reduced nuclei. After maturation in the -egg, the number of chromosomes is restored by endomitosis. The nuclei of germ-line cells contain a high number of chromosomes (: 74\2-82; : at least 58) in both sexes. In somatic nuclei, the number is diminished by elimination to 10 in , to 5 in .     

Funktion der Spermien in inkompatiblen Kreuzungen der StechmückeCulex pipiens L.

Summary After irradiating males of the incompatible crossC. pipiens Hamburg ×C. pipiens Paris with X-ray doses between 1 kR and 40 kR, it could be shown that in this cross the sperm has only the function of activating the egg. All the hybrid embryos develop from the haploid female pronucleus.Herrn Professor Dr.H. Laven danke ich für Unterstützung und wertvolle Diskussionen.     

Determination of reproductive categories in the life cycle of aphids

Riassunto L'incrocio fra di ceppi diB. brassicae con scarsa tendenza alla partenogenesi, con anfigoniche di ceppi tendenti alla partenogenesi costante, ha dato alla F₁ percentuali di sessuali intermedie rispetto a quelle dei ceppi usati per l'incrocio. Le categorie riproduttive degli Afidi sembrano quindi determinate da poligeni.     

Molecular ontogenesis and molecular genetics in the crosses of toads

Riassunto È stata studiata la comparsa di antigeni nel corso dello sviluppo di due specie di rospi:Bufo bufo eB. viridis e dei loro incroci reciproci. Alcuni antigeni al loro primo apparire precipitano solo con l'antisiero specie-specifico e, solo dopo lo stadio di bottone caudale, sono precipitati anche dall'antisiero dell'altra specie; questo viene interpretato quale una ontogenesi molecolare. Negli incroci, le molecole con gruppi reattivi per i due antisieri sono più frequenti nell'incrocio vitale (B. bufo ×B. viridis ), mentre l'incrocio letale (B. viridis ×B. bufo ) mostra alcuni antigeni separati che precipitano ognuno con un antisiero.

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This investigation was supported by a grant from the Consiglio Nazionale delle Richerche.     

The effect of chloramphenicol analogs on protein biosynthesis in a cell-freeEscherichia coli B system

a aaa a aa aa a a E. coli aa, a aa aa a , a a aa - a .

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Laboratory of Biological Investigations.

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Laboratory for Chemistry of Antibiotics.     

The synthesis of ecdysone

Zusammenfassung Ecdyson, ein Häutungshormon der Insekten, wurde ausgehend von Ergosterin in 14 Stufen synthetisiert. Wesentliche Zwischenprodukte waren (20S)-2, 3-Diacetoxy-20-formyl-5-pregn-7-en-6-on und (22R)-2, 3-Diacetoxy-14, 22-dihydroxy-25-(tetrahydropyran-2-yloxy)-5-cholest-7-en-6-on.     

Durch polarisiertes Licht hervorgerufene Optomotorik beiUca tangeri

Summary Optomotor reactions were tested in 10Uca tangeri (5, 5) of intermediate body size, by slowly rotating the plane of polarized light entering the apical ommatidia of the animal; 8 out of 10 animals showed definite optomotor reactions immediately at, or a short time after, the beginning of the rotation. There were no such reactions when the apical ommatidia were stimulated by a rotating black and white disc.     

Some functional characteristics of the electroreceptors (the ampullae of lorenzini) of elasmobranchs

. . , ( I) , ( )- .     

Influence de l'aneuploïdie sur la différenciation protéique au cours du développement embryonnaire de l'UrodèlePleurodeles waltlii Michah

Summary No qualitative differences have been found between the electrophoretic protein patterns observed in normal and in aneuploid embryos ( 3n × 2n). The overall amount of extractable protein increases, however, less rapidly in aneuploid than in normal embryos.     

Sex-linked feathering of female hybrid chick embryos hormonally conditioned

Zusammenfassung Bei weiblichen Hühnerembryonen der Kreuzung New Hampshire x Light Sussex ist die rotbraune Farbe nach subtotaler Embryokastration verschwunden. Die embryonalen Melanophoren, welche die Daunen pigmentieren, können offenbar das rote Pigment nicht herstellen, wenn das ovarielle Hormon nicht vorhanden ist. Eine weisse Färbung der Daunen ist daher für die Feststellung des männlichen Geschlechts gonadenloser Tiere nicht entscheidend.     

Sex-specific pheromones in a termite

Résumé La glande sternale des jeunes imagos et secrète une phéromone attractive pour les individus du sexe opposé. Les peuvent prendre une position d'appel indentique à celle connue des . Les imagos, mais pas les nymphes, reconnaissent les phéromones sexuelles de la phéromone de piste sécrétée par la glande sternale des nymphes.     

Artbastarde in der GattungTilapia (Cichlidae,Teleostei) und ihr Verhalten

Summary The young ofTilapia mossambica (mouth-brooder) show a characteristic contact-behaviour, which is related to the behaviour of the mother fish, who takes them back into the mouth cavity in cases of disturbance. This contacting is lacking in the young ofTilapia tholloni (substrate spawner). Contacting, as studied in our experiments with models, is genetically determined and is dominant over thetholloni pattern in the crossT. mossambica ×T. tholloni .     

Potential juvenile hormone analogues containing piperidine ring: Synthesis and biological assay on insects

Summary Some compounds containing piperidine rings have been synthesized, and submitted to biological tests on insects for their hormonal activity on pupae ofTenebrio molitor L. andBombyx mori L. Some of them display a hormoneanalogue or toxic activity.The editors do not hold themselves responsible for the opinions expressed in the authors' brief reports. — Les auteurs sont seuls responsables des opinions exprimées dans ces brèves communications. — Für die Kurzmitteilungen ist ausschliesslich der Autor verantwortlich. — Per le brevi comunicazioni è responsabile solo l'autore. — . — Solo los autores son responsables de las opiniones expresadas en estas comunicationes breves.This research has been supported by the Italian National Research Council (CNR) special ad hoc program Fitofarmaci e Fitoregolatori, Subproject. 7.Acknowledgments. We thank Prof. G. Jommi for helpful discussions related to this and previous articles on the same subject.     

Changes in DNA and RNA during embryonic development of the merogonic combinationTriton palmatus (♀) ×Triton cristatus (♂)

Zusammenfassung Der Gehalt an RNS und DNS früher Entwicklungsstadien des BastardmerogonsTriton palmatus ()×Triton cristatus wurde gemessen. Es zeigt sich, dass trotz der Kern-Plasmadisharmonie diese letale Kombination in der Lage ist, beide Nukleinsäuren zu synthetisieren.

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The present study was supported by a grant from theKarl-Hescheler-Stiftung.     

17β-Hydroxymethyl-Steroide: Darstellung von Derivaten des 17α-Hydroxy-17β-hydroxymethyl-4-androsten-3-ons

Summary Starting from 17-hydroxy-17-hydroxymethyl-4-androsten-3-one, we synthesized 4-chloro-17-hydroxy-17-hydroxymethyl-4-androsten-3-one-17, 20-acetonide and 17-hydroxy-17-hydroxymethyl-1, 4-androstadien-3-one. 11, 17-dihydroxy-17-hydroxymethyl-4-androsten-3-one was obtained from cortisone via methyl-17-hydroxy-3, 11-dioxo-4-etienate.