Photoinduced Electron Transfer, Energy Transfer and Chemical Reactions in Supramolecular Systems

The research team led by Prof.Chenho Tung (CAS member) trekked in the research of photoinduced electron transfer,energy transfer and chemical reactions of supramolecular system for 20 years.     

Spin Configuration and Superexchange Mechanism in Molecular Magnets Observed

Jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Ministry of Science and Technology and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ma Xucun＇s group in CAS Institute of Physics and Condensed Matter Physics National I.ab, in cooperation with Xue Qikun＇s research team in the Department of Physics of Tsinghua University, studied the super exchange mechanism in cobalt phthalocyanine （CoPc） thin films by using a low temperature scanning tunneling microscope. With high energy-resolution spin-flip associated inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy, they explicitly identified the specific molecular orbitals that mediate the super exchange interaction between molecules.     

Scientific Evaluation and Regeneration of Eco-building Experience in Traditional Dwellings

In 1996, Department of Engineering and Material Sciences,National Natural Science Foundation (NSFC), accepted the suggestion made by some experienced members of CAS and published the key support project Green Architecture System and Dwelling Pattern in application guide for NSFC project. The project research group, led by Prof. Liu Jiaping, submitted an application entitled Green Architectural System and Dwelling Patterns, which was approved with support in August. In January 1997, Prof. Liu Jiaping and Prof. Wang Zhu put     

microRNA在肿瘤中的作用

miRNA(microRNAs)是一类由内源基因编码的长度为18～23个碱基的非编码单链RNA分子,它们在转录后水平调节基因的表达。据报道,在多种癌症中发现了miRNA表达量改变,提示其可能与癌症的发病机理、肿瘤生长和转移等相关,起到癌基因或抑癌基因的作用。大量证据表明,miRNA的异常表达会促进肿瘤的发生和发展,因此在包括非小细胞肺癌、乳腺癌和前列腺癌等多种癌症中具有临床价值。笔者主要阐述miRNA的生成过程,以及目前已知的相关miRNA在肺癌、乳腺癌、前列腺癌的预测、诊断、治疗和预后中的临床应用及相关分子机制。     

Joint Sino-US Symposium on Ecological Complexity and Ecosystem Services Held in Beijing

May24-25, 2004, Joint Sino-US Symposium on Eco-logical Complexity and Ecosys-tem Services was held in Bei-jing. The symposium was co-sponsored by NSFC, CAS and NSF, and was organized by InstituteofZoology, CAS and Arizona State University. Prof.Zhu Zuoyan, Vice President of NSFC, attended the opening ceremony and made an impor-tant speech.     

Progress in synthesizing functional nano materials

With the consistent investment, the research team directed by Prof. Yadong Li of Chemistry Department of Tsinghua University achieved new progress in synthesizing nano materials with specific functions. The research team led by Prof.     

给DNA甲基化检测装上GPS，看肿瘤细胞如何变花样

DNA甲基化对于细胞的正常生长和增殖非常关键,其异常可能导致一系列疾病,包括癌症,因此全基因组DNA甲基化的检测对于疾病的诊断和治疗具有重要意义。文章介绍了复旦大学于文强课题组研发的全基因组DNA甲基化检测方法"导向定位测序(guide positioning sequencing, GPS)"。相比于通用的WGBS(whole-genome bisulfite sequencing),GPS具有精确性高、比对率高、检测成本低、没有序列偏好性,可同时检测表观基因组和基因组学变异等优势。利用GPS对肝癌细胞和组织进行检测和分析,我们揭示了基于DNA甲基化调控的肿瘤转移的"同化共生"新机制。     

Progress of Glaciology and Geocryology Incubation Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China

The 10th 5-year Plan for National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC) for fostering competent research teams and highly qualified scholars in fundamental research in glaciology and geocryology was based on the strategy of incubating "competitive, pr     

中药及天然产物单分子组分抗肿瘤免疫机理

抗肿瘤免疫疗法在肺癌等特定恶性肿瘤的临床治疗中表现出良好的应用前景,但更多的实体肿瘤临床治疗还有待于基础研究原创发现向临床诊疗转化的突破。在"抑制负向免疫调节用于肿瘤治疗"领域有突出贡献的两位免疫学家被授予2018年度诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。中医是中华民族的传统医学宝藏,对于肿瘤治疗的认知与现代免疫疗法的概念有很多相通之处。本文小结了中药提取物及天然产物单分子在调节免疫系统方面的研究进展,并从固有免疫及适应免疫两方面进一步讨论中药在抗肿瘤免疫中的作用机理。     

2015年诺贝尔化学奖钟情于基因组DNA“修理工”

2015年诺贝尔化学奖授予了Tomas Lindahl、Paul Modrich和Aziz Sancar三位科学家,以表彰他们在"绘制细胞修复损伤DNA和捍卫遗传信息(完整性)的机制研究"方面所做出的杰出贡献。简要介绍了三位获奖者的研究工作和成就,以及DNA损伤修复与人类疾病(尤其是癌症)的发生、发展、诊断、治疗及预防的相关性。     

New progress in Organic FET

Co-funded by NSFC,MOST and CAS,researchers from the Key laboratory of Organic Solids,Institute of Chemistry,CAS,made new progress in organic field-effect transistors (FET).The results of the study were published recently in the journal of Advanced Materials (2008,20,1286-1290).     

Vice President Zhu Daoben met with Prof. Peter J. Stang

May 17-19, 2004, the First China-US Symposium on Nanoscale Science and Technology, co-sponsored by NS-FC, CAS and NSF, co-chaired by CAS Vice President Bai Chunli and US NNI Director Mike Roco, was held in Bei-jing. Over seventy participants from China and United States exchanged the frontier achievements and development and discussed the cooperation between China and US in the area of Nacoscale science and technology. Prof. Wang Jie,Vice President ofNSFC, attended the opening ceremony and made an address.     

石墨烯量子点在肿瘤诊断与治疗中的应用

传统的治疗方式存在诸多缺陷，促使肿瘤治疗的研究转向纳米技术方向。利用纳米技术能够开发和制备纳米尺寸的功能材料，并将其用于疾病治疗、诊断和成像剂等方面。石墨烯量子点作为兼具石墨烯片状结构和量子点发光性质的碳基纳米材料，具有低生物毒性、高荧光量子产生率、稳定的光致发光性和优异的生物相容性等优点，被广泛应用于催化、传感、生物成像、医学诊断以及肿瘤治疗等不同的领域，也因此成为生物医药材料的研究热点。结合石墨烯量子点的制备、性质和应用等，文章主要综述了石墨烯量子点在药物递送、光动力治疗、光热治疗以及荧光成像与示踪等肿瘤诊断与治疗方面的研究。     

荧光磁性纳米粒子标记的小鼠胚胎干细胞靶向识别体内胃癌细胞

胃癌的早期诊断和治疗是提高胃癌患者预后的关键, 纳米技术和干细胞是继手术、化疗和放疗之外新兴的肿瘤治疗新技术. 制备了氨基化修饰的荧光磁性纳米粒子(FMNPs), 无滋养层培养了小鼠胚胎干细胞(mESCs), 体外实验评价了mESCs的条件培养基对胃癌细胞的影响, 并利用FMNPs标记mESCs制备了干细胞纳米探针(FMNPs-mESCs), 通过尾静脉注射进入荷瘤小鼠的体内, 利用小动物活体成像系统考察了FMNPs-mESCs靶向识别体内胃癌细胞的能力. 结果显示, 制备的FMNPs具有良好的荧光性能和磁响应性能, 在50 μg/mL的浓度范围内对mESCs具有良好的生物活性, mESCs的条件培养基对胃癌细胞具有显著的抑制增殖的作用, FMNPs标记的mESCs具有良好的荧光性能, 在注射进入荷瘤小鼠体内6 h后可以通过活体成像结果和离体器官的荧光成像结果观察到肿瘤组织有显著的荧光信号. 研究表明, FMNPs-mESCs具有特异靶向识别体内胃癌细胞的能力, 为利用胚胎干细胞治疗胃癌提出新的研究方向.     

石墨烯量子点在肿瘤诊断与治疗中的应用

传统的治疗方式存在诸多缺陷,促使肿瘤治疗的研究转向纳米技术方向。利用纳米技术能够开发和制备纳米尺寸的功能材料,并将其用于疾病治疗、诊断和成像剂等方面。石墨烯量子点作为兼具石墨烯片状结构和量子点发光性质的碳基纳米材料,具有低生物毒性、高荧光量子产生率、稳定的光致发光性和优异的生物相容性等优点,被广泛应用于催化、传感、生物成像、医学诊断以及肿瘤治疗等不同的领域,也因此成为生物医药材料的研究热点。结合石墨烯量子点的制备、性质和应用等,文章主要综述了石墨烯量子点在药物递送、光动力治疗、光热治疗以及荧光成像与示踪等肿瘤诊断与治疗方面的研究。     

浅谈如何抓好班组安全日活动

班组是电力企业最活跃的细胞,是最基层的管理组织,是企业生存和发展的基础,是各项工作的落脚点。班组的素质直接反应出企业的素质,班组的安全水平和经济效益直接影响企业的安全基础和经济效益,因此加强班组安全管理,提高班组人员的安全意识和教育水平,就显得尤为重要。而班组安全日活动作为保证班组安全管理行之有效的方法之一,在班组安全管理工作中起着举足轻重的作用。通过活动,进行学习、定期分析工作中的不足、小结班组安全情况,进行自我教育,达到班组成员共同提高的目的,可以有效控制设备异常、减少事故的发生,从而为各项工作的开展打下坚实的基础。     

靶向性Fe3O4@Au纳米粒子在光声/核磁双模成像中的应用

多模互补成像可以提高医学诊断精度. 多模探针是联合各个成像模式的桥梁, 这意味着发展多模式、多功能的纳米探针是非常必要的. 本文发展了一种具有靶向性的四氧化三铁核/金壳纳米粒子(Fe₃O₄@Au)作为核磁和光声双模成像的探针, 实验证明Fe₃O₄@Au纳米粒子具有超顺磁性, 可以增强T₂序列的核磁信号. 此外, 该探针同时具有光学吸收性质, 可以增强光声信号. 在其表面修饰Integrin a_vb₃单克隆抗体后, 该探针对U87-MG肿瘤细胞具有选择靶向性. 基于Fe₃O₄@Au纳米粒子的核磁/光声双模成像将在肿瘤诊断中发挥重大作用.     

PIWI/piRNA在癌症中的功能和机制

PIWI蛋白是PAZ/PIWI结构域家族亚家族之一的RNA结合蛋白。PIWI蛋白通常与称为“PIWI相互作用的小型非编码RNA”(piRNA)相结合形成功能复合体来发挥作用。PIWI-piRNA通路因其在抑制转座子和生殖系发育方面的重要作用而闻名。除了在生殖系中的卓越作用，PIWI蛋白也因其通常只在生殖细胞中表达而在正常体细胞组织中几乎不表达，但是PIWI 蛋白在癌变的肿瘤组织里却异常表达，使其有望成为精准靶向治疗的绝佳靶点而在近年来备受关注。在这篇综述里，我们首先回顾PIWI蛋白如何与piRNA一起多面地调控生殖系中多种不同类型的RNA的表达，然后总结PIWI蛋白和piRNA在不同类型的癌症中的表达和功能，探讨近年来关于PIWI和piRNA在癌症研究中的局限性和可能存在的误区，并对最近冲击传统观念的PIWI在癌细胞中非piRNA依赖的生物学功能和调控机制展开深入的讨论。     

Research on Chinese Visible Human Project

" Visible Human Project (VHP)" was initiated by US National Library of Medicine in 1989, and in August 1991, the library signed a contract with Health Science Center of the University of Colorado to formally carry out the project. Accordingly, research team at the University of Colorado collected a structural data set of human body after obtaining successive sectional images. A digital image data set of a complete human male cadaver was acquired and made available for public use in November 1994, which aroused worldwide enthusiasm in this field, and remarkable social and economic benefit has been gained. Thereafter, some countries initiated their visible human project one after another. Korea started 5-year" Visible Korean Human (VKH)" project (Mar. 2000-Feb. 2005) in 2000, and the first data set derived from a patient with cerebroma was acquired in 2001. China began its project in 1999. The first data set of Chinese visible human was obtained at The Third Military Medical University in October 2002. Be     

奠基者基因的进化年龄及其意义

宏演化的趋势之一是生物由简单到复杂。传统上,这是古生物学、比较形态学和进化发育探讨的主题。随着基因组数据的不断积累,当今一支以基因组进化年龄层分析为主要研究方法的新军加入了进来。基因组进化年龄层就是在系统发育层面上新出现一组共同起源的奠基者基因。本文将介绍这支新军及其在个体发育和肿瘤研究上发挥的作用。