英语否定式初探

从逻辑上讲,肯定与否定是两个不容混淆的完全对立的概念。可是,从语言形式上看,否定慨念的表达方式却非常复杂,而且否定概念和否定形式又并非永远一致,再加上我们和英美人民在思维、生活习惯和表达方式上的差异,造成了我们在理解和翻译上的困难。要克服这种困难,就必须对英语中的各种否定形式有一个概括了解,必须弄清英语中否定概念和否定形式之间的错综复杂关系,找出汉语和英语在表达方面的异同。本文就如何通过句法手段来表示英语的否定概念作一阐述。 1.局部否定(local negation):否定不是针对谓语动词,而是涉及句子的某个部分,称为“局部否定”。     

美国黑人群体之英语特点在电影中的展现和解析

本文根据美国黑人英语中be不变体、否定、讽刺还有黑人土语应用等独特语言特点,用美国黑人影片对白为素材,详细解析了美国黑人英语的黑人味道。指出作为那种较为成熟的变体英语,美国黑人英语特殊的语言体系和它暗含的丰富黑人文化素材对进一步研究美国文化之变迁有重大现实意义。     

英语中的转移否定结构

英语中的转移否定结构是一种非常复杂的语言现象。本文夺英语复合句中的宾语从句、原因状语从句及主语从句中的否定式会转移到主句的谓语动词之前的情况，分别作了阐述和举例说明。英语中的转移速写结构可算是特指否定的一种变体形式，可使句子的否定语气显得较为委婉，有广泛的使用范围。     

英语否定意义表达法种种

通过对英语中否定意义常见的表达法从形式和否定意义之间的联系进行综合归纳和举例分析。说明英语中表示否定意义的形式可以通过否定谓语部分，也可以通过否定其它成分，甚至是通过肯定形式表示。     

英语句子形式肯定而意义否定之汉译

本文从汉英两种语言表达手段和表达习惯迥异的情况,阐明英汉互译不可简单地以语言表面形式去进行.为此特别着重就英语形式肯定而意义否定情况下如何译成汉语做了一番探讨,并列举了许多英语中有形式是肯定而意义是否定的名词、动词、介词、副词、形容词、连词及它们的短词,举了例句加以说明.     

浅析黑人英语与标准英语之差异

以黑人英语的起源为根本立足点，从发音、语法、词汇三方面出发，比较和分析黑人英语与标准英语的差异，从而得出结论，即：黑人英语并非标准英语演变而来的一种方言，而是一个独立的语言。     

论否定式中英、汉两种语言之差异

对于中国学生来说,最初学会的英文否定式是肯定句的主语之后加上助动词＋ｎｏｔ＋行为动词而构成,这种结构指的是用否定词ｎｏｔ去否定谓语动词,进而否定整个句子,在汉语中用不,不是,无,没等词表示否定意义去否定被否定的部分。例如：Ｈｅｃａｎｔｂｅｔｈｅｒｅ．他不可能在那儿。由于和汉语形式基本类似,仅是增加了一个助动词和否定词。因而无论是记忆还是掌握都比较简单,但随着学习和掌握语言知识的增多,才发现英语否定结构的表达形式真是千变万化。英语中用某种结构表达的否定概念,在汉语中可能以同一种结构形式表达,也可…     

英语中的转移否定结构

英语中的转移否定结构是一种非常复杂的语言现象。本文对英语复合句中的宾语从句、原因状语从句及主语从句中的否定式会转移到主句的谓语动词之前的情况 ,分别作了阐述和举例说明。英语中的转移否定结构可算是特指否定的一种变体形式 ,可使句子的否定语气显得较为委婉 ,有广泛的使用范围     

非洲裔美国黑人英语的教学价值

美国加利福利亚奥克兰地区学校委员会标准英语教学项目公开承认非洲裔美国黑人英语的合法性以及在学校教学中的教育价值。作为标准美国英语的教学桥梁，笔者认为可以从三个方面来理解黑人英语的作用：第一，黑人英语可以成为黑人学生已有知识向新知识过渡的桥梁；第二，黑人英语是黑人学生语言“接受能力”和“生成能力”的中间环节；第三，在教师的帮助下，黑人学生通过对比、翻译、对语言多样性的了解，能够改变他们对自身语言的认识，提高学习的动机和积极性。     

浅谈英语中的否定结构

人们用语言表达思想时，总是要涉及到意义的正与反，肯定与否定两个方面。每种语言都有它自己一套表达否定意义的形式和方法。英语句子从形式和意义上来讲，一般分为肯定句和否定句，否定句又分为结构否定和意义否定。英语否定句是中国人学习英语的一个重点，也是一个难点，唯有突破这个难点，才能使英语学习有质的飞跃。为了正确透彻地理解否定语句的内在含意，有必要了解英语否定意义的各种表达方式及其特点。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with